Waa maxay biomechanics of Meyerhold?

Waxaa ka mid ah agaasimayaasha tiyaatarka weyn magaca Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda taagan xoogaa gooni. Waxaa laga yaabaa sababta waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa shakhsiyadda khalad laga fahmay oo kacsan dhalaalaya. Ama maamulka Soviet isku dayeen in ay retouch qaladaadkaaga iyo isku day in aan ku xuso magaca nin tayo leh oo la toogtay 1940. Laakiin horumarinta tiyaatarka, wuxuu kaalin grand. Created by abuuraha weyn ee nidaamka of tababar ugu yeertay galay nolosha maalin kasta ee tiyaatarka ah oo lagu magacaabo "Biomechanics of Meyerhold."

Beddelidda dhaqanka

Vsevolod Meyerhold horumariyo biomechanics - maaha mid ka mid ah hababka ugu muhiimsan ee tababarka actor ah, kuwaas oo u muuqday in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad oo laga helay dhinaca horumarinta ee shuqullada hadha iyo xertiisii badan. By ay dabeecadda, ka biomechanics of Meyerhold - waa geedi socod adag oo xiiso hal abuur leh, taas oo waa in lagu fasiray in macnaha ka ballaaran. The qayb bannaan laba kol in semantic Diyaargarayska oo actor ah haddii ay jiraan dhowr gii. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa xiiso shaqaynaya saxda ah si farsamaysan ee jirka aadanaha - caqligal ah oo la saadaalin karo. qayb kale oo la mid ah isku dayaya in ay riixaan jir ah dabiiciga ah, kicin heerka horumarinta, si loo gaadho aragtida.

Farsamada aad u kacaan oo loo yaqaan biomechanics of Meyerhold, waa in ay rumaysan abuuray shaqada oo ka mid ah riwaayadaha iyo agaasimaha kaliya marxalad diyaarinta. All Kanu waa warka culus ee dareenka of play ahaa in la si wadajir ah ay fuliyeen dhinacyada ugu firfircoon - the actor iyo dhagaystayaasha.

Meyerhold (1874-1940): Biography gaaban

Waa adag tahay in ay fahmaan shuruudaha ka mid ah habka aan la ogyahay nolosha ee ay abuure. Waxa uu ku dhashay galay qoyska ka mid ah Catholic Russified. Waxa uu bartay ee tiyaatarka iyo music dugsiga Moscow ee (class VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey in Art Moscow Tiyaatarka iyo ka dib abaabulay koox masraxa a in Kherson.

Tan iyo 1905 waxa uu ka shaqeeyay Moscow. Sida agaasimaha a, aan ayaa lagu casuumay in ay K. S. Stanislavskim (Tiyaatarka Studio on Kariyaha), iyo ka dib V. F. Komissarzhevskoy (Schauspielhaus). Muddadan, Meyerhold fuliyeen tiro ka mid ah qaab hab pre-calaamad - characters ma characters ayaa la bartay, dhagarta la ansixiyay keeneysa la.

In hore 20-mada sameeyay fikradda qoraaga cusub ee, kaas oo noqday mid si aada kor Meyerhold - biomechanics. Jimicsiyada loo isticmaalo inta lagu jiro duubteen, oggolaanayaa agaasimayo, shaqo hufan ee kooxda fanaaniinta. Habka ugu jirin dhexgalka ka dhaxeeya shakhsiga iyo gobolka ee bulshada oo dhan. Waxa uu sugayay dhalashada labaad ku haboon ee collectivism. sharciyada sameeyey Constructivism iyo Biomechanics diiday codsigii ka dunida ugu hooseeyey in bandhigay muuqaal ah. Meyerhold rumeysan yahay in deegaanka ay door muhim ah, oo iyaga waxaa lagama maarmaan ah inay la