Ururinta ee dunida ugu weyn ee farshaxan Ruush - Museum Ruush ah (farshaxanka)

Markii hore, Museum Ruush ah, farshaxanka, kaas oo wakiil ururinta ee dunida ugu weyn ka mid ah tahay Ruush, lagu uuraysan sida ururinta sayidkooda gaar Ruush.

Bilaabeen

Museum waxaa la aasaasay by amarka Nicholas II ee 1895, oo helay horyaalka ee "Ruush Museum of Emperor Alexander III». Waa maxay sababta? Maxaa yeelay, fikradda ah Abuurkiisa iska yaqaanaa in uu waddani Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov. Si taas loo gaaro, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ka iibsan baxay oo durriyadii Mikhail Pavlovich Romanov Mikhailovsky Palace, sida-ayeeyo weyn ee Paul waxaan muddo dheer muwaadiniinta Germany iyo Russia xidhan hantidooda oo kaliya. Alexander III ku dhintay 1894, iyo 1895 Nicholas II, kaasoo fulinta doonistii aabbihiis, iibsaday khasnadda madaxtooyada iyo aasaasay Madxaf Ruush. Farshaxanka, waayo, waxaa laga dhowr khasnadihii Ruush helay.

badalkooda ugu horeysay ee

Tirada ugu badan ee farshaxankiisa siiyey Ruush Academy of Arts iyo Hermitage, siday u kala horreeyaan, 122 iyo 80 farshaxanka. Laga soo bilaabo Winter iyo labada daaraha waaweyn oo hareeraheeda ah (Gatchina iyo Alexander) helay 95 shuqullada. Ruush Museum, kuwaas oo farshaxankiisa furitaanka guud ahaan on sanadka ahayd 445 unug, 148 farshaxankiisa ka ururin gaar ahaaneed helay. Wiilashii ugu weyn ee dakhliga la siiyo AB Lobanov-Rostovsky, Diblomaasi Ruush, kuwaas oo qoyska ka Rurik amiirku ka yimid, iyo M. K. Tenishevoy, Princess, gargaare, taas oo ahayd fannaaniinta dhaldhalaalka. Fikradda ah ee abuuraya matxaf farshaxanka Ruush ayaa dhacay wax badan in ay ka jeelahay ee taageerayaasha of art, in jiritaankeeda ururinta ayaa labanlaabmay 10 sano. lacag Deposit sabab u yihiin in lacagta khasnadda dawladda, taas aawadeed, iyo iyada oo deeqo.

The doorbiday ugu yaraan siyaasadeed

In ka sano ee ugu horeeya ka dib markii matxafka si degdeg ah u koray kharash ku ururin gaar ahaaneed ay la. Museum Ruush The, rinjiyeynta ka soo gaaray tiro badan oo ay sabab u tahay waxqabad ah oo jirey ka 1921 si ay u 1928 Museum Fund Gobolka. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1925, farshaxankiisa ee ururinta museum ee horey u ahaa 3648. Waa in la ogaadaa in inta lagu guda jiro sano oo dagaal iyo go'doominta ma yeelin mid nuqul ah farshaxankiisa museum ee ku kaydsan dhulka hoostiisa iyo laga saaray in ka badan 7.5 kun. In Perm. In dhammaan sano ee jiritaanka of a degan jacayl gaar ah waa museum Ruush waa on Neva ah. sawir St. Petersburg ee meelo ay caansan dunida ee had iyo jeer soo ururiyey ugu fiican. Oo isna wuxuu u awoodi kari waayay, iyagoo caasimadda ah ee boqortooyadiisa wayn hodan. Hermitage waa mid ka mid ah 10 ugu wanaagsan ee matxafyada ee dunida. Laakiin dhismaha, dhismaha ugu weyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada waqooyiga, on qararka ee Canal Griboyedov ah, Dhisidda 2, aan loogama qaadi of fame kasta oo dunida oo dhan iyo dareenka, mana jacaylka oo dhan Russia.

The trove khasnad halyeeyga

Ruush Museum, taasoo sawiro ay qabanayaan si fiican u yaqaan? Tan iyo furitaanka ee March 1898 ilaa maantadan la joogo koobnaan ku saleysan uu ogolaado marka hore. Gaar ahaan kala saari karaa shuqullada Karla Bryullova ka masterpieces Hermitage ah, I. I. Ivanova, F. A Bruni oo I. K. Ayvazovskogo. khasnadihii sida "maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee lana kulmay" ama "The Ninth Wave", ku riyoon karaan oo kaliya ee khasnadda dunida ee farshaxanka.

Argunova farshaxankiisa dhiman iyo Levitsky, Venetsianov iyo Kiprensky, Tropinin iyo Fedotov oo ka Academy of Arts yimid. No rinjiile Ruush, shuqulladiisa oo ma lahaa Museum Ruush ah. Aivazovsky farshaxankiisa oo soo ururay oo tiro hoolka 9 - mid ka mid ah qorayaasha maamulaha of ururinta.

Aivazovsky - mid ka mid ah alaab waaweyn ee taajka

Waxaa ka mid ah farshaxankiisa dunida caan rinjiile badda ee dhinacyada soo ururinta ee Museum Ruush ah oo waxaa jira shiraac ah oo ku saabsan taas oo muujinaysa kuwo Yuudas khiyaanay waqtiga Masiixa iyaga. Waxaa aad u qurux badan soo afjarmay, waxaa jira views cajiib ah Vesuvius. Laakiin, dabcan, ugu quruxda badan yihiin farshaxankiisa sooco oo badda, oo Baltiga iyo Mediterranean. Wakhti kasta oo ah maalintii, oo markii Iyo dayaxa iyo tiray qorraxda dhalaalaya - badda Aivazovsky wanaagsan. In Museum Ruush doorashada la yaab leh shuqulladiisa, badda in duufaan oo kale, oo la is dajiyaan dhamaystiran, markabka la taago oo cidhiidhi iyo kibir taagan waddooyinka, schooner cidlo iyo koox dad ah oo dhan, maraakiibta dvadtsatipushechnye iyo doonyo kalluumaysi - Mariny Ayvazovskogo ah kuwo gaar ah, gaar ah, delicious, oo ay badan. Dhanka kale, waxaad la hadli kartaa ee ku saabsan shiraaqiina, shiday by qorraxda ka xaglo kala duwan, oo u dhow iyo jid toosan.

sare ee hal-abuurka

Guud ahaan, Museum Ruush ku yaal in ka badan 20 farshaxankiisa of this artist weyn, oo loo yaqaan for ay dhaxal ahaan u weyn. St. Petersburg Museum leeyahay "usheeda dhexe sagaalaad". shiraac ah halyeeyga, rinjiyeeyay 1850, waa rinjiyeynta ugu caansan ee artist ee. Mid ka mid ah farshaxankiisa ugu caansan tahay Ruush, oo la odhan jiray, tan iyo asalka ah, ku dhiirri-galiyay in ay qoraan gabayo ma aha gabayaa, labada gudaha iyo dibadda. Gaar ahaan caansan waa aayaadka Baratynsky qoran hoos aragti ah ee masterpiece this. Hirarkii Abwaan badda quduus khadadka soo socda: "... dhulkuna wuu gariirayaa isaga ka hor, ayuu Tirraa samada, iyagoo baalashooda ku weyn ..."