Taariikhda gobolka Rostov ka soo degsiimooyinka qadiimiga ah in times our. History of Cossacks Don ah

Dalka halkaas oo maanta magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka gobolka Rostov ee wakhtiyadii hore u dhashay magacyo kala duwan. Giriiggii hore waxay u bixiyey Scythians, Stsitiey Romans iyo Dnipro rus - Khazars ah. In qorna ku taariikhaysan qarnigii XIV-XV, waxaa loo yaqaan Field Wild ah. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya inta lagu jiro waqtiga Ivana Groznogo ee isticmaalka u muuqataa magaca taariikhiga ah extant midani lahaanshaha Don Cossacks ─.

deggan Hore ee xeebaha Don ah

Iyadoo lagu tilmaamayo in ay dhibaato baaxad weyn oo caynkaas ah, sida taariikhda gobolka Rostov ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u bilaabaan ka degsiimooyinka Stone Age, raad oo waxaa la helay in noocyo kala duwan oo dhan Don ah. da'da natiijooyinka hore, saynisyahano xisaabiyo 2 milyan oo sano. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this, sida laga soo xigtay iyaga, dadka ugu horeeya ee qadiimiga ah ee ku saabsan bangiyada webiga si.

artifacts helay tirsan muddada ka dib waqti ─ ee loo yaqaan dhaqanka Acheulian helay aqbalo agagaarka 100-150 kun. Years ka hor, ayaa muujinaya, in dadka deggan gobolka this kasban nololeed oo keliya by ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga iyo kulan.

Paleolithic jeer ugaarsadaha

Taariikhda gobolka Rostov lagu jiro Paleolithic Dhexe (40-50 kun. BC. E.), inkastoo by a qalab horumar la taaban karo lagu gartaa, weli waxa kale oo ay muujinaysaa in isha ugu muhiimsan ee hab-nololeedka dadka deggan ee Zaman hadhay ugaarsiga. Excavations muujiyaan in ka fiirsato ka mid ah dadka heer hoose noqday qoraafiga, deerada Rafaa, fardo, orso oo xataa libaaxyo, vodivshiesya ka dibna on bangiyada ee Don ah.

In kuwa aan wakhtiyadii hore u, dadka deggan gobolka Don waxay ahaayeen yah iyo degeen kooxo qabiil, taas oo si weyn u fududeyneysa habsocodka ee ugaarsiga. Reer guuraa, waxayna la mid noqdeen badan ka dib, 16-18 oo keliya kun. Years ka hor, ay sabab u tahay isbeddel ah ee cimilada taas oo horseeday in bixitaanka ee ugu xoolaha badan oo xagga woqooyi. In muddo this, iyo ugu horeysa ee Sixira helay figurines xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka, taasoo muujinaysa asal ahaan ka mid ah noocyada ugu horreeya diinta heer hoose ah.

marxalad cusub bilaabmaa

Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado in ee AD ugu horeeyay ee qarnigii in waxa hadda waa gobolka Rostov ah labada Magaalo ee ─ Tanais iyo Silicon, waa deegaanada Greek la dhisay. Waxaa intaa dheer, in isla mudada badan dalka ay weheliyaan bangiyada oo ka mid ah Don waxaa iska lahaa qadiimiga Kingdom of the Bosporus, deggan oo dheeraad ah in aan qarnigii AD, lahaa fikrad Masiixiga ah oo ay ururka diray back to cidhifyada oo ka mid ah Roman raaca Injiilka waxbaridda. Waxay u yimaadeen sidii dambiilayaasha gobolka, laakiin taasi uma looga hortago si uu u hoggaamiyo wacdinta iyo shaqo adeegayaasha ka mid ah dadka deegaanka.

In muddooyinka dambe ee dhulka ku xiga si ay Don ah, ciduna degganayn oo ay Scythians, Cimmerians, Alans, Sauromats iyo tiro ka mid ah dalalka kale. Kulligood waxay ka tageen raad ay joogaan, mararka qaarkood muujinaya heer aad u sarreeya ka mid ah dhaqanka iyo farsamada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cadaadis ku dadyow badan reer guuraaga ah, si ay u soo guurto bilowgii of our marxalad, ka East in ay West, magaalada qadiimiga ah ku dhacay, iyo ku laayeen mar ku nasanayay dhowr qarniyo cidlada ah u soo jeestay.

