United Arab Republic oo ay ka kooban. jubbadda hubka iyo lacagta birta ah ee United Arab Republic ah

United Arab Republic waxaa la dhisay 1958 oo qayb ka ah Masar iyo Suuriya, iyo ilaa 1961, markii dambe ka baxeen ka dib markii afgambi. Masar la sii waday in si rasmi ah loo yaqaan United Arab Republic ilaa 1971.

DULUCDA isku

February 1, 1958 koox ka mid ah madaxda siyaasadda iyo ciidamada Suuriya bixiyeen in Madaxweynaha dalka Masar ku biirto Gamal Abdel Nasser ee labada dal sida tallaabadii ugu horaysay ee jidka loo maro gobolka digsiga-Arab weyn.

Dareen in ay midoobaan oo dhan baadiyaha ah ayaa dhaqan ahaan ahaa mid aad u xoog badan ee Suuriya, iyo Nasser ahaa hoggaamiye caan ah oo dunida Carabta ka dib markii War Suez ee 1956. Xisbiga SF Carabta Renaissance (Baath) ahaa horurimarineed ugu weyn ee ururka noocan oo kale ah.

Iyadoo in Suuriya, waxaa jira khilaaf u dhexeeya xoojinta ay booska Communists iyo xisbiga ayaa talada haya Baath xisbiga, taas oo uu soo maray dhibaatooyin gudaha ah oo ka kaas oo xubnihiisa caan ah ayaa doonay inuu soo helo badbaadada qaab isbahaysi la Masar. Suuriya ayaa dal dimuqraadi ah tan iyo markii la afgembiyey taliskii milatariga ee 1954, laakiin ciidamada sii waday in ay ka ciyaaraan door xukuma dalka heer kasta. Tani ma ku haboon ee burjiga iyo nugul talisnimo Nasser, kuwaas oo u hawaystay in ka mid noqoshada buuxda ee Suuriya ee hadda ku hoos uu hoggaanka, nidaamka "Masar" ee dawladda.

ururka Start

marka la eego Final for Nasser Midowga ahaayeen muhiim ah oo ee aan gorgortan:

• afti on midoobidda taageerada dadka ee labada dal,
• diridooda ku ah dhinacyada;
• bixitaanka ciidanka siyaasadda.

Iyadoo aftida u muuqatay qiyaas macquul ah inta badan aqoonyahanada dalka Syria, ee la soo dhaafay laba shuruudaha ay aad u naxay. Dad badan ayaa rumaystay in ay korsato baabbi'in kari lahaa nolosha siyaasadeed ee Suuriya. Inkastoo walaac kuwaas, madaxda Suuriya ogaaday in ay ahayd goor danbe in ay dib u noqdaan. Elite ee Suuriya waxaa loo arkaa ku biirto la Masar sida yar laba waxyaalood oo shar, oo macneheedu yahay in ay iska caabin saamaynta xoojinta of Communists ah. Waxay rumaysan yahay in xaaladaha Nasser ahaayeen cadaalad darro, laakiin, siin cadaadis xoogan ay gudaha dalkiisa, aaminsan yahay in ay lahaayeen ma doorasho kale.

Madaxweynaha dalka Masar Nasser oo amiirka reer Suuriya Kuatli 01/02/1958 la saxiixay heshiis hordhac ah si ay u milmaan dalalka ay ka soo jeedaan. Inkasta oo cadayn u saxiixay ka dhigan tahay in United Arab Republic waa ka Masar iyo Suuriya, laakiin carabka ku adkeeyay in in UAR geli kartaa mid ka mid ah dalalka Carabta. Lagu qabtay isla bishaas, labada dal u xaqiijiyay in ay taageero aftida Midowga dadyowga ay.

