The Sea Northern Route. Dekedaha oo ka mid ah Route Sea Northern. Horumarinta ee qiimaha iyo horumarka ka mid ah Wadada Sea Northern

Russia uu leeyahay meelaha badda weyn ee Arctic ah. Iyada oo expanses kuwaas oo been Badda Waqooyi ee Route (NSR) - maraynaa gaar navigable leh taariikh xiiso iyo rajada aad u ballaaran.

wadada caanka ah badda in maraa Waqooyiga

The Route Sea Northern waxaa loo arkaa thoroughfare ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan ee maraakiibta Ruush aaga Arctic ah. Waxa uu maraa badaha tagaya Ocean Arctic ah. jid Tani xirta dekedaha ku yaalla qaybaha Yurub iyo Far-Bari ee Russia. Bilowgii Badda Waqooyi ee Route - Gate Kara ah. Dhammeystay jid ee Providence Bay. oo dhererkeedu wuxuu tirada guud ee Route Sea Northern - amarka 5,600SoSh km, markii ugu horeysay waxa oo dhan ka tegey moreplavatelnaya duulaan Swedish hogaaminayo Nordenskiöld ee 1878-79 sano.

The Sea Northern Route waxaa si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa by badmaax Soviet ee 1940-80-mada. In 70 oo waddada weyn this aan bilaabay in ay socdaan furfurayaasha. Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti waxaa bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan maxkamad si joogto ah shisheeye. The dekedaha ugu weyn ee Badda Waqooyi ee Route waa in Igarka, Dikson, Tiksi, Dudinka iyo Pevek Providence. Navigation waxaa maamula Waaxda of Maritime Transport ee Ruushka (ee Midowga Soofiyeeti sameeyey Glavsevmorput, ka dibna Wasaaradda Morflot).

The dekedaha ugu muhiimsan ee

The Sea Northern Route bilaabmaa Sea Barents ah. Waxaa markaas sii biyaha kale ee badaha - Kara, Laptev iyo Bariga Siberian iyo Chukchi. In kasta oo jidhkooda biyaha ku yaalaan dekadaha muhiim ah oo ka mid ah Route Sea Northern. Marka hore waxa ay Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, bari - Dixon, degaanka ee ku Yenisei Gulf weelashii dhex Dudinka iyo Igarka noqotay, sarre u galay Badda Laptev ah - in Noordwijk, ka dibna Tiksi (Delta ee Lena ah), Ambarchik (afka Kolyma ah), iyo Pevek iyo dekedda ee Providence.

walxaha Kuwani kaabayaasha maraakiibta, kuwaas oo ku yaal afka webi ee waaweyn u dhaqmaan sida dhibic gaadiidka maraakiibta xamuulka meel. The Sea Northern Route - jid weyn oo ay la socdaan oo gaadiid alwaax, mashiinada, dhuxusha, qalabka dhismaha, cuntada, maabalka. The dekedaha ku Route Sea Northern waxaa loo habeeyey si ay u helaan a furfurayaasha waaweyn.

Dhibaatooyinka horumarinta SMEs

Khubarada waxay aaminsan yihiin in casriyeynta kaabayaasha Ruush Arctic u baahan doontaa maal-dhaqaale, iyo dad la taaban karo. Waxaa loo baahan yahay si loo horumariyo shaqada on hydrography iyo Saadaasha hawada, in la dhiso nidaam ilaalo anteenada dhaqdhaqaaqa barafka waxay noqon doontaa, abuuro hay'adaha dowladda ayaa mas'uul ka ah gacanta deegaanka. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kordhiyo khayraadka Moe, kor ugu qaaddo kaabayaasha dekadda.

Intaa waxaa dheer, falanqeeyayaasha ayaa sidaa leh, waxaa jira arrimo badan oo aan la xallin oo ku saabsan saldhigga caadi-sharci sharciyeynta dhaqdhaqaaqa maraakiibta ay weheliyaan NSR ah. Siyaabo badan, wajigan go'aamin doona line ku soo jiidasho in maal-gashadayaasha ajnabiga - iyo ma aha oo kaliya in berrinkii maraakiibta xamuulka, sida, laakiin sidoo kale in qaybaha xiga. Sida, tusaale ahaan, dalxiiska Arctic ah. Waxaa jira dad badan oo doonaya in ay ka dhigi safar u North Pole, iyo shirkadaha ka Russia noqon karaan qeybiyeyaasha ee dunida ugu weyn ee adeegyada safarka sida.