From ka imanayaan qabiil Avar ah ka hor duulaankii Turkish

Taariikhda gobolka Rostov muddada qarniyadii dhexe bilaabaa qarnigii IV ah, ka dib markii dhowr qarniyo dalkii cidlay markii ugu horaysay la deggan yahay oo ay Avars, iyo ka dib Khazars ah, iyo iyaga eryay si ay u dhisaan qalcaddayda a Sarkel. Ka dibna, bangiga qarniyadii dhexe ee Don oo dhan u noqday goobta dagaalo joogto ah oo u dhexeeya qabiilooyinka reer guuraaga ah, si ay uga hortagaan dalkan barakaysan mid kasta oo kale. Khazars The eryay ciidamada Ruush, iyo kuwa guuldareysatay inay dhulka ka guulaystay, oo iyaga ku wareejiyey si Pechenegs ah, iyo kuwa, markeeda, ka eryay Cumans ah.

Waxa aan ahaa ilaa qarnigii XIII ah, ilaa dalkii ma aha Don hoostiisa xukunka Horde Golden ah, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, ma hor istaagi karay ciidammadu xoog leh oo arxan Tamerlane, jabinta ay ka qayb-galbeed ahaa. More qarni ah iyadoo ay sabab u daciifaan xad dhaaf ah Horde Golden ah, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah xeebta Badda Azov, gobolka Rostov iyo Badda Waqooyi Black qabsaday Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. Dhisay magaalada tataarka Azak ay baxshay Azov iyo qalcaddii ah milmin jeestay, dagaalka kaas oo socday muddo dhowr qarniyo.

Aasaasidda Cossacks Don ah

Qarnigii XV si looga hortago in horumarinta dheeraad ah oo Turki ah oo qoto dheer galay gobolka Ruush ah, garoonka banjoog ah, ka taagay qalcaddayda iyo soohdinta Zaseki. Markaas waxaa u muuqday degsiimooyinka ugu horeysay ee dadka lacag la'aan ah kaasoo ka gumeysiga kooxaha argagaxisada ee maamulka carareen. Waa iyaga la bilaabin sheekada ee Cossacks Don ah. doorka A weyn waxaa ku jira ciyaaray by Kambayuutarada dhashay Polish-Orthodox Dmitry Ivanovich Vishnevitsky, kuwaas oo lacag dhisay tiro ka mid ah Guryahoodu, mid ka mid ah taas oo ─ Cherkassk - noqday caasimadda ah ee Cossacks Don ah.

qarnigii A ka dib, on Don ah, waxaa jira saddex magaalo yar oo la dhisay by Cossacks ka helay xaaladda xarumaha maamulka ─ Manych, Mityakina iyo muran. Tan iyo markii dalalka maamulka oo ah amiirradii Moscow ma kordhin, ka kooxaha Cossack kala duwan wakiil xor ugu horeysay degna kacay, ugu dhakhsaha badan la aasaasay urur siyaasadeed-military, loo yaqaan Cossacks Don ah.

Waxaa la dhisay on mabaadi'da dimoqraadiyadda dhabta ah iyo anshaxa adag. jagooyinka oo dhan waxaa loo doortay, iyo amarka Ataman sharciga u noqdeen oo dhan. awood wayn yahay golaha Arms goobo ─ daro la kulmay si joogto ah in Cherkassk ─ caasimadda ah ee gobolka Cossack ah.

colaadaha Cossacks dowladda Ruush

Going hoos usha Moscow ee tsars Cossacks, oo muujinaya heerka adeeg ciidan xiran, riyaaqay xoriyad badan ka weyn yahay Russia kale. Waxay ahaayeen ka reeban cashuur la siiyo, oo lacag la'aan ah ka jiray cayn kasta oo waajibaadka iyo, ka gees ah amarrada ee Peter aan, helay xaq u leeyihiin inay xirtaan style hore.

