Ururka dhismaha oo ka mid ah heerarka Britain protein: Qaabkadhismeedka sare ah protein ah

The salaysan qaab-dhismeedka borotiinada iyo proteids of silsilad polypeptide ah, iyo Britain borotiinka ka koobnaan kartaa mid, laba ama in ka badan wareeggeedii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guryaha jireed, noolaha iyo kiimikada ee biopolymers waxaa keena oo keliya ma aha qaab-dhismeedka guud kiimiko oo laga yaabo a "macna lahayn", laakiin sidoo kale by heerarka kale ee ururka ee u taagoo protein ah.

Dhismaha hoose ee borotiin ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa ka kooban oo tayo iyo tiroba of amino acid. bonds Peptide waa saleysan qaab dhismeedka hoose. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee la xiqiijiyay in this soo jeediyay in 1888 A. Ya Danilevsky., Iyo ka dib shaki uu la xaqiijiyay by ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee peptides oo waxaa lagu fuliyaa by E. Fischer. Dhismaha taagoo protein si faahfaahsan baaritaan A. Ya. Danilevskim iyo E. Fischer. Sida laga soo xigtay aragtida this, taagoo protein waxay ka kooban yihiin tiro badan oo ah harta amino acid taas oo ku xiran yihiin silsilado peptide. Britain protein laga yaabaa in mid ama ka badan silsilado polypeptide.

Marka dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee borotiinada loo isticmaalo ee walxaha kiimikada imtixaanka iyo falgalka proteolytic. Sayidka, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka of Edman waa mid aad u habboon in la aqoonsado acids amino terminal.

Dhismaha dugsiga sare ee borotiinka muujinaysaa qaabeynta ah aan ollogga ah ee Britain protein ah. Waxaa jira kuwa soo socda noocyada dhismeedka sare: Alfa-galool, beta-muquuninta, galool collagen. Qubarada ayaa lagu ogaaday in ugu caan-dhismeedka Alfa-galool ee peptides ah.

Dhismaha dugsiga sare ee borotiinka la dejiyo by yahay silsilado hydrogen. Arintaan kac u dhexeeya atamka hydrogen addoonsi in la eb electronegative nitrogen ka mid ah bond peptide, iyo eb oxygen carbonyl oo ka mid ah mid afraad ee acids amino ay a, oo ay si toos ah ay weheliyaan muquuninta ah. xisaabaha Energy ayaa muujinaya in polymerization ka mid ah kuwan acids amino waa ka fiican oo xaq Alfa-galool, taas oo la joogo in borotiinada hooyo.

Dhismaha dugsiga sare ee protein ah: Qaabkadhismeedka beta-sheet

silsilado Polypeptide in beta-pleated si buuxda u kordhiyay. Beta-laalaabka loo sameeyay by dhexgalka laba bonds peptide. Qaab dhismeedka Tani waa sifo borotiinada buunshada (keratin, fibroin, iwm). Gaar ahaan, beta-keratin lagu gartaa heshiis isku midka ah silsilado polypeptide in ay sii xasilin by interchain bonds disulfide. The fibroin Xariir deriska ah silsilado polypeptide waa antiparallel.

Dhismaha dugsiga sare ee borotiinka: galool collagen

formation wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex silsilado tropocollagen spiralized, taas oo uu leeyahay qaab ul. Spiralized silsilad isku duub iyo foomka superhelix ah. Galool xasilin by bonds hydrogen dhexeeya hydrogen ee peptide ka dhaca amino hadhay amino acid in mid ka mid silsilad iyo oxygen kooxda carbonyl hadhayna amino acid of silsilad kale ah. Qaab dhismeedka collagen bandhigay siiyaa xoog sare iyo barti.

Dhismaha jaamacadda ee borotiinka

borotiinada Inta badan gobolka hooyo waa qaab-dhismeedka aad is haysta, wixii la goostay by qaabka, size, iyo polarity oo ka mid ah xag amino acid, iyo isku xigxiga amino acid.

saamaynta A weyn ku formation of conformation protein hooyo, ama dhismayaasha jaamacadda leeyihiin isdhexgalka hydrophobic iyo Madbacada qaranka, bonds hydrogen, iwm .. Under tallaabada ee ciidamada, kuwaas waxaa lagu gaarayaa conformation thermodynamically roon ee Britain protein iyo xasilinta.

Dhismaha quaternary

Noocan ah qaab-dhismeedka of Britain ee waa natiijada ka ah ururka dhowr subunits galay dhismaha a Britain ayaa hal. Halabuurka The of subunit kasta waxaa ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka hoose, mid sare iyo mid jaamacadeed.