Swedish Korol Karl 12: Biography, taariikhda, photos, sano ee uu noloshiisa iyo boqornimadii

Mid ka mid ah ciqaab ugu muranka ka mid ah Scandinavia ahaa Korol Iswiidhan Karl 12. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada uu Fatxi ee dalalka Scandinavian ka gaadhay xadka ay ugu badnaan, laakiin waa, iyada oo sababtu tahay soo gaartay dagaalka, waxay ahayd dhamaadka Swedish Empire. Mid ka mid ah geesiyaal ugu weyn ee qaranka ama khasaare ahaa Carl 12 - boqorka Swedish? Biography of Boqortooyada noo oggola in la eego arrintan.

carruurnimada

Maxay ahayd ninkan - Swedish Korol Karl 12? Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee Boqortooyada, sida la filayo, taariikhda dib u dhalashada qofka loo caleemo saaray. Taasi waxa ay noqon doontaa barta laga bilaabo of our sheekada.

Sidaas daraaddeed, mustaqbalka Swedish Korol Karl 12, waxa uu ku dhashay June 1682 magaalada caasimada ah ee Stockholm ku. - aabbihiis ahaa boqorkii dalka Sweden Carl 11-Palatinate Tsvaybryukkenskoy guri ammaan, iyo hooyadiis ahayd Ulrika Eleonora, gabadhii King Frederik ee Denmark 3.

12 Karl ahaa mid aad u wanaagsan ee waxbarashada wakhtigaas, sida laga arday ugu yaraan xaqiiqada ah in ninkeeda uu ahaa weli hadlayay luqado badan.

Ascent carshiga

Karl 11, hore dhintay, isagoo jira da'da 41, markii wiilkiisii ahaa sano oo kaliya 14 jir. Tan iyo markaas Carl 12 - boqorka Swedish. markiiba waa la caleemo saaray ka dib dhimashadii waalidka ee March 1697.

Inkastoo rabitaanka aabbihiis iyo da'da qaan gaadhin 12 Karl ku adkeystay on aqoonsiga da'diisa iyo diidnay maamulka ee sharcigan oo ah.

Ololaha military ugu horeysay

From sano ee kowaad oo boqornimadiisa, oo wuxuu noqday ku lug ololaha milatari kala duwan Carl 12 - boqorka Swedish. Biography taliyaha this waxaa ku dhowaad oo gebi ahaanba ka kooban tilmaanta olole uu. In dedaaladii ka mid ah hawl ma aha doorka ugu danbeysay u ciyaaray by maximalism dhallinyaro ah.

12 Karl ogaa in uu noqon lahaa iska hor imaad ah la isbahaysiga Russia, Denmark iyo Poland, laakiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo aan ka waaban in lagu bilaabo dalalkaas in iska hor imaad ah. Uu laad ugu horeysay ee uu ka dhaliyey Denmark ayaa soo diray in 1700. Sayidka bilaabay Northern War Weyn.

ku andacoonaya in tallaabo military ahaa abti weerar Karl 12, King Frederik ee Denmark oo xulafo la ah Boqortooyada Swedish Fridriha Golshteyn-Gottorp. Qaadashada isaga la socda ciidan yar, Karl dhigay 12 degtey degtaa caasimadda ah ee ay xafiiltamaan - magaalada Kobanheegan. Decisiveness iyo xawaaraha tallaabo boqorka Swedish waxaa lagu qasbay in ay weydiiso Boqortooyada deenishku dunida, ma filan noocan oo kale ah soo dhaqsaday Charles dhallinyarada.

Denmark xaqiiqda dhiibin sababay carada ba'an xulafadeeda - boqorkii Polish August 2, kuwaas oo sidoo kale ahaa Elector ee Saxony, iyo Tsar Ruushka Peter 1, ka dib naaneeso Weyn.

Dagaalka Mareykanka Östersjön

Bishii Febraayo 1700 Ciidamada Saxon hareereeyey August 2 magaalada Swedish ee dalka Mareykanka bari. Si dhakhso ah si ay dagaal ku biiray ugu xooga badan oo ka mid ah wakiilo ka ah isbahaysiga la-dagaallanka Swedish - 1 Peter.