Nasser noqday Madaxweynaha United Arab Republic ah, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan bilaabay cadaadis ka dhanka ah Communists Suuriya iyo soo horjeeda ee ururka, kuwaas oo meesha ka saaray ka xilalkoodii.

dhaqanka dhabta ah ee dhismaha nidaamka siyaasadeed SAR

Taageerayaasha ururka la rumeysan yahay in Masar Nasser isticmaalaa xisbiga Baath ay tahay in la xakameeyo Suuriya (sawirka waxaa hoos lagu muujiyay in shirkadda la aasaasay xisbiga ee 1958). Nasiib darro, waayo Baathists, uu qorsheheenu wuxuu ahaa in aan awood wadaagaan si siman duway Masriyiinta iyo reer Suuriya. Nasser aasaasay dastuurka ku meelgaarka ah ee cusub, sida laga soo xigtay oo United Arab Republic ayaa helay Golaha Qaranka (Baarlamaanka) ee 600 xubnood (400 ka Masar iyo 200 oo ka Syria), iyo kala diri dhammaan dhinacyada siyaasadda Suuriya, oo ay ku jiraan Baath ah. xisbiga kaliya ee sharciga ah ee United Arab Republic ahaa pro-Madaxweynaha Midowga Qaranka.

Suuriya iyo Masar jira laba qaybood oo aan qummanaynu UAR

Inkastoo Nasser iyo xubnaha hore ee la oggol yahay ee xisbiga Baath si mashquulin meel caan ku ah dhismayaashii of xoog, laakiin waxay marna gaadhay in maamulka miisaanka dalalka iyaga u gaar ah sida saraakiisha Masaarida. In xilliga qaboobaha iyo xilliga guga ee 1959-60kii GG. Nasser si tartiib ah "qallocan soo baxay" ee caanka ah reer Suuriya inay xilal muhiim ah. Wasaaradda Suuriya ee Warshadaha, tusaale ahaan, toddoba ka mid ah saddex iyo toban jagooyinka waxaa ka buuxsamay by Masriyiinta. Petroleum Maamulka Guud, afar ka mid ah lix madaxda sare ahaayeen Masriyiinta.

diinta dhaqaale UAR

Bishii June 1960-kii, Nasser isku dayay in hirgalinta habaynta dhaqaalaha in ay ahayd in la keeno dhaqaalaha Suuriya ku salaysan hantida gaarka loo leeyahay, inay Masar, oo ku salaysan Lagaga ee dawladda ku dhex jira. Nasser bilowday ruxruxo aan horay loo arag ee qaramayn ee Suuriya iyo Masar. Xaaladdan oo kale, opinion ee aqoonyahanada dalka Syria tiray. All ganacsiga suuf ah la saaray gacanta dowladda, waxaa sidoo kale ay la dhan shirkadda-dhoofinta. Nasser dhawaaqay qaramayn ee bangiyada, shirkadaha caymiska iyo warshadaha oo dhan culus. Qoondeysnaa ka badan 100 feddans (1 feddan = 4200m ²⁾ waxaa waajib ah in ay ka baxaan milkiilayaasha (foomka ku waani "dekulakization" in Carabi). Canshuurta yaroow ayaa lagu soo maratay hoos u vpolot si ay u dhamaystiraan la baabiiyo, mararka qaarkood. canshuurta Devyanostoprotsentny ayaa lagu rakibay on dakhliga dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa 10,000 pounds dalka Masar. Shaqaalaha iyo shaqaalaha ayaa la dhigey maamulka shirkada iyo xaq u leeyihiin inay helaan 25% faa'iidada ay. Waqtiga celceliska ah ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay toddoba saacadood iyada oo aan la yareeyo mushaharka.

dareenka Dhererka antiegipetskih

Ma aha qof kasta jeclaa in Suuriya Isbadal la mid ah in ruuxa "hantiwadaagga Carabta". Saraakiisha ciidanka Suuriya neceen booskiisa hoose horteeda oo ka mid ah saraakiisha Masaarida, iyo qabiilooyinka Baadiyaha Syria ayaa lacag ka Saudi Arabia helay si looga hortago in ka noqday daacad u ah Nasser. Intaa waxaa dheer, dib u habaynta dhulka ee style Masar keentay in marakay dhacdey of beeraha Syria, Communists mar kale bilaabay in ay helaan saamayn, iyo waxgaradka xisbiga Baath ah, kaas oo markii hore taageeray ururka bedelay niyadda.

