Qarax neutron iyo doorkeeda ee "tartanka hubka"

Ku dhowaad dhammaan dadka Soviet, bal xusuuso sidii dowladda ee 1980, muwaadiniinta cabsi hub cusub oo laga cabsado soo hindiseen "kharribmayo shuuciyad". Wararka Siyaasadeed ee hay'adaha iyo macalimiinta dugsiga in midabada ugu xun ku tilmaamay khatarta ah in dhammaan nolosha ayaa bam neutron ah, wuxuu geliyey adeeg oo dalka Mareykanka ah. ka ma si ay u qariyaan Jeelal dhulka hoostiisa ama hoy la taaban karo. Laga soo bilaabo waxa aan waxba badbaadin doonaa xabada iyo ilaalinta more raagaya. All noolaha haddii ay dhacdo shaqo joojinta, dhiman, halka dhismayaasha, biriijyo iyo hababka, marka laga reebo in xuddunta u ah qaraxa, sii joogi doonaa dhawrsan. Sayidka, dhaqaalaha xoogga dalka ee hantiwadaagga horumariyo dhici doonaan gacmaha ciidamada Maraykanka soo galay.

Qarax neutron uga hornimaadno oo gebi ahaanba u dhaqmeen on mabda'a ka duwan hydrogen ee qaaradda, ama "Boqor-qarax", taas oo ah han USSR. Inta lagu guda jiro qaraxa thermonuclear dhacdaa warshadu hawada awood shucaac kulaylka iyo hirarka lama filaan ah. Atamka sita amarka, dhufatid galay walxaha, gaar ahaan biraha, iyaga waxaa ka mid ah in is dhexgalka lagu qabtay iyaga by, laakiin maxaa yeelay ciidamada cadowga in qarin dambeeya baarida biraha waa ammaan.

Ogow in dadka rayidka ah ama Soviet mana ciidamada Maraykanka hal mar fikirka, oo dhan fikirrada horumarinta ee cusub noocyada kala duwan ee hubka ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu dumiyo awoodda ciidamada cadowga.

Laakiin qarax neutron ah, mashruuca ah in la horumariyo Semyuel Koen, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, ka dib 1958, waa amarka isku dar ah ee isotopes radioactive ah hydrogen: deuterium iyo tritium gaar ahaan. Qaraxa ayaa la sii daayay tiro badan oo neutrons - qayb ka leeyihiin lacag la'aan. Sida dhexdhexaad ah, ka duwan atamka, ay si deg deg ah dhex gasho iyada oo caqabado jirka adag oo dareere ah, keeno dhimasho organics kaliya. Sidaa darteed, hub sida ayaa loo magacaabay by Pentagon "dadnimo."

Sida kor ku xusan, qarax neutron la Been abuurtay ee konton konton goor dambe. Bishii Abriil 1963, waxaa lagu fuliyay ay imtixaanka ugu horeysay guul goobta. Tan iyo bartamihii-70s la eedeeyay madaxyada neutron ayaa lagu rakibay on nidaamka American ee difaaca ka dhanka ah gantaalaha Soviet on salka Grand Forks ee gobolka North Dakota. Waa maxay sidaas naxay dowladda Soviet, markii bishii August 1981 Golaha Ammaanka ee Maraykanka ayaa ku dhawaaqay wax soo saarka mass of qarax neutron ah? Ka dib oo dhan, waxaa horay loo isticmaalo by Ciidamada Mareykanka ku dhawaad labaatan sannadood!

Waayo, hadalkiisaa ku Kremlin ee ku saabsan "nabadda ee dunida" dareen in dhaqaalaha gaarka loo leeyahay ma aha awoodaan in ay "jiid" kharashka dhismaha ciidamada-warshadaha qarinaayay. Indeed, tan iyo dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ee USSR iyo Maraykanka si joogto ah tartamaya si ay u abuuraan hub cusub oo awood u baabbi'iyeen cadowga ka iman kara. Sayidka, abuurka bam qaaradda by Maraykanka keentay in wax soo saarka ee lacag isku mid ah oo ay side tu-4 ee USSR. On weerarka Ruush - gantaal nuclear Intercontinental "R-7A" - Americans ka jawaabtay gantaal "Titan-2".

Sida "our jawaab Chamberlain" 1978, Kremlin amartay Qubarada Atoomikada ee xarunta qarsoodi ah "Arzamas-16" si ay u horumariyaan oo soo bandhigo hub neutron qoyska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan ahaa ciidanka hoos ilaa qabsado oo uu gaadhaa Maraykanka. Ilaa hadda, oo kaliya horumarinta shaybaarka dhacay, Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan ku dhawaaqay in 1983 abuurka ah ee barnaamijka "Star Wars." Marka la barbar dhigo barnaamijkan hami, qaraxii, xataa ay la socoto lacag neutron ka muuqatay toogtay of risaasta carruurta. Sida Americans takhalusin hub huriye, iyo saynisyahano Ruush halmaamay ku saabsan.