Ciidamada Ruush hareereeyey magaalada Baltic ee Narva iyo Ivangorod, ay leedahay Sweden. Xaaladdan oo kale, Carl 12 mar kale muujiyeen sida ay uga go'an iyo fikirka deg deg ah. At madaxa ilaalada Expeditionary, hore u dabaaldegtay guusheedii badan Denmark, wuxuu degay dalka Mareykanka bari. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ciidamada ciidanka Ruush hoos amarka Field Marshal de Croix waa saddex jeer ka badan ciidanka Swedish, Karl aan ka cabsaday inuu dagaal muhim siin. Isaga oo sii dhiirranaan oo ahaa abaal sida Sweden guulaystay dhamaystiran guul. ciidanka Ruush khasaare tiro iyo wax badan, gaar ahaan badiyay madaafiic oo dhan.

Control badan Karlom Pribaltikoy 12 bogsatay.

War la Poland

soo horjeeda xiga ee Charles 12, kuwaas oo lahaa si uu, ahaa King of Poland iyo Elector ee Saxony waqti isku mid ah on August 2.

Waa in la sheegay in August 2 tiirsan karaa oo kaliya oo ciidankiisa Saxon. In Poland, ayuu qariibka ku ahaan jiray, casuumay si ay carshiga. Ka sokow nidaamka aad siyaasadeed ee Commonwealth ka mid ah maqnaanshaha maamulka dhexe adag, xoriyad badan ee ku abtirsan ah, taas oo ka dhigtay ay boqortooyadu ugu xoogaysato waa arrin daciif ah. In aan ku xuso xaqiiqada ah in Poland waxaa jiray mucaaradka in ay August 2, diyaar u ah inay taageeraan doorka Karl 12. The taasoo keentay in ay u soo ciyaaray magnate Stanisław Leszczynski.

Swedish Korol Karl 12 ee 1702 soo galeen Poland. At Battle of Klishove uu ku burburtay August 2, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ciidamada cadowga uu ciidanka tiro ahaan liita laba jeer. Dalka Iswiidan waxay qabsadeen oo dhan madaafiic cadowga.

In 1704, wakiilo ka Sidukiinta ee Polish, kuwaas oo ay taageerayaan Charles 12, August 2 iyo dejiyey boqorkii naadiyey Stanislava Leschinskogo. De gacanta Qolyihii dhulka ee Rzeczpospolita Korol Stanislav ahaa awoodaan in la dhiso oo taageero ka Boqortooyada Swedish ee 1706. Oo waxay noqotay ka dib markii 12 Carl ugu dambeyntii ka qarxay August 2 iyo qasbay dambaysta ah in la soo gabagabeyn dunida Altranshtedsky, sida uu sheegay wixii uu diidnay carshiga Polish, laakiinse wuxuu dhawray ee codbixiyayaasha ee Saxony.

Tug in Russia

Sayidka, by dhamaadka 1706 isbahaysiga oo dhan, soo horjeeda Swedish ah, oo kaliya Russia oo weli la safafka. Laakiin iyada qaddar u muuqday in laga shaabadeeyey. ciidanka reer Charles ku guulaystay in ka badan Ruush ee wajahaada waqti isku mid ah iyo dalalka kale. Haddaba, markii Butros 1 badiyay sokeeye, kaliya mucjiso badbaadin karin boqortooyada Ruush ka total is dhiibin.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Swedish Boqorka Carl 12 heystey arrimaha Polish, Peter 1 suurtagashay in ay ku garaacday off uu taxane ah magaalooyinka Baltic iyo xataa in laga helay deegaanka uu caasimada cusub - St. Petersburg. Dabcan, xaaladan sababtay xanaaqii Boqortooyada Scandinavian. Waxa uu go'aansaday inuu iska leh hal dharbaaxo la cadowga, qabsaday Moscow sameeyo.

Sida in dagaalka ka dhanka ah Poland, ka hor duulaankii ee Charles 12 helay sokeeye. Sida ah saraakiisha add-dhigay Little Ruush Hetman Ivan Mazepa iyo Cossack, qanacsanayn xaddidaadda ay xorriyadda Itobiya Saarka. taageero in Mazeppa door muhim in go'aanka inuu u dhaqaaqo Moscow Charles dhex Little Russia. Ilaa dhawaan, Peter 1 mana ay rumaysan gelin in this, sida waa arrin daacad u ah hetman Cossack ah, laakiin xaqiiqda ah ee heshiiska u dhexeeya boqorka Swedish iyo Mazepa isaga ka badan hal jeer sheegay. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka Waliyeelata Charles 12, loo moodayay in la sameeyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda, oo wakhtigaas ahaa dagaal kula awood u Ruush.