Isla mar ahaantaana in Masar, xaaladda ka wanaagsan la sii kordhaya GDP by 4.5% iyo weynna u kobcay warshadaha ee loo marayo horumarinta ee ay suuqa Suuriya. Tani waxay sidoo kale gacan ka koritaanka carada ee Suuriya.

Xiriirka deriska

United Arab Republic ayaa dhowaan la sameeyey ayaa lagu arkaa halis adag ku tahay boqortooyooyinka daris ah (waqti) - Ciraaq iyo Jordan. Suuriya waxaa loo arkaa in uu yahay il a of labada boqortooyinkii hurin kacaanka iyo hoy u ah shirqoolkii simaha Boqor Jordan ku Hussein iyo Boqortooyada Ciraaq Faisal II. Masar waxaa guud ahaan loo arko cadaw gobolka West ah, si ay u taageeraan labada taliskii monarchical. Sidaa darteed, United Arab Republic iyo Urdun, tixgeliyo by Ciraaq sida soo horjeeda si toos ah. Labada dal waxay leeyihiin isbahaysiga ciidamada horay antinaserovsky amarka midaysan military iyo miisaaniyad difaaca hal waxaa la aasaasay bishii February 1958, 80% ah taas oo ahayd in ay bixiyaan Ciraaq oo ka hartay 20% - Urdun. Dhab ahaantii, waxaa jiray xiriirka labada dal, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si deg deg ah u dhacay marka laga reebo.

Aan furfurnayn soo dhaweeyay abuurka UAR iyo in deriska Lubnaan, kuwaas oo madaxweynaha, Kamil Shamun, waxaa ka soo horjeeda Nasser. In dalka, dagaallo ka qarxay inta u dhexeysa taageerayaasha goysiga in United Arab Republic iyo taageerayaasha xornimada.

Revolution ee Ciraaq

July 14, 1958 Saraakiisha dalka Ciraaq fuliyeen inqilaab oo wuxuuna rogay Boqortooyada ee dalka. Nasser isla markiiba aqoonsaday dowladda cusub oo uu sheegay in "weerar kasta oo ku saabsan Ciraaq uu noqon doono ay xiranyihiin oo weerar lagu qaaday United Arab Republic ah." Maalintii xigtay, Marines Maraykanka oo ciidamo British degay Lubnaan iyo Jordan in ciidamada weerarka pronaserovskih ilaaliyo labada dal.

Nasser maleeyey in United Arab Republic ayaa waxaa ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ku daray xubin cusub - Ciraaq. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoggaanka Ciraaq cusub, maxaa yeelay, qaddar ee dhigooda Suuriya ee United Arab Republic ah, ma waxay ahayd mid gaabis ah in la siiyo ilaa xoog. Iyo sannadkii 1959, Ciraaq Ra'iisul Wasaaraha u baxsaday dalka joojiyay oo dhan wadahadalo on goysiga in United Arab Republic ah.

In 1963, ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay Suuriya iyo Ciraaq, wakiillo ka socda xisbiga Baath ah, isku day cusub oo ay ku midoobaan dalalkaas iyo Masar ayaa la qabtey. Xitaa madaxda saddexda dal saxiixay baaqii wadajir on abuuritaanka Federation. Laakiin markaas keenida ma guurin sababtoo ah qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya dalalka ku saabsan dalka gosustroystve cusub.

