Sahamiyayaal Arctic yaqaan

Arctic casilay aadanaha ee Warega of qarniyadii XIX iyo XX. Tani adag-to-ku laayeen baaritaan daredevils ka dalal badan: .. Russia, Norway, Sweden, Italy, iwm Taariikhda helitaanka Arctic ah - ma aha oo kaliya sayniska, laakiin sidoo kale tartanka ciyaaraha ah in ay sii socoto ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Nils Nordenskiöld

sahamisa Arctic Nils Nordenskiöld (1832-1901) waxa uu ku dhashay Finland, ka dibna waxaa iska lahaa Russia, si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagoo Sweden u dhashay, uu duulaan sameeyay hoos calanka Swedish. In uu dhallinyarada uu booqday badan oo Spitsbergen. Nordenskiöld ahaa socotada ugu horeysay 'weyddiisto' ah xaashida baraf Greenland. cilmi oo dhan si fiican u yaqaan in bilowgii Arctic qarnigii XX waa u qalmeen isaga loo arkaa la'yihiin uu farsamo.

Waxa ugu weyn ee Adolfa Nordenshelda ahaa duulaan u Gudbinta North-East ee 1878-1879 sannad xisaabeedka. oo cawo The "Vega" waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu horeysay ee safarka ahaa ee xeebta waqooyi ee Eurasia oo si buuxda u dulmaray qaaradda weyn. Merit Nordenskjold qiyaasay Faracoodii - magiciisa waxaa la siiyaa sifooyinka badan juqraafiyeed ee Arctic ah. Tani waa ay ka mid yihiin jasiiradaha u dhow Taimyr iyo Khaliijka ku saabsan Earth Cusub.

Robert Piri

Magaca Roberta Piri (1856-1920) - gaar ahaan taariikhda sahamo kala horjeeda. Waxay ahayd ayuu - sahamisa ugu horeysay Arctic kan ka guulaystay Pole Waqooyiga. In 1886, sahamisa ku xusan in ay ka gudbaan Greenland on gaari baraf ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tartanka uu qasaaro Fridtjof Nansen.

The sahamiyayaal ka dibna Arctic ahaayeen EXTREMALS dareen xitaa ka sii badan ay hadda tahay. Weli ma jirin qalab casri ah, iyo daredevils lahaa ku dhowaad ka Faydno waxa shaqeeyaan. Oo damacsanaa inay ka adkaan Pole Waqooyiga, Peary go'aansaday inuu ka soo leexdo in nolosha iyo dhaqanka ESKIMOSKA ah. Thanks to "dhaqan isweydaarsiga" American tagay isticmaalka bacaha hurdada iyo teendhooyin. Halkii, waxa uu ahaa in ay door biday in ay dhaqanka ee dhismaha igluu.

Home Travel Piri - uu duulaan lixaad ee Arctic ee 1908-1909. Kooxda ayaa ka mid ahaa 22 Americans iyo 49 ESKIMOSKA. Inkastoo, sida caadiga ah, sahamiyayaal Arctic loo soo diray in dhulka darafyadiisa waafaqsanayn ujeedada sayniska, shirkadda Piri keliya ka kooban yahay ka jecel yihiin in ay ku riday diiwaanka. Cidhifka Waqooyi waxaa ka guulaystay by sahamiyayaal April 6, 1909.

Raul Amundsen

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee Raul Amundsen (1872-1928) safray Arctic ee 1897-1899 GG., Xaggee buu ka qayb qaatay duulaan reer Belgium, taas oo ahayd Navigator mid ka mid ah Markabka. Ka dib markii uu dalkiisa ee Norway soo laabtay bilaabeen inay u diyaar garoobaan safarka madax banaan. Ka hor this, cilmi of Arctic ee asal ahaan ka sodcaaleen leh kooxaha waa weyn ee weelasha dhowr. Amundsen go'aansatay in ay ka tanaasulaan dhaqanka.

