Rinjiyeynta: Renaissance. -Abuurka ah fanaaniinta Talyaani ee Renaissance ah

Renaissance - ka Faransiis turjumay ka dhigan tahay "nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad". Waxaa sidaas la magacaabay xilligii dhan, turjumaya ubax caqliga iyo farshaxanka dhaqanka Yurub. nooleynta ku dhashay Italy ee bilowgii qarnigii XIV iyo gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa ee qarnigii XVI ka, kaasoo bilaabaya xilligii of engegay hoos dhaqanka iyo fadhiidka ah (Zaman ee qarniyadii dhexe), kaas oo ku salaysan quustay iyo jahliga.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee Renaissance qoray taariikhyahanka ah ee asal ahaan Talyaani, rinjiile iyo author of buugaag ku saabsan nolosha fannaaniin caan ah, sculptors iyo injineero ah Dzhordzho Vazari ee bilowgii qarnigii XVI.

Markii hore, ereyga "nooleenta" loogu tala galay muddo go'an (bilowgii qarnigii XIV ah) formation of mawjad cusub oo farshaxanka. Laakiin muddo ka dib, fikradda waxa uu helay fasiraad ballaaran oo u yimid in ay ka dhigan tahay Epoch ah oo dhan ee horumarinta iyo dhisidda dhaqanka, horjeeda feudalism.

muddo Renaissance dhow ula xiriirtaa ah ee hababka cusub iyo farsamooyinka of rinjiyaynta ee Italy. Waxaa jira xiiso in sanamyadii qadiimiga ah. Secularism iyo anthropocentrism waa feature muhiim ah, buuxinta farshaxan waqtiga, iyo rinjiyeynta. Renaissance barakiyeen gunti sifeeyay qarniyadii dhexe. Yimaado xiisaha ay wax walba adduun, qurux buu u ballaadhan yahay ee dabiiciga ah iyo, dabcan, nin. Renaissance fanaaniinta u dhowaan la tusay ee jidhka bini'aadamka ka barta sayniska of view, isku dayaya in ay ka shaqeeyaan wax kasta oo ay si faahfaahsan ugu yar. farshaxankiisa waa macquul. Rinjiyeynta waxaa ka buuxa style u gaar ah. Waxaa la aasaasay ka Buzadag aasaasiga ah ee dhadhanka farshaxanka. Si weyn loo qaybiyey fikradda cusub ee falsafada loo yaqaan "humanism", sida uu qofka u dhashay waxaa loo arkaa inay qiimaha ugu sareeya.

dhaqanka Art Renaissance

ruux kaco ayaa hadal ballaadhan ee farshaxanka waqtiga iyo qabanaysa ah rinjiyeynta erya gaar ah. Renaissance xira dhaqanka la sayniska. Artists bilaabeen inay arkaan waxaad tahay sida laan ka mid ah aqoon, waxbarasho si fiican jirka Aadanaha iyo adduunka inagu xeeran. Tan waa la sameeyey si ay u dheeraad ah oo xaqiiqda ku muujiyaan runta ah ee uunka Ilaah iyo dhacdooyinka ku saabsan canvases uu. dareenka badan ayaa lagu bixiyey in image ee maadooyinka diinta ku kasbaday mahad content uu dumo si xirfad ah ee Sweden sida Leonardo da Vinci.

Waxaa jira shan marxaladood ee horumarinta farshaxanka Talyaani ee Renaissance ah.

International (maxkamadda) Gothic

Kaas oo asalkiisu ka soo jeedo bilowga ah ee maxkamadda Gothic ku XIII qarnigii (ducento) waxa lagu gartaa ciyaaryahan xad-dhaaf ah, pomposity iyo pretentiousness. nooca ugu weyn ee farshaxankiisa waa meesha allabariga a Ghadafi leh sawir ah maadooyinka. Artists isticmaali rinjiga tempera si ay u abuuraan farshaxankiisa. Renaissance taajir ahu xubnaha caanka ah ee xilligan, tusaale ahaan, sida ay Ranjiilayaasha Talyaani Vittore Karpachcho iyo Sandro Bottichelli.

Pre-Renaissance muddo (Protorenessans)

marxaladda soo socota, taas oo la rumeysan yahay inuu la filayay inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ah, loo yaqaan Protorenessans (trecento) iyo dhacdaa dhamaadka XIII - bilowgii qarnigii XIV. In la xidhiidha horumarinta deg deg ah ee dunida bini'aadamnimada tahay muddo taariikhi ah ayaa muujinaya dunida hoose oo nin, naftiisa, wuxuu leeyahay macnaha ah oo qoto dheer cilmi nafsiga, laakiin waqti isku mid ah uu leeyahay qaab fudud oo cad. Muuqaallo Diinta libdhi galay asalka, iyo cilmaani ah ayaa hogaaminaysa, iyo sida qof ugu weyn nin u taagan tahay iyadoo uu dareenka, wajiga iyo baaqyada. Waxaa jira ku Wehbe ugu horeysay ee Renaissance Talyaani ah, darajada walxood. fanaaniinta caanka ah ee muddo this - Giotto, Pietro Lorenzetti.

