South Georgia iyo Islands Sandiwiij ee Koonfurta. badweynta Atlantic

Halkaa marka ay marayso u koonfureed ee Ocean ee Atlantic meelaha cajiib ah dalkii asal Kobenhagen: South Georgia iyo Jasiiradaha Sandiwiij ee. Waxa aynu ognahay iyaga oo ku saabsan? Sidee magacyada kuwaas oo aad ka tagtaan, discoverer kii iyo waxa ay yihiin cajiib ah? Bal aynu eegno dhow at this piece of Atlantic.

South Georgia: description iyo cimilada

South Georgia, iyo George - Jannadii jasiiradda-sida pingvin iyo shaabadihiisa, iyo sidoo kale jasiiradaha ee isku magaca, oo ka kooban 9 jasiiradaha iyo dhagaxyada 4. Waxaa halkan waa in degaanadii ugu weyn ee xoolaha kuwaas. jasiiradda waa ka roon tahay 3500 km ^2, iyo inta badan waa la daboolay by Muuse Dhuldhoobo iyo lichens. xaaladaha adag cimilada hana u oggolaan in faanaa Bbc dabiici ah oo qurux badan.

Halkan waxaa ku seeraha caadi Oceanic daboolay cawska wanaagsan, iyo Dhuldhoobo, geedo lahayn oo ku xoortay. Qayb ka mid ah jasiiradda at sare ah ee 300 mitir heerka badda, daboolay glaciers iyo baraf weligeed ah. Laftiisa dalkan ma aha mid aad saaxiibtinimo si aadanuhu. Dhagaxyada, dabayl baraf iyo cimilada joogta daruurta oo baraf ama qofna meelsare oo ganaax sasabasho iyo hubaal ah ma aha inay ku nool jasiiradda this. Sidaa darteed, waxay hoy u tahay oo keliya ku saabsan 30 qof. Badda ma Xayiraadda badan, keliya bay ku xiran muddo at naxariista barafka.

Islands Sandiwiij ee South: Description

Waa maxay waxan feature juqraafi? Haddii aad fiiro gaar ah u Badweynta Atlaantik on map dunida, jasiiradaha tan waxaa ku yaalla qaybta koonfureed ee ugu waxaa ka mid ah, fogaan ah 570 km ka Georgia. By meesha, waa jasiiradaha yaryar ee Badda (wadar ahaan 310 km ^2), oo ka kooban 13 sirqoollada yar oo ah dalka. ARC kala firdhay oo jasiiradaha Kobenhagen yihiin dhagaxyada Anfaco. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan la Anfaco. Tani geeska of caalamka deggan dubato ku habboon deegaanka adag subarctic. Sida dadka, Islands Sandiwiij yihiin oo xiiso inta badan kaliya ee bayoolajiga. Xaqiiqada ah in halkan deggan tirada ugu badan ee albatross ee dunida. Sidoo kale, kuwaas oo xeebaha dhagax doortay shaabadood, boqorkii pingvin iyo dadkii degganaa kale ee cimilada subarctic.

jasiiradda ugu weyn ee jasiiradaha - Montagu - oo lagu yaqaano marno ay firfircoon. qarax ka dhacay sanadkii 2008. By malo, Islands Sandiwiij waa dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah geedka kokaha, oo ku yaalla South America. dalalkan waxaa soo booqday oo kaliya duulaan Arctic ah. In view of dhawaanshaha ka hadda qabow jasiiradaha subantarctic of icebound ka May ilaa iyo horaanta December.

History of daahfurka

Sida ay fikrado, jasiiradda of South Georgia waxaa la furay sanadkii 1.675 oo ku hadlaya magaca baayacmushtariga Entoni De la Roche. Waxa uu ka dhoofnay Chile in Brazil iyo wadada ahayd in duufaan xoog leh, kaas oo isaga eryay iska bari. Kooxdu waxa ay ahayd inay awoodaan inay isku halleeya ee gacanka ah jasiirad aan la aqoon, inuu noqdo sidaas Horseedka ah. meel ka mid ah dalka ayaa loo magacaabay in sharaf of Roche. Kaliya 100 sano ka dib, ee 1775, intii uu safarka labaad ee intan yar ee dalka yimid caanka Dzheyms Kuk. Waxa uu ahaa kii ku tilmaamay jasiiradda oo intuu wax ku dhuftay on map-ka. Dheeraad ah, ka dib markii sharciyada British, sahamisa waxay u sheegeen in UK oo magaceeda siiyey in sharaf of King George.

Markaas Dzheyms Kuk sahamiyey iyo Islands Sandiwiij ee, furitaanka tiro ka mid ah jasiiradaha yaryar iyo iyaga magacaabay Sandiwiij ee dhulka, laakiin sharaxaad faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah oo iyaga ka soo muuqday 1819kii. Markaas duulaan ku Lazarev - Bellingshausen furay 6 meelo badan oo yar oo ah dalka. Tan iyo Badweynta Atlaantik on map dunida ku daray jasiiradaha kale. Beddel ay xaaladda ka dhacay bilowgii qarnigii 20aad. Britain ayaa iska leh Islands Sandiwiij ee tan iyo 1908.

ka dib markii furitaanka

Sidaas daraaddeed, dhulka cusub oo u muuqday in hantida, iyo waxa la sameeyo iyaga la - waa aan la aqoon. Sababo la xiriira cimilada adag ee nolosha cusub ee helay jasiiradaha ficil ahaan waa wax aan macquul aheyn. Dhawaanshaha Antarctic dhigaya xaaladaha cimilada: heerkulka waxaa ma ku kici kor ku xusan 5 digrii xagaaga iyo jiilaalka ma dhici aan hoos 2 degrees Celsius. Oo dadkii oo dhammu samayn lahaa, laakiin dabaylo qabow joogto ah iyo cimilada daruurta oo waxaa dareemay darajo hoose si -10. Baxso gasiiradaha meel, sidaa darteed dadka halkan u dhoofay kaliya shaabadood ugaarsiga iyo libaaxyo badda.