sahamisa Polar iibsaday doonni yar "Joa" oo wuxuu soo ururiyey ciidan yar oo madax bannaan naftooda taageeri karin ugaarsiga iyo kulan. duulaan Tani ayaa la bilaabay in 1903. Ujeedadu waxay ahayd bilaabo Greenland Norse ah, iyo final - Alaska. Sayidka, ee Raul Amundsen ugu horeysay ka guulaystay Gudbinta Waqooyi Galbeed - wadada badda iyada oo Arctic Canadian ah Jasiiradaha. Waxa ay ahayd guul aan horay loo arag. In 1911, sahamisa ugu horeysay kala horjeeda ee taariikhda aadanaha oo ay gaareen South reer Poland. In mustaqbalka, Amundsen noqday xiiso isticmaalka diyaaradaha, oo ay ku jiraan Saiarrada iyo seaplanes. Cilmi dhintay 1928, Boogaadin duulaan ku maqan ee Umberto Nobile.

Nansen

Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) ka bilowday baaritaanka Arctic xaqa xiiso leh. Sida skater xirfad iyo skier, isagu waa 27 sano jir ah ay go'aansadeen in ay cross-dalka barafka wayn Greenland baraf cap iyo isku day ugu horeysay taariikhda ka dhigay.

North Pole oo aan weli la guulaystay by Peary, Nansen iyo go'aansaday in la gaaro dhibic u tari jirtay, badewedu la barafka on schooner ah "fram". Markabkan oo ahaa in maxaabiista reer woqooyi barafka ee Cape Chelyuskin. kooxda horjeeda tegey on raacid, laakiin bishii April 1895, iyaga oo gaarey 86 digrii loolka woqooyi, dib bay u noqdeen.

Later Fridtjof Nansen lama lug ee guutadii hormuudka. Halkii, isagu xaq buu isu Hawiyaha ee sayniska, inuu noqdo xayawaan daryeelle fiican iyo author of a waxbarashada darsin. Xaaladda tiradaasi si fiican u yaqaan dadweynaha Nansen la dhibtoonayo cawaaqibka Dagaalkii Adduunka ee First ee Europe. Waxa uu ka caawiyay qaxootiga ka yimid dalalka kala duwan oo gaajoonaya Volga. In 1922, ee sahamisa Arctic Norway waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Nobel Peace Prize.

Umberto Nobile

Talyaaniga Umberto Nobile (1885-1978) waxaa loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya sida sahamisa a kala horjeeda. Magaciisa waxaa la xidhiidha xilligii dahab ah airship. Amundsen, kuwaas oo ka dhacay on fikradda ah duulimaadka hawada ka badan Cidhifka Waqooyi ee, uu kula kulmay takhasus ah oo duurka ku ah aeronautics Nobile ee 1924. Horeba 1926, shirkadda Talyaaniga Argonaut Scandinavian iyo taajir yaabo American Lincoln Ellsworth u tageen inay horyaalka epochal. airship The "Norway" raacay wadada ugu horeysay loo arag Rome - North Pole - Alaska Peninsula.

Umberto Nobile noqday geesi qaranka, iyo Mussolini jiryada isaga dhigay xubin guud iyo sharaf xisbiga Fashistadii ah. Guusha keentay in dib-u-dhise Saiarrada in uu abaabulo duulaan. Wakhtigan, violin ugu horeysay ay dhacdo ciyaaray Italy (diyaaradaha horjeeda ayaa loo yaqaan "Italy"). On jidka ka soo airship North Pole burburtay, qayb ka mid ah shaqaalihii markabka ayaa ku dhintay, iyo Nobile laga soo badbaadiyay oo uu baraf qalada bi'iyo Soviet "Krasin".