Marka qarnigii XVII-XVIII ka, hal mar dalka oo bilaash ah waxay bilaabeen inay lumiyaan madaxbannaani iyo qayb ka mid ah boqortooyadii Ruushka noqon, ciidanka Don Cossack ayaa laga badiyay ugu mudnaanta, iyo inta badan khilaafka dowladda. The dhacdooyin badan duwanyihiin halganka this ahaa Cossacks ku lug leh tiro ka mid ah kacdoonkii ridayeen iyo dagaallo soo baxay hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Stepana Razina, Emelyan Pugachev iyo Kondrat Bulavin.

muuqaalka kore ee labo xarumood weyn ee Cossacks Don ah

Macna ma laha inta horjeeda in Cossacks ah, laakiin muddo ka dib ay lagu daray ciidamada qalabka sida ee Empire Ruush ah oo ku saabsan xuquuqda ciidamada aan joogto ahayn oo ka qeyb qaatay dagaallo dhan ku xiga. In 1749 amarka Empress Catherine II on Dhiniciisa Midig, Don ah, oo u dhow kulanka webiyaasha u Temernik, caadooyinka van la dhisay, oo mar dambe - qalcaddayda ah, loo magacaabay in sharaf of St. Dimitriya Rostovskogo. Waxay dhashay magaalada, soo sameeyey agagaarkeedii ku wareegsan iyo aad u hesho magaca Rostov-on-Don.

Bilowga ee qarnigii soo socda, caasimadda ah ee Don Cossack ciidamada guurtay cusub, aasaasay on hindisaha magaalada Ataman Matvei Platov ─ Novocherkassk. statistics Aad u muujinta of sano kuwa, taasoo muujinaysa koror aan caadi ahayn oo degdeg ah ku laayeen dadka. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka, at Warega oo ka mid ah XVIII iyo qarnigii XIX Cossacks ma ka badnaan 225 kun. Dadka, halka qarnigii badh waana ay korodhay in ka badan soohay oo waxay gaadhay 775 kun.

Nolosha gobolka Don ee qarnigii XIX ah

In qarnigii XIX ah, xarun ciidan iyo maamul ee ugu weyn ee Cossacks Don ah Novocherkassk noqday, halka magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn ee Rostov-on-Don ayaa helay muuqaalada xarunta weyn ganacsiga iyo warshadaha. By Nicholas I ee 1835 dhulka oo dhan ee gobolka ayaa waxa loo qaybiyay 7 degmo: 1aad Don, Don 2 nd, Cherkasy, Miusskaya, Donetsk, Hoporsky iyo Ust-Medvedetsky. Bishii Janaayo 1870 ayaa lagu sameeyey xad guud ee dowladda ee Senate, iyadoo ay ku saleysan taas oo, galay isticmaalka magac cusub ─ cidhifka martigeliyaha Don ah, sii raagayaan ilaa 1918.

Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii qarnigii XIX ee sabab u ah kororka fiiqan ee dadweynaha, kaas oo kor ku qoran, waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan nooc cusub oo ah dejinta ─ beerta, oo ka kooban hal, ugu yaraan dhowr yards ka beer ka go'ay. By dhamaadka qarnigii tiradoodu gaadhay 1820 unugyada. The dalagyada ugu muhiimsan ee tuulada koray iyo dadka deegaanka oo ka mid ah Cossack tuulooyinka ─ dejinta, kaas oo ka mid ahaa tiro badan oo qoysaska - sarreenka ahaa bixisey in suuqa gudaha iyo dibadda.

War The Civil iyo sannadaha soo socda

History of Cossacks Don ee qarnigii XX waxaa ka buuxa dhacdooyin dhab ah riwaayado. Muddo yar ka dib October Revolution ku saabsan bangiyada oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta Don qabtay Bolsheviks ah oo naadiyey in la aasaaso Jamhuuriyadda Don Soviet. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu socday wax ka yar sanad ka dib markii ay ku dhacaan in September 1918 siiyey si ay a state cusub oo madax banaan ─ Great Don ciidamada, la aasaasay oo ku saleysan go'aanka ka mid ah ciidamada of goobada.

Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Don ku lahaa dabeecad gaar culus oo lagu hoobtay, sida gobolka waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah xarumaha dhaqdhaqaaqa White ah, iyo waxa ay halkan waa, in siyaabo badan, qaddar ee mustaqbalka Russia ee. Ka dib guuldaradii of Whites, iyo abuuritaanka awood Soviet, Great Don Army joogsatay si uu u jiro, oo ku laayeen waxaa magacooda loo baxshay gobolka Don ah, xarunta of taas oo ahayd magaaladii Rostov-on-Don.

Muddadan, Cossacks ku dhuftay badan oo cidhiidhi. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid noqday dhibanayaasha cadaadis by madaxda dowladda cusub ku qaadeen. Kuwa iyaga ka mid ah, kuwaas oo lahaa fursad ay ku badbaadaan on xilli eryay iyo Decossackization ku jiray oo dhan laga soo saaray oo ay maraan jidkii caadaysi nolosha, oo lagu xukumay jiritaanka a murugaysan.

dagaalka ee "Caucasus Gate"

xaqiiqooyin badan oo xiiso leh waxaa ku jira taariikh ee gobolka Rostov ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. Waxaa la og yahay in, uu qorshaha caan "Barbarossa", Hitler bixisay fiiro gaar ah in hawlgallada mileteri ee gobollada koonfureed ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

doorka A weyn waxaa isagii la siiyey iyo qabashada Rostov-on-Don in, maadaama ay tahay nooc ka mid ah albaab si Caucasus. Madaxa Reich Saddexaad uu ahaa sidaas ku kalsoon in guusha howlgalka la qorsheeyey, in xitaa ka hor inta dillaacay cadaawadda lagu amray in ay reexaanta biladda maarta "Waayo Ciidamada ee Rostov." Waxaa lagu tuuray 13 qaybsanaanta, oo waxaa ku dhex jiray ciidamo Talyaani Expeditionary in ay sameeyaan amar ku Fuhrer ee.

In muddo ah ka soo October 1941 ilaa Agoosto 1943 Rostov-on-Don iyo aagga oo dhan ku wareegsan noqday goobta dagaalka kululayd. Waayo, geesinimada iyo aqan muujiyey inta ay jiraan hawlgallada mileteri ee sannadahaas, 11 cutub military Soviet oo helay horyaalka ee "Don". Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah lugta, madaafiic, hubkiisa iyo hawada unugyada.

The isku day of nooleenta Cossacks ka

In sano ee soo socda burburkii USSR ah, waxaa loo qoondeeyey habka of nooleenta Cossacks Don ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed muuqday tiro ka mid ah ururada dadweynaha dhawaaqay Ujeedada of xal waxqabad ay dhibaatadan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa shaki ku jirin in qaar ka mid ah loo isticmaalo Calaamooyinka Cossack ee go'doomin ka xigta dhabta ah, sababaha kuwaas oo weli waa inay fahmaan taariikhyahan.

Qaab-dhismeedka haatan ee gobolka Rostov iyo hoggaamiyayaasheeda

Currently, sida waafaqsan sharciga ku saabsan horyaalka heerka maamul-dhuleed ee gobolka Rostov, waxay ka kooban tahay 12 degmo oo magaalooyinka iyo 43 degmo degmo. Intaa waxaa dheer, on dhulkeeda waxaa jira 18 degsiimooyinka magaalooyinka iyo miyiga 380. magaalada naftiisa Rostov-on-Don waxaa ka mid ah 8 goobood: Soviet, Pervomaisky, Lenin, tareenka, Proletarian, October, Voroshilov iyo Kirov.

Marka 1991 ee Ruushka la soo bandhigay by xukunka taliyihii, taliyaha koowaad ee gobolka Rostov waxa uu noqday siyaasi caan ah Soviet iyo post-Soviet muddada Kuub Vladimir Fedorovich. At uu isaga ku sugnaa ilaa June 2010. Marka la dhameeyo ee uu muddada xilka this post qaaday Golubev Vasiliy Yurevich, kan ah Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Rostov ee taariikhda.