hore Renaissance

Bilowga ee qarnigii XIV bilaabmin marxaladda of Renaissance hore (quattrocento), magac u kaco ee rinjiyaynta la la'aanta ah ee maadooyinka diinta. Wajiyaalna walxood oo noqday noocyada aadanaha iyo muuqaalka ah sida ku sifayn ah rinjiyeynta, degan Misbaax gaar ah. Aasaasihii of Renaissance dhaqanka hore farshaxanka Mozachcho u dhaqmo, ku salaysan fikirka ah taas oo ah sirdoonka. farshaxankiisa leeyihiin xaqiiqo sare. sayid Great baaritaan toosan iyo aragtida anteenada, anatomy iyo isticmaalka aqoonta shuqulladoodu, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa meel sax ah saddex-geesood ah. Wakiillada ee hore ee Renaissance waa Sandro Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Pollaiuolo, Verrocchio.

Renaissance Sare ama "Age Golden"

Tan iyo dhammaadkii qarnigii XV bilaabay wajigii sare Renaissance (cinquecento) oo socday, qarnigii XVI ka hor gaaban. Waxa uu noqday xarunta of Venice iyo Rome. Artists ballaariyo jahooyinka ay fikirka iyo ku mashquulsan yihiin Cosmos ee. Man muuqataa in image ee geesiga, ruuxa iyo jir ahaan labada kaamil. Tirokoobyada muddada this waxaa loo arkaa in ay Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian Vecellio, Buonarrotti Michelangelo iyo kuwa kale. rinjiile The weyn oo ka mid ah Talyaani Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci ahaa "nin universal" oo ahaa in search joogta runta. Qaadaan farshaxan, riwaayado, noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah tijaabooyinka sayniska, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay ka heli waqti rinjiyeynta. Abuurista "Madonna dhagaxyada dhexdooda" garaaf ahaan bandhigayaa rinjiile ahbaa style of light oo hadh, kuna waari dhexdeeda xarunta waa iftiinka iyo hooska abuuraa saamaynta mugga iyo caanka ah "Mona Lisa" la sameeyo iyadoo la isticmaalayo farsamada ee "smuffato", la abuuro khayaal ah ee carceero.

dabayaaqadii Renaissance

Inta lagu jiro mudada dabayaaqadii Renaissance ah, taas oo dhacda at bilowgii qarnigii XVI ka, waxaa jiray qalal iyo bililiqaysiga magaalada Rome ciidamada Jarmal. Dhacdadani waxa ay ku calaamadsan bilowgii Zaman ee eynu. Xarunta Cultural Roman ayaa iska daayeen inay noqon sokoeye la tirooyinka ugu caansan, oo waxaa lagu qasbay in ay kala diraan magaalooyinka kale ee Yurub. Sidaas darteed of kaca ee isdhaaf ah u dhexeeya aragtida iimaanka Christian iyo humanism dhamaadka qarnigii XV ku Mannerism noqdo style dega in calaamad u rinjiyeynta ah. Renaissance waxaa si tartiib ah soo socda in dhamaadka ah, maxaa yeelay, ku salaysan style this waxaa loo arkaa inay si qurux badan in hadhaynaysaa fikrad ah wada noolaanshaha dunida, runta iyo omnipotence sababta. Hal-abuurka uu noqonayaa adag iyo keensataa sifooyinka of iska hor imaad ah ee jiho oo kala duwan. shaqo cajiib ah ka tirsan fanaaniinta yaqaan sida Paolo Veronese Tinoretto Jacopo Pontormo (Karruchchi).

Italy ayaa noqday xarun dhaqan ka mid ah rinjiyeynta iyo dunida siiyey fanaaniinta cajiib muddada this, kuwaas oo sawiro iyo weli aan xusno ku farxaa qiiro leh.

Waxa intaa dheer in Italy, horumarinta farshaxanka iyo rinjiyeynta lahaa meel muhiim ah dalalka kale ee Yurub. Waxaa la magacaabay, waayo Northern Renaissance ah. Waxa xusid mudan rinjiyeynta Faransiiska oo ka mid ah Renaissance, taas oo uu koray ay ciidda u gaar ah. dhammaadkii dagaalkii ka Boqol Years 'keentay in kordhay wacyiga dadweynaha iyo horumarka aadanaha. In tahay Faransiis jirto xaqiiqo, isgaarsiinta aqoonta sayniska, soo jiidashada in images of Qarniyadii hore. Dhamaan qaababka kuwaas oo isaga ku keenaa Talyaani ah, laakiin joogitaanka qoraalada naxdinta in farshaxankiisa waa farqiga weyn. fanaaniinta caanka ah ee Renaissance ee France - Angerran Sharonton, Nikola Fromana, Zhan Fuke, Zhan Klue Senior.