Interest ka yimid wadamada kale

Sida laga soo xigtay qaar kamid ah qabiirada, horumarinta Badda Waqooyi ee Route waxaa xuquuqdeeda leh go'an of ma aha oo kaliya Russia, laakiin sidoo kale in dhowr waddan oo kale. First of dhan, awoodaha waaweyn ee Asia Pacific - Shiinaha iyo Hindiya. Bandhigeysa xiisaha iyo dalalka yar laakiin saameynta - sida Singapore. Qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa soo jeediyay in aan u baahanahay xeerarka sharci ee dhaqdhaqaaqa gaadiidka badda si ay shirkado shisheeye maraakiibta.

Xaaladda, Khubarada ayaa leh, waxa adkayn kara by booska uu ka Maraykanka ah oo aan ka fiirsan in ay fure u Badda Waqooyi ee Route waa gaar ku tahay awood Ruush. Waxaa intaa dheer, sida ay xeerka sharciga ah oo waddada weyn oo xataa Russia ma jiro iswaafiqitaan. Laakiin waxaa jira qareenada kuwaas oo aaminsan in Russia wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in la xakameeyo kasta marinka maraakiibta hareeraha Wadada Sea Northern marayo caadooyinka Heshiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee sharciga badda, oo la aasaasay 1982-kii.

On maamulka ee SMP

Jirku wuxuu dawladda ee looga golleeyahay in lagu xeeriyo navigation ee SMP - waa maamulka of Sea Northern ee Route, xafiiska dhexe waxa uu ku yaalaa ee Moscow. Sida laga soo xigtay xeerarka sharciga Ruush, maraakiibta ku sugan biyaha dhuumaha waa la fuliyay in nidaamka saamaxdo. Milkiilayaasha weelasha waa codsan in horay ay u isticmaalaan biyaha NSR ah. Maamulka oo ka mid ah Route Sea Northern tixgelin iyo go'aan ka in la siiyo ama u diidaan. Waxa xiiso leh, habka codsiga waa arrin casriyeeyey: waraaqaha elektaroonig ah waxaa loo diri karaa, iyo, weliba, in English, kaas oo ah mid aad u sahlan tahay BURCAD shisheeye. Maamulka NSR baarayaa codsiga 10 maalmood oo shaqo gudahood oo meelaha jawaabtaada (go'aan ku saabsan in la soo saaro ruqsadda a) on website-ka rasmiga ah.

saxda ah ee navigation

Ruush Northern Sea Route - maraynaa, halkaas oo waxaa jira xeerar navigation qeexay sharciga ee Ruushka. A shuruudaha badan ayaa lagu soo waramayaa in dabeecadda. Tusaale ahaan, haddii markabka waa in SMEs iyo gudbo laynka West (East), ka dibna hal mar maalintii Kabtanka markabka ee waa in ay maamulka Badda Northern Route macluumaadka muhiimka ah ee ku saabsan markabka diro.

iyaga ka mid ah - ay wadataa juquraafi ee doonnida, markii la qorsheeyey qaatay in biyaha oo ka mid ah SMP, dabcan dhabta ah, xawaaraha, iyo sidoo kale macluumaad ku saabsan joogitaanka baraf on wadada doonnida. Kabtanka markabka isla markiiba wargeliyaa maamulka ee NSR ku saabsan ilaha ogaado of wasakhaysan. noocyada kuwa weelashii aan dhaqaajin karin in uruuray cufan oo baraf ah, waa in duwo falalka ay kula raxan qalada bi'iyo iyo in ay xiriirka joogtada ah maamulka SMP in ay raacaan tilmaamaha dhaqdhaqaaq dheeraad ah haddii loo baahdo.

