Rinjiile muuqaalka. rinjiile muuqaalka Ruush

Laga soo bilaabo markii Maqal time, dadka mar walba jeclaa dabiiciga ah. Waxay muujiyeen jacaylka ay u muujinayeen in at mosaics kala duwan, Bas-reliefs iyo farshaxanka. fanaaniin badan ayaa ku Nagi Bbc rinjiyeynta hal-abuurka ay. farshaxankiisa The, kaas oo u muujinayaa ee kaynta, badda, buuraha, webiyada, beeraha, sida runta ah soo jiidasho leh. Iyo in aad ixtiraamto sayid waaweyn yihiin si faahfaahsan, midabo iyo dareen maray shuqulladiisa Quruxdii iyo xooggii adduunka inagu xeeran ee. Waxay ahayd rinjiile muuqaalka ah iyo taariikh nololeedyadii ay la hadli doonaa in this article. Maanta waxaan ka hadli doonaa shuqulka Ranjiilayaasha weyn oo waqtiyo kala duwan.

Si fiican u yaqaan rinjiile muuqaalka qarnigii XVII ah

Qarnigii XVII ku noolaa dad badan oo tayo leh kuwaas oo door bidaan in ay muujinayaan quruxda dabiiciga ah. Mid ka mid ah ugu caansan yihiin Klod Lorren iyo Yacquub van Ruisdael Isxaaq. iyaga la joognay oo bilaabi doonaa sheeko.

Klod Lorren

artist Faransiis muuqaalka Claude Lorrain waxaa loo arkaa aasaasaha muddada classicism. farshaxankiisa waa Halabuurka caadi ahayn habboonaanta iyo kaamil ah. feature A ee kala duwan ee technology K. Lorrain ahaa awood u leh inay flawlessly gudbiyaan qoraxda, rays ay ka muuqataa in biyaha , iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Maestro ah ayaa ku dhashay France, inta badan ee uu noloshiisa uu ku qaatay Italy, halkaasoo uu ku tegey markii uu ahaa sano oo kaliya 13 jir. Marka guriga, hal mar oo keliya ayuu u soo noqday, oo markaas muddo laba sano ah.

Shuqullada ugu caansan ee C. Lorrain yihiin cillaanka "View of Forum Roman" iyo "Port View ka Capitol ah." In waqtigeena, waxay la arki karaa in Louvre ah.

Jacob van Ruisdael Isxaaq

Jacob van Ruisdael - wakiil ah xaqiiqo - wuxuu ku dhashay Holland. Inta lagu guda jiro safaradiisa ee Netherlands iyo Germany, artist qoray shuqullo badan oo caan ah, oo waxaa lagu gartaa duwan af badan ee codadka, midabada riwaayado iyo jilcid. Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan duwanyihiin of sawirada sida yaabaa in loo tixgeliyo "xabaalo Yurub."

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqo artist ee ahaa aan ku xaddidnayn ah farshaxankiisa xumida - wuxuu muujinayaa iyo muuqaalka miyiga. The shaqo ugu caansan waxaa loo arkaa inay "of View tuulada of Egmond ah," iyo "Muuqaal biyo-dhagax."

qarnigii XVIII

Waayo, rinjiyeynta qarnigii XVIII ah waxa lagu gartaa badan oo muuqaalada xiiso leh, in muddo this ahaa bilowgii jihada cusub ee foomka sheegay farshaxanka. rinjiile muuqaalka uguurtay, tusaale ahaan, ka shaqeeya meelaha sida noocyada muuqaalka (kale magaca - vedutny) iyo naqshadda (ama magaalada). muuqaalka vedutny A, markeeda, qaybsanyihiin sax ah oo fantastik ah. Wakiilka caanka ah ee Veduta fantastic waa Francesco Guardi. Uu male iyo farsamo waa hinaasada reer xataa rinjiile muuqaalka casriga ah.

Francesco Guardi

Oo aan marka laga reebo, shuqulladiisa oo dhammu waa caan for aragti si fiican oo sax ah, dhalmo midabka fiican. Bbc leeyihiin racfaanka sixir ah qaarkood, waxay si fudud wax aan macquul aheyn in ay iska jeexi indhihiisuna waa.

The ugu farxad shuqulladiisa la odhan karaa farshaxanka "Markabka oo iidaya Doge" bucentaur "," Gondola in haro badda ah "," barxadda uguurtay "iyo" Rio dei Mendicanti ". All ah farshaxankiisa waa aragtida Venice.

Uilyam Terner

artist Tani waa wakiilka nasjonalromantiske.

feature A ee kala duwan ee farshaxankiisa waa isticmaalka ah oo midabo kala duwan ee jaalaha ah. Taasi palette huruud ah, oo waxay noqdeen weyn shuqulladiisa. Master sharxay by xaqiiqada ah in midabo kuwaasi oo la xidhiidha qorraxda iyo daahirnimo, kaas oo uu doonayo in uu arko in sawirada.