Chelyuskinites

Chelyuskinites feat - page gaar ah ee taariikhda aan xudduud sahaminta kala horjeeda. Waxaa la xidhiidha isku day lagu guulaysan in la dhiso navigation ah hareeraha Wadada Sea Northern. Waxaa loo waxyooday saynisyahan Otto Schmidt iyo Captain-kala horjeeda Vladimir Voronin. In 1933, waxay cid u direen oo cawo ah "Chelyuskin" oo u tegey on duulaan xeebta waqooyi ee Eurasia.

sahamiyayaal Arctic Soviet damcay inuu cadeeyo in Badda Waqooyi ee Route waxaa loo gudbin karaa oo keliya ma aha on gaari si gaar ah loo diyaariyey, laakiin sidoo kale Markab xamuul ah oo fudud. Dabcan, waxay ahayd khamaar, oo waxay noqotay cad Cadaabka in Bering Strait ah, halkaas oo baraf burburiyo doonnidii la burburiyey.

shaqaale ah "Chelyuskin" haddiiba daadgureeyay, iyo caasimadda ah ee guddiga dowladda in uu abaabulo samatabbixinta ee sahamiyayaal kala horjeeda la abuuray. Dadku waxa ay guriga ku soo laabtay by buundada hawada iyadoo la kaashanayo of diyaaradaha. Taariikhda "Chelyuskin" iyo shaqaale adduunka ugu guulaystay. Duuliyayaasha, samatabbixiyeyaasha ugu horeysay si aad u hesho horyaalka ee Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Georgy Sedov

Georgy Sedov (1877-1914) naftooda lala badda sida nin dhallinyaro ah, galay Rostov fasalada nautical. Ka hor inta noqoto sahamisa Arctic ah, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay dagaalka Ruush-Japanese, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo amray inay doonnida fuulaan toorbiidyo ah.

The duulaan ugu horeysay kala horjeeda Sedov ka dhacay 1909, markii uu ku tilmaamay afka River Kolyma ah. Markaasaa dhulku cusub (oo ay ku jiraan ay Krestov Guba) ayuu wuxuu imtixaamay. In 1912, Sarreeye sare oo soo jeediyay in duulaan ku Saarka mashruuca dawladda gaadhi, ujeedada taas oo ahayd Pole Waqooyiga.

Maamulka ayaa diiday in uu kafaala khatar ah. Markaas ayuu lacag ka lacagaha gaarka iyo safarka weli abaabulay ururiyey. Uu markabka "St. Foka" waxaa hor istaagay by baraf at Novaya Zemlya. Sedov markaas xanuunsaday cadho, laakiin weli ku weheliyay dhowr iyo saaxiibadaheedba way tageen inay gaari baraf si Cidhifka Waqooyi. Polar dhintay en dhow wadada si Rudolf Island, halkaas oo uu la aasay.

Valery Chkalov

More inta badan sahamiyayaal Arctic Ruush la xidhiidha maraakiibta, sleighs iyo sledding eey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay ka qayb qaateen in ay daraasadda of meelaha mugdiga iyo duuliyayaasha sameeyey. The xiddiga ugu weyn ee Soviet Valeriy Chkalov (1904-1938) ee 1937 ka dhigay horyaalka ugu horeysay aan joogsan ka Moscow si Vancouver via Cidhifka Waqooyi.

Taliyaha guutada Buddy on howlgalka noqday co-pilot Georgy Bajdukov iyo Navigator Alexander Belyakov. In ka badan 63 saacadood oo Ant-25 banneeyeen-dheer 9000 kiiloomitir ay. The geesiyaal Vancouver oo dunida ku baahsan sugaya suxufiyiinta, iyo Roosevelt Madaxweynaha Maraykanka shakhsi helay duuliye ee Aqalka Cad.

Ivan Papanin

Hubaal Ivan Papanin (1894-1896) - ku sahamisa ugu caansan Soviet Arctic. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa shaqaalaha dekedda Sevastopol, ma aha la yaab leh in wiilka in carruurnimada hore shiday badda. Waqooyiga Papanin muuqday markii ugu horeysay ee 1931, booqanaya on markabka "Malygin" Franz Josef Land.

ammaanta qatarsan inay sahamiyayaal Arctic yimid at 44 sano jir. In 1937-1938. Papanin keentay shaqo ee ugu horreeyey ee dunida timi "Cidhifka Waqooyi" station. 274 maalmood qaatay afar saynisyahano on barafka, daawashada jawi dhulka iyo hydrosphere ee Ocean Arctic ah. Papanin noqday Hero ah Midowga Soofiyeeti laba jeer.