In xilliga dayrta ee 1708 ciidamada Charles 12, galay territory boqortooyada Ruush, kaas oo ugu dhaqsaha badan ahaa si ay u noqdaan Empire Ruush ah. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku Swedish u tageen inay Little Russia, iyo samatabbixinta ka Baltic guuray General Lewenhaupt. Bishii September 1708 uu ka adkaadeen ciidamada Ruush hoos Forest ah, iyo waqti ay ku xirmaan uu madax bannaan oo aan lahayn.

dagaalka ee Poltava

12 Carl (King of Sweden) iyo Peter 1 kulmay 1709 oo dagaalka ku jira ee Poltava, taas oo ah Boqortooyada Scandinavian muddo dhawr bilood ah ayuu hareereeyey. Waxaa dhab ahaantii wuxuu ahaa dagaalkii ugu muhiimsan ee ma aha oo kaliya xilli Gaarna Ruush, Laakiinse go'aankiisa oo dhan of War Northern ah. Battle ahayd kulul, oo soo harta waxaa lagu garkooda in hal jiho, ka dibna dhinaca kale. Ugu dambeyntii, in hanad ee Peter 1 mahad, Sweden ayaa gebi ahaanba jebiyey. Waxay badiyay ku dhawaad 10,000 oo ku dhintay iyo ku dhaawacmay, iyo in ka badan 2.5 kun. Dadka la qabtay.

12 Karl qudhiisu waa la dhaawacay oo dirqi ku baxsaday dadka quduuska ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah ciidanka inuu ka ciqaabtooda. Ka dib markii in, haraadiga ciidanka Swedish casaanka ka at Perevolochna. Sidaas darteed, tirada dadka iswiidhishka maxaabiista kordhay 10-15 Man kun..

dagaalkii taariikhiga ahaa Russia, kaas oo la jajabiyey by 12. Swedish King Carl ku Photos of kaniisadda, taas oo la dhisay xasuusta of this dhacdo weyn on goobta dagaalka, waxaa ku xusan kaalinta.

Sababaha guuldaradii

Laakiin sabab qaar ka mid ah waan badiyay dagaalka ku Carl 12 - boqorka Swedish? Years of boqortooyada Boqortooyada ayaa calaamadeeyay guul ammaan badan, iyo in xaaladaha sii daran. waxa uu ahaa hanad ka mid ah Peter 1?

Dabcan, tayo military Qaranimo Ruushka ayaa door muhiim ah in guushii ay ka gaareen Sweden, laakiin waxaa jiray arrimo kale oo muhiim ah. laba jeer ciidanka Ruush, oo yaabaa in ka badan, u dhaafi doonaan Swedish. Ivan Mazepa, gargaarka ayaa la filayaa sababtoo ah Carl waxa uu awoodi waayay in uu ka dhaadhiciyo inta badan Cossacks ah ilaa dhinaca reer Boqortooyada Sweden. Intaa waxaa dheer, Turkiga waxay ahaayeen degdeg ugu jirin inay caawiyaan.

doorka A weyn ee soo gaartay ee Charles ahaa xaqiiqada ah in guurka dalka reer Russia waxaa isagii la siiyey ma fududa. Oo ciidankiisii gaaray a khasaare ahayn dagaal weyn oo la xidhiidha darnaanta ee xilli ciyaareedka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa si joogto ah ruffled weerarada iyo awr Ruush aan joogto ahayn weerar iyo qarinaya. Sidaas darteed, khasaaraha guud ee ciidanka Swedish waqtiga waajahay Poltava, xisaabay inay muddo ku dhow saddex meelood meel ciidamada. Ka dib markii in, Sweden weli abbaaraha saddex bilood ku hareeraynaysaan si Poltava. Ciidamada Ruush ma aha oo kaliya labo jeer iswiidhishka ee tirada, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jiray xad cusub, in la barbardhigo ciidanka cadowga Xadgubo.

Ha illoobin in halka Karl 12 waqtiga dagaalka, oo hore u ahaa general caan ah, laakiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ahaa sano oo kaliya 27 jir ah, iyo dhalinyarada - saaxiibka soo noqnoqda ee qaladaad dilaa.