Burburkii ka mid ah SAR iyo Cidday

September 28, 1961 Koox ka mid ah saraakiisha martigeliso inqilaab oo sheegatey madaxbannaanida, laga United Arab Republic of Syria. Inkastoo madaxda afgambi waxay ahaayeen diyaar u ah inay sii jiritaanka Midowga on xaaladaha qaarkood in riday Suuriya wey siman la Masar, laakiin Nasser diiday tanaasul this. Waxa uu asal ahaan loogu talo galay in ciidamada inuu rido dawladda cusub soo dir, lakiin waxa uu diiday in arrintan loo sameeyo sida ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaa lagu wargeliyay in ugu dambeeya ee xulafadiisa ee Suuriya aqoonsatay dowladda cusub. Hadalkiisu daba kacaanka Suuriya, Nasser shaaca ka qaaday in uu marna ay gool ka mid ah isbahaysiga final digsiga-Arab siin lahaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu marnaba gaari doonaan horumarka cusub ee la taaban karo goolka this.

Nasser rajeeyaa nooleenta ee Midowga, ka muuqataa in xaqiiqda ah in intii uu Masar la sii waday in loo yaqaan "SAR", kaas oo socday ilaa 1971.

isku day cusub oo ay u midoobaan dalalka Carabta aqbaleen in ay 70s, hogaamiyaha Libya Muammar Gaddafi. Sida natiijo ah oo dadaal uu yimid Federation of Jamhuuriyadaha Arab 1971 (AFD) oo qayb ka ah Libya, Masar iyo Suuriya, kaas oo socday ilaa 1977 (sawirka hoose hoggaamiyayaasha saddexda dal saxiixay heshiis on Federation). Waxbarashada Tani waxa ay ahayd dabiiciga ah declarative, wax kasta oo gacanta ku PAR guud ma jirin, iyo dalalka xubnaha ka ah si joogto ah doonayeen inay ku tirinnaa gaashaanbuur laba geesood ah (Libya, Masar, Syria, Masar) gudahood xiriirka. Liibiya iyo Masar iyo xataa lahaa xoogaa in la sameeyo qaar ka mid ah dagaal ee 1977, xubnaha ka haray FAR ah.

United Arab Republic: jubbadda hubka iyo calanka

UAR ansixiyay calan ku salaysan design ee calanka Arab Liberation ka soo kiciyey inta lagu guda jiro dalka Masar Revolution ee 1952, laakiin laba xiddigood oo ka dhigan labada qaybood ee United Arab Republic ah. Tan iyo 1980, isagu waa kan rasmiga ah ee calanka of Syria. In 1963, Ciraaq ansixiyay calan in ay ahayd ku dhowaad isku mid ah in calanka of United Arab Republic horeba waa baaba'ay, laakiin saddex xiddigood, oo wakiil ka ah rajada ah in dal midaysan bogsan doonaan.

SAR ahaa shuluggii hubka, tirada dhexe kuwaas oo sidaasayna ahaatay. Yeero. Eagle ee Saladin - gorgor, Celin ay khuseyso Bas-gargaarka on derbiga galbeedka Shuushan oo Qaahira ka dhisay by Saladin ah. On naaska gorgorka oo kale waa u gaashaan saddex doonistiisu ahayd toosan midab - casaan iyo caddaan iyo madow, iyo laba xiddigood oo doog ah in karbaash xarunta caddaan ah. Kuwani afar midabo kala yihiin sidaas. Yeero. "Midabada Pan-Arab", oo waxay ahaayeen midabada calanka kala duwan ee midowga Carabta.

xirmado A cagaaran ee haadeed gorgor sumadooda qorraa in warqado Carabi. "United Arab Republic"

Waa maxay lacag ayaa waxbarashada dadweynaha socda, sida United Arab Republic ah? Qadaadiic ee madaahibta mid pound dalka Masar iyo hal Pound Suuriya aragti ahaan waxay leeyihiin wareegga siman ee United Arab Republic ah, inkasta oo ay u isticmaalaan dhabta ah ayaa ku kooban qaybaha muhiimka ah ee dalka.
photo kor ku xusan ayaa muujinaya qadaadiic ah mid pound, sii daayay in United Arab Republic ah (Masar) ee 1970 geeridii Madaxweyne Nasser ka dib.