Shucaaca dabiiciga ah

shucaaca Dabiiciga joogo meel kasta oo nolosheena, waxa qayb ka mid ah deegaanka aadanaha waa. Tani waxay ifafaale ayaa lagu helay in 1896 by cilmiga Becquerel Faransiiska by magaca, kuwaas oo laga helay ilaha shucaaca dabiiciga ah si qalad ah intii lagu jiray tijaabada ee ku saabsan raadka ay ku saxan sawir, kaas oo uu ku duudduubtay oo warqad madow, tayadda ah zinc dhaadheer.

Waa maxay shucaaca dabiiciga ah? Tani isbadal ah nuclei qaaradda ee element isla kiimikada xuduntii of atamka ee element kale. Nidaamkan waxaa had iyo jeer la socdo shucaaca radioactive. kaalin weyn in ay daraasadda ee arrintan ayaa jirka aad u fiican Marie Sklodowska-Curie. Waxa ay ahayd tii ee 1898 helay radium xubno iyo polonium.

Physicists ayaa muujiyay in shucaaca dabiiciga ah ma mawduucaan waa la badeli sarkhaansan yihiin xaaladaha dibadda. Waxay noqon kartaa mid ah laba nooc: proton ah, iyo ku-proton double.

Waxaa ka mid ah shucaaca dabiiciga ah ee ka kooban dhowr. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: soo runtan shucaaca, shucaaca walxaha deggan dalka, iyo sidoo kale ilaha shucaaca ah, taas oo ah in qalabka dhismaha, cunto iyo biyo.

Haddii aad xisaabiso boqolkiiba, ka dibna shucaaca dabiiciga matali karaa sida soo socota: 73% - ay sabab u tahay saameynta ay ilaha shucaaca dabiici ah in meel walba nagu wareegsan, 13% - waxaa abuuray marayo nidaamka caafimaadka (ugu weyn ee ugu weyn X-ray), iyo 14% ee shucaaca Waxa la xisaabay in rays ka meel dibadda ah.

shucaaca qoraxda uu leeyahay awood aad u weyn, laakiin dhulka waxa ka ilaaliya deegaanka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu weyn meel fog ka oogada Dhulka, xoog saamaynta fallaadhaha runtan. Seynisyahanno ku arkay labanlaabka ah ay tallaabo ka dib 1000 mitir. Tusaale ahaan, markii diyaarad diyaarad markuu soo fuulaa, qiyaastii 10,000 oo mitir, heerka shucaaca ee qol dabiiciga ka badan ku dhawaad 10 jeer.

Widhwidha, oo si teelteel ah u muuqdaan in Sun ah, sidoo kale waa qayb ka awood badan ee "caadi ah" radiation soo jeeda. Ilaha soo socda - waxaa qayb ka taas oo ay qayb ka yihiin qalabka dhismaha, meelaha ka sari dhuxusha, iyo Bacriminta phosphate.

Sida heerka qaybiyey ee shucaaca dabiiciga ah oo caalamka? Qubarada ayaa loo xisaabinayaa in ay kala duwan tahay xaddiga 5 -20 micro-roentgen saacadiiba. Isla mar ahaantaana hor aadanaha su'aasha soo baxdo, sida ay waxyeello tirada ah nolosha dadka degganu dhulkeenna sida.

On arrintan, isagoo leh saynisyahano isku qasan. Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in burburka ka soo shucaaca waa mid laga samri, halka qaar kalena ay ku doodayaan in uu keeno cudur daran oo Isbedelo, laakiin waa arrin iska cad in arrintan u baahan tahay cilmi baaris dheeraad ah.

Weyn u saameeya shucaaca asalka qofka ficil ahaan ma sheegi karo, sidaas darteed waxaad u baahan tahay si aad iskaga saamaynta arrimo taban in ka badan qiimaha la ogolaan ilaaliyo.

Cabbirrada shucaaca:

• 1 Gudiga = 0.01 Sv;
• 1 mrem = 0.01 milli Sievert.

shucaaca runtan u dhiganta qiyaas sanadle ah oo 30 mrem (300 Sv), laakiin, tusaale ahaan, qiyaastii 10 km dose shucaaca waxay yeelan doonaan 100 jeer ka weyn. Heerka shucaaca waa kala duwan on qaaradood oo kala duwan oo dalalka shaqsi. Isagu waa 30, ee France, US iyo Japan - 60 millirem sanad kasta. Tirada dadka oo ka mid ah dalalka barwaaqo ah sannad walba helo 100-150 mrem ee shucaaca ay sabab u tahay asalka jira. In Russia, this celceliska tirada 65 mrem / sanadkii.

Siyaabaha daama walxaha shucaaca wuxuu noqon karaa mid aad u kala duwan. Kuwa ugu badan oo iyaga ka mid, iyada oo sambabada, cunto, maqaarka by nuugista. shucaaca la kordhiyo ba'an u saamaysa jidhka bini'aadamka. walxaha khatarta ah waxaa si siman jirka ka mid ah dhibanaha oo dhan. Haddii aan tixgeliyo dhammaan ilaha ee radionuclides, qiyaasta sanadlaha ah aadanaha celcelis ahaan waa 135 mrem.