Shaqada ugu quruxda badan iyo captivating of Turner waa "Gesperidsky Garden" - muuqaalkii fantastik ah.

Ivan Aivazovsky Ivan Shishkin

Labadan nin - si dhab ah rinjiile ugu weyn oo ugu caansan muuqaalka Ruush. First - Ivan Konstantinovich Ayvazovsky - uu taswiiran in farshaxankiisa badda haybad. Mudaaharaadka ee canaasiirta, hirarka ku dhowdahay, buufin xumbo, hartay ka dhanka ah kooxda markabka lurched, ama way xasilloonayd, meeshii bannaanayd degan, ciinwaanka by qorraxda dejinta - seascapes ku farxaan iyo yaabiyo ay naturalness iyo qurux. Waana mid ka, sida rinjiile muuqaalka ah oo lagu magacaabo seascape. Second - Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin - jeclaa in sawir kaynta.

Oo Shishkin iyo Aivazovsky - rinjiile muuqaalka qarnigii 19-a. Ina keena aynu deggan Biography ee shakhsiyaad, kuwaas oo ka badan.

In 1817 wuxuu ku dhashay mid ka mid ah Ranjiilayaasha badda ugu caansan dunida ee, Ivan Aivazovsky.

Waxa uu ku dhashay qoys hodan ah, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa nin ganacsade ah oo Armenian. Ma jiraan wax la yaab leh in xaqiiqda ah in Maestro mustaqbalka lahaa daciifnimo ah element badda waa. Ka dib oo dhan, ku dhashay ee artist noqday Theodosius - magaalo dekedda qurux badan.

In 1839 Ivan ka qalin Academy St. Petersburg of Arts, halkaas oo uu ka bartay muddo lix sano ah. On style ee artist la saameeyay shuqullada Ranjiilayaasha badda Faransiis Karl Werne iyo C. Lorrain, oo qoray canvases uu by Buzadag ah ee Baroque Classicism. The shaqo ugu caansan ee I. K. Ayvazovskogo waxaa loo arkaa rinjiyeynta ah "The Ninth Wave", ka dhigay in 1850.

seascapes sokow, artist weyn shaqeeyay on image ah ee goobaha dagaalka ku (tusaale cad ah - rinjiyeynta ah "Battle The", 1848), iyo Nagi badan oo farshaxankiisa mawduucyada taariikhda Armenian (1880 "Booqo JG Byron Mkhitarists keniisad dhow Venice." g).

Aivazovsky ahayd nasiib si loo gaaro warkiisii cajiib ah intii uu noolaa. Ranjiilayaasha badan ayaa muuqaalka noqday caanka ah ee mustaqbalka, bogi shuqulkiisa oo wuxuu ka qaatay tusaale ahaan. Isagu wuxuu u dhintay abuure weyn ee 1990.

Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich ku dhashay January 1832 magaalada Elabuga. qoyska A in la keenay Vanya ma ahaa mid aad u qani ah (aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa ganacsade hanti leh). In 1852 Shishkin bilaabo waxbarashada uu Dugsiga Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta, oo uu u qalin jebiyaan doonaa afar sano ka dib, in 1856-m. Xitaa shuqullada hore ee Ivan Ivanovich kala duwanaayeen qurux aan caadi ahayn iyo farsamo mushkilado. Ma aha la yaab leh in in 1865, for "View dhow Dusseldorf" ayuu rinjiyeynta I. I. Shishkinu la siiyey horyaalka ee academician. Laakiin ka dib sideed sanno, uu ka helay horyaalka of professor.

Like kale oo badan Ranjiilayaasha muuqaalka, Shishkin ka nolol rinji, waqti dheer dibadda, meelaha ninna rabshin laga yaabaa.

The farshaxankiisa-ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan of rinjiile way waaweyn yihiin "gabigiisaba" iyo "Morning ee Pine Forest a", qoraal in 1872, iyo rinjiyeynta "Dhuhr hore. In u dhow ee Moscow "(1869)

nin tayo leh ee nolosha kala gooyey guga ee 1898.

rinjiile badan ayaa muuqaalka Ruush qoraal ah ee canvases waa wax badan oo ka mid ah faahfaahinta iyo midabkiinaba midabo. Isla ayaa laga odhan karaa oo ku saabsan laba wakiillo ka rinjiyeynta Ruush.

Alexei Savrasov

Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov - rinjiile muuqaalka caanka ahaa dunida. In uu tixgeliyaa aasaasihii muuqaalka lyrical Ruush.