Laakiin wax badan ayaa iska beddelay markuu bilaabay whaling. Whaling raxan in search of gadiga la dhaco si aad u koonfureed ee Atlantic ka, iyo tan iyo 1904 jasiiradda of degsiimooyinka South Georgia waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan. Founder of dejinta ugu horeysay Grytviken ahaa Norwegian la dhalashada British Carl Larsen.

Bilow whaling

Tan iyo 1904, ee jasiiradda George muuqatay toddoba warshado kalluumaysi. Inkastoo jawiga adag, whalers ayaa magoolay, oo halkan mar waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 1,000 dadkii oo dhan. In Grytviken waxa uu ku yaalaa jirka maamul ee shirkadda Argentine kalluumaysiga. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah la dhigay marso Dunnay xeebta waqooyi ee jasiiradda.

Waxaan soo shaqeeyay shirkad this inta badan dadka noorwiijiga. Heshiisyada whalers siiyey taliyaha Ingiriisi ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in England waxaa la sameeyay sanadkii 1909, oo u dhow saldhigga whaling ee xarunta maamulka Grytviken - King Edward Point, archipelagos garoomada taliyaha Islands Falkland ee.

War for territory

Argentina ayaa marnaba aqoonsan xaq u leedahay inaad leedahay UK ka Islands Sandiwiij ee South Georgia South. sheegashada ay iyada waxaa soo bandhiga, tan iyo 1938. wakhti ka mid ah bartamihii 50s-, Argentina ahayd sannaddii salka Tenniente-Esquivel ee Gacanka Ferguson Bay jasiiradda of Thule, oo ku yaalla qaybta koonfureed ee Islands Sandiwiij ee. Oo laga bilaabo 1976, oo ay 1982-kii waxaa ku yaal saldhig ciidamada badda "Corbett Uruguay." British The ahaayeen ogyahay joogitaanka Argentina on dhulkeeda dibada, laakiin hababka military si loo baabi'iyo, isagaba ma ay qaadan.

Waxaa dhacay March 19, 1982. Markaas kooxda reer Argentina iska dhigaya ganacsada duugga ah, qaaday saldhig whaling ka tagay ee Gacanka Leith Harbor on South Georgia. A 3 April weerareen oo qabsadeen Grytviken.

British Marines dib Island April 25, 1982. In koorsada hawlgallada milateri ee 13,000 oo askari British iyo 20,000 oo Argentina ay ahaayeen lug. guuldaradii dagaalka keentay in wax isbedel ah oo dowladda ee Argentina iyo UK ka qayb qaatay guusha ee koritaanka wadaninimo. Mid ka mid ah qoraa la hadlay oo ku saabsan dagaalka, "ayaa muran laba bidaarta ay sabab u tahay shanlo." Oo runtii ahaa dagaal macno darro, taas oo qof ayaa lagu dilay. Ilaa 2001, waxaa jiray ciidankii milatariga yar oo ku salaysan King Edward Point. Wakhtigan, salka yimid asturidda Antarctic Survey British ah.

jasiiradaha maanta

Si aad u taariikhda, kuwaas oo jasiiradaha Kobenhagen yihiin oo xiiso for degree weyn oo guutadii wax cilmi ah. Waxay waxaa la qabtaa xagaaga cilmiga saadaasha hawada iyo indha indheyn ka samaysan yihiin deegaanada gaarka ah ee Shimbiraha. On jasiiradda of South Georgia waxaa laga helaa warbler kaliya ee Jacaylku - faras weyn. Sidoo kale, albatrosses badan oo halkan deggan, petrels, cormorants, gulls iyo terns, aad u bogi karaa quruxda, pingvin iyo rookeries weyn ee walruses iyo shaabadood.

Sababtoo ah ee hawsha Kobenhagen ee Islands Sandiwiij ka, kaas oo la arkay tan iyo markii ay soo saar, nolosha dadka ee dhulkooda waa ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn. Laakiin halkan xilliyo kaalinta duulaan Antarctic. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah England ayaa la qorsheeyey horumarinta ganacsiga dalxiiska gasiiradaha ha ka, laakiin waa safar aad u qaali ah.

indhaha

Maanta jasiiradda of South Georgia, Grytviken tuulada, madxafka oo ah, halkaas oo aad ka heli karaan taariikhda jasiiradaha. Qaar ka mid ah waqti ka hor, waxaan waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan ay saldhig whaling oo ka mid ah soo jiidashada degaanka Ahaysiinay. Sidoo kale jasiiradda lagu aasay sahamisa horjeeda caanka Ernest Shekelton iyo caawiyihiisa Frenk Uald. Weli jiidashada ugu weyn ka mid ah kuwan archipelagos fog yihiin deegaanada of pingvin iyo nuujiya badda. Oo u dhow Islands Sandiwiij, waxaad daawan kartaa kooxda weyn - nibiriga. Halkan inay yihiin - dhaaf ah ugu ka mid ah jasiiradaha Atlantic.