Fadhiya Bendery

Dhamaan inta kale ee noloshayda 12 Charles ahaa isku xigta ka mid ah guul iyo dhac. dagaal Poltava noqday nooc ka mid ah Rubicon dhexeeya sano ammaanta iyo Dulli. Ka dib guuldaradii laga cabsado ka gees ah Carl Peter 1 12 carareen dalkii hantida u ahaa saaxiibkeed - Suldaanka Turkish. Boqortooyada Swedish joojiyay magaalada Bendery, in gayiga casriga ah Transnistria.

Luminta ciidankiisii oo dhan, oo ah Boqorka Sweden ayaa lagu qasbay inay la diriraan diblomaasiyadda Ruushka. Wuxuu dirtay Suldaanka Turkish in dagaal u bixi leh Xukunka Ruush. In 1711, dadaalka uu ugu danbeyn doonaan kuwo mira dhal. Inta u dhaxaysa Russia iyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda bilowday dagaal kale. Natiijada ayaa niyad iyada Peter 1: inuu ku dhawaa inuu la qabtay iyo qaar ka mid ah hantidoodii ku waayay. Laakiin Carl oo 12 ka mid ah guul this, Turkiga waxba ku guuleystay. Waxaa intaa dheer, sida ay dunida oo dhan, soo gabagabeeyey in 1713 dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda iyo Russia, boqorka Swedish waxaa qasab ah eryey by the Sultan of hanti Turkish. Waxaa jiray xitaa caawa la Janissaries, taas oo Carl ayaa ku dhaawacmay.

Sayidka dhamaatay muddo afar sanno ah u deggan boqorka Swedish in Bender. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, boqortooyadiisa hoos size si weyn. Waxaa lumay dalka reer Finland, Maraykanka Baltic iyo Germany. In Poland mar kale waxaa boqor ka soo horjeeda qotoda dheer ee Charles 12 - August 2.

Hoyashada

Laba iyo toban maalmood oo 12 Carl gudbay oo dhan of Europe oo magaalada ka mid ah Stralsund gaaray - hanti Swedish xeebta koonfureed ee badda bari. Waxa kaliya waxaa aloosnayd by deenishka. Karl isku dayeen in ay difaacaan magaalada iyadoo ay yar oo ah ciidamada, laakiin ku guuldareystay. Ka dib markii in, inta uusan u dhaqaaqin Sweden si ay u ilaaliyaan oo ay lahaanshaha ugu yaraan in Scandinavia.

Carl sii hawlaha firfircoon ee Norway, taas oo qayb ka ah taajka ee deenishka ahaa. Isla mar ahaantaana, fahamka adayga uu xaaladda, ayuu isku dayay in lagu gabagabeeyo heshiis nabadeed la Russia.

dhimashada

Sida laga soo xigtay version rasmiga ah, Karl 12, ayaa lagu dilay 1718 ee Norway by rasaas wiifto ah, dagaalka ka dhanka ah deenishku. Oo waxaa dhacday in qalcaddii Fredriksten.

Sida laga soo xigtay version kale, uu dhintay wuxuu ahaa natiijada Shirqool aristocracy ee Sweden, kaas oo uu ku qanacsanayn siyaasadda ku guuldareystay shisheeye boqorka.

Waxaa weli waa su'aal qarsoodiga ah ee ku saabsan gacan ku Swedish King Carl 12 sano oo nolosha Boqortooyada this badiyay - ka 1682 si ay u 1718. Dhimasho gaadheen Charles 36 sano.

sifooyinka Guud

nolosha ammaan badan, hodan ah, laakiin muddo yar Swedish Korol Karl 12. Biography, taariikhda ololayaasha iyo dhimashada ayaa loo arkaa in dib u eegis this. taariikhyahanadu intooda badan isku raaceen in Karl 12 ahaa hoggaamiye milatari weyn kuwaas oo ogaa sida loogu guuleysto dagaallada, oo askar baa ka yar cadowga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira uu tabar sidii halyay ah. 12 Karl ayaa awoodi waayay inuu ka aamin barwaaqada mustaqbalka ee Sweden. Horeba intii uu noolaa hor boqortooyadiisa xoog badan waxay bilaabeen inay gooni dhici.

Laakiin, dabcan, Karl 12 waa mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaad ugu fiican taariikhda Swedish.