Wuxuu ku dhashay nin aad u fiican this ee Moscow ee 1830. Tan iyo 1844 Alex bilaabay inuu tababar at School Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta iyo naqshad uun. Horeba in uu dhallinyarada uu kala duwanaayeen talanti gaarka ah iyo kartida ay u image ee Bbc. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo this, sababo dhanka qoyskiisa ah, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo lagu qasbay in ay kala go'do waxbarashada iyo in ay dib u bilaabaan afar sano oo kaliya ka dib.

The shaqo ugu caansan oo la jecel yahay Savrasov waa, dabcan, rinjiyeynta ah "Rooks The Ma Yimid". Waxaa la soo bandhigay carwo safar ah ee 1971. No wax ka yar xiiso yihiin farshaxankiisa ku I. K. Savrasova "Rye", "dhalaali", "Winter", "Country Road", "Rainbow", "Elk Island". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay dadka dhaleeceeya, midkoodna shuqullada artist uusan barbar uu masterpiece "Rooks The Ma Yimid".

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Savrasov qoray farshaxankiisa qurux badan, oo waxaa hore u ogaan lahaa sida qoraaga oo ka mid ah farshaxankiisa cajiibka ah ugu dhakhsaha badan iloobin waxa ku saabsan muddo dheer. Oo 1897, wuxuu ku saboolnimada dhintay, dhibaatooyinka qoyska quus, khasaaraha carruurta iyo ku tiirsanaanta khamriga.

Laakiin rinjiile muuqaalka weyn Waxa aan marnaba la illoobayn karo. Waxay ku nool yihiin farshaxankiisa, ka soo jiidashada ee breathtaking, kaas oo aan u bogi karin maanta.

qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad

Xilligan waxa lagu gartaa baahsanaanta ee farshaxanka Ruush ah meelaha sida muuqaalka macaamiisha. In xididka this, waxaan ka shaqeeyay Ranjiilayaasha badan muuqaalka Ruush, oo ay ku jiraan Makovskiy Vladimir Egorovich. fanaaniinta No yar si fiican u yaqaan waqtiga ahaayeen Vasily Polenov, Arseny Meshchersky, iyo sidoo kale horay u tilmaamay Aivazovsky iyo Shishkin, kuwaas oo shaqada ku lahaa bar dhexe labaad ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad ee.

Arseny Meshchersky

Wuxuu ku dhashay on this artist si fiican u yaqaan in 1834 ee gobolka Tver ah. Waxbarashada uu helay at Academy Imperial ee Arts, halkaas oo uu ka bartay muddo saddex sano ah. Mawduucyada ugu waaweyn ee farshaxankiisa qoraaga ayaa noqotay kaynta iyo jiilaalka Bbc. Farshaxankii jeclaa in ay muujinayaan in farshaxanka, inuu views weyn ee Crimean iyo Caucasus, Buurahana haybad leh. In 1876 wuxuu noqday professor ka mid ah rinjiyeynta muuqaalka.

Ugu guulaha badan oo caan ah farshaxankiisa la oran karo waa rinjiyeynta ah "Winter. Qalada bi'iyo "," View of Geneva "," Storm ee Alps "," The Forest Lake, "" Southern Muuqaal "," nooca ee Crimean ah. "

Waxa intaa dheer in dabeecadda Ruush, Meschersky sidoo kale u gudbiyo quruxda Switzerland. In dalka this in muddo ah uu waayo-aragnimo ka Master of rinjiyeynta muuqaalka Calama helay.

Iyo odayga ahaa jeclaan of sepia iyo xardho. In hababkan, waxa uu sidoo kale abuuray shuqullo badan oo xoog leh.

farshaxankiisa badan oo ka artist ah loo tixgeliyaa muujiyey at bandhigyo labadaba Russia iyo dalalka kale. Sidaas dad badan oo waqti la mahadiyo ee ee talent iyo asalnimada qof hal abuur leh. Pictures Arseniya Mescherskogo sii wadi in ay ka farxiyaan dadka badan oo jeclaan of art, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Makovskiy Vladimir Egorovich

Makovskiy V. E. waxa uu ku dhashay ee Moscow ee 1846. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa rinjiile caan ah. Vladimir go'aansaday inuu raaco wadadii aabbihiis oo helay uu waxbarashada farshaxanka at School Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta, Waa naqshad iyo Architecture, ka dibna u tageen inay St. Petersburg.

The ugu guulaha badan ah farshaxankiisa ayaa "sugitaanka. In xabsi, "" Burburkii ee bangiga "," Sharaxaada "," guryaha "iyo" orgy Spring. " shuqullada inta badan muujinayaan dadka caadiga ah iyo goobaha maalin kasta.

Ka sokow Bbc qoyska, odayga oo uu ahaa, Makovsky sidoo kale rinji Wehbe iyo sawirada kala duwan.