NSR

baxriyiintii qaarkood waxay door bidaan in aan ku shaqeeyaan marka la eego sida Badda Waqooyi ee Route, waxaa badalay "meesha" ereyga. miisaanka ee SMEs, sidaas kordhin ballaadhkiisuna wuxuu ahaa badda dhulka 12 miles iyo aagga dhaqaalaha ee dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah ee weelasha gudahood waa muddo dheer, 200 miles. Aagga SMP - ka Gate Kara si Strait Bering ah.

The Northern Sea Route, sidii ay tirada of BURCAD - adag ah ka mid ah dhowr duulimaad maraakiibta. Waxay dhererka saxda ah ma aha joogto ah oo ku xiran inta badan isbedel xilliyeed ee dhumucda iyo meesha barafka Arctic ah. The Sea Northern Route - waa in ka badan 70 dekadood oo waaweyn oo dhibcood. Waxaa jira dhowr gobollada Ruush (Chukotka, xeebaha Yakutia iyo gobolada ku xeeran), waayo, kuwaas oo NSR - waddada kaliya iyaga xirmaya inta kale ee dalka.

furfurayaasha Nuclear on SMP

Sababo la sifooyinka juquraafi iyo cimilada dhaqdhaqaaqa, oo weelasha ku Route Sea Northern waa wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan ka qaybgalka raxan qalada bi'iyo ah. Haddaba tag iyada oo NSR 6 furfurayaasha shaqeeya nuclear-ka. Maraakiibtan Tani waxay xaqiijineysaa hawlgalka xasiloon oo wadada badda oo dhan iyo furfuraya masalooyin la xiriira wanaajinta helidda gobollada Waqooyiga Fog ee Russia iyo shelf Arctic ah. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar kamid ah qabiirada, ka raxan qalada bi'iyo Ruush - damiin ah amniga qaranka. Sida oo kale, markabka icebreaking ay ka badan tahay 8,000 miles - ka Murmansk, Vladivostok oo wuxuu ku dhammeeyey. Dhab ahaantii, laba ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu weyn ee ku hawlan maraakiibta NSR ah, ka diiwaan gashan, kuwaas oo laba magaalo. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar kamid ah qabiirada, raxan ka qalada bi'iyo Ruush waa in la kordhiyaa. Taasi waxay hagaajin doontaa oo meelmar ah dhaqaale oo waddada weyn si ay u abuuraan shaqooyin cusub ee SMEs gobollada, si loo hagaajiyo xaaladda tahriibka dadka si North ah.

iftiimisay saadaasha dhaqaalaha

Sida laga soo xigtay qaar kamid ah qabiirada, SMEs waa in ay laf-dhabar u ah soo horjeeda Suez Canal iyo walxaha kale ee kaabayaasha badaha ee dunida ugu weyn. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha, ugu awoodda ee SMEs - oo ku saabsan 50 million tons oo xamuul ah sannadkii. isu badmaaxyada aaminsan yihiin in SMP waa sannad kasta iyo aad u badan oo caan ah - gaar ahaan ka dhanka ah asalka ah ee koritaanka waxqabadka shirkadaha saliidda iyo gaaska ee gobolka of Yamal iyo Arctic ka.

door muhiim ah isticmaalka hufan ee jidadka waaweyn ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay BURCAD waa inay sameeyaan maal-gaarka ah. Dynamics waa rajo, 2010, SMP ayaa kaliya 4 weel weyn oo, ka dibna sanadkii 2011 - 34, iyo in 2012 - horeba 46. Khubarada waxay aaminsan yihiin in ay jirto sabab kasta oo ay ku filan koritaanka dheeraad ah ee waxqabadka shirkadaha maraakiibta biyaha ku NSR ah - labada Ruush ah iyo kuwa shisheeye.

kaalin ee gobolka

Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha, ka hor inta bilowga ah ee 2000 ka, Russia ayaa saameyn aad u yar ee horumarinta Arctic oo dhan iyo Northern Sea Route ee gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sannadihii la soo dhaafay gobolka ayaa si weyn u xoojiyey ee goobahaas. Bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan sharciyo cusub oo kor u qaaday arrimo la xiriira horumarinta gobollada xiga si ay SMP. isbeddellada Kuwanu, Khubarada ayaa leh, inta badan sabab u tahay doorka weyn taariikhiga ah ee Russia ee Arctic ah, rabitaan ee gobolka in ay dib ay saamayn hore ee gobolka. Sannadkii 2008, Madaxweynaha ayaa saxiixay dokumenti muhiim ah - "Fundamentals of siyaasadda gobolka Ruush ee Arctic ilaa 2020". meelaha Northern Ruush waxaa loo aqoonsaday mid ka mid ah kaydka istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim u ah dalka. Qaar ka mid ah SMP ilo waa shay ka mid ah isgaarsiinta gaadiidka qaranka. Waxaa jira ilo kale oo sharciga - "Strategy ee horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee Siberia", la ansixiyay 2010-kii. Waxaa baaqaday in si habboon u isticmaalidda SMEs khayraadka - qodob muhiim ah in horumarinta dhaqaalaha guul gobolka Siberian.

Attention ka Shiinaha

Mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ajnabiga ah ee ku saabsan navigation ee biyaha SMP ugu firfircoon - China, iskaashi la Russia oo sannadihii ugu danbeeyay aragto gaar ahaan ku habboon. In dayrta ee 2013, khubarada qaar ka mid ah ayaa xusay tusaale xiiso leh, oo la xidhiidha marinka iyada oo weel Sea Northern Route Yong Sheng. Waxaa soo baxay in markabka, oo doorbiday in ay dhex maraan Railway Ruush ah, guuleystay oo ku saabsan laba toddobaad marka loo eego haddii gadiga marayo wadada dhaqameed for badmaax Shiinaha ee Badweynta Hindiya iyada oo Suez Canal. Dabcan, waxa aan saameyn ku yeelan kartaa korodhka dheeraad ah danta ka mid ah shirkadaha maraakiibta Shiinaha si ay u isticmaalaan sida wadada soo jiidasho leh. Iskaashiga qaabka guud ee navigation ee biyaha SMP waxaa si firfircoon uga wada hadleen u dhaxeeya China iyo Russia ee heer dawladeed.

Madaxweynaha Russia on SMP

The dulsaar Dawladda ah intensive more development oo waxtar of the Northern Route Sea traced tusaalaha positions ah ee Madaxweynaha. Vladimir Putin ayaa baray meydadka fulinta in ay ka baxaan sanadka 2015-bedbedelka on jidadka waaweyn SMP ilaa 4 milyan oo tan. Waayo, habkan in la soo dedejisay guddoominta, oo weelasha oo cusub oo awood u leh in ay xaalado baraf ku socday, iyo sidoo kale baraf-jebiya - nuclear iyo naaftada. Madaxweynaha ayaa sheegay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay si loogu casriyeeyo kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta ah, navigation badda, dayactirka ah ee maraakiibta. goolka caalamiga ah - in ay soo jeedin jid galay soo jiidasho ah shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay ee Russia iyo jihada dibadda. On sida guul noqon doonaa horumarinta SMEs, madaxa gobolka, waxay ku xiran tahay sida ay Russia mustaqbalka ay awoodaan in ay kor u qaadaan danaha qaran u gaar ah ee Arctic uu noqon doono.

Qiimaha NSR ee Russia

Vladimira Putina amar waafaqsan Dabcan xukuumadda guud ee la xiriirta sida waa in ay horumarinta u Route Sea Northern. Horumarka dhaqaale ee dhowr gobol oo Russia ay ku xiran tahay dhismaha kaabayaasha noqon doonaa SMEs sida guul - gaar ahaan gobolka Arkhangelsk ah, Siberia. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha, muhiimadda ay leedahay oo ka mid ah Route Sea Northern in Russia ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad. Waayo, dalka, SMP - waa jid ma aha oo kaliya a rajo badda, laakiin sidoo kale qalab ah in xallin doonto heshiis weyn ee gobolka Arctic ah. Sidaa darteed, xitaa haddii dhaqaale Badda Waqooyi ee Route ma noqon doonto sida kharash-ool ah sida la filayo maamulka, khubaro, dawladda ee dalka u leeyihiin in ay rumaysan wadi doontaa in ay maalgelin ku sameeyaan kaabayaasha dekedda iyo in la dhiso furfurayaasha - badalo, haddii loo baahdo, SMEs in saldhig istiraatiiji u ah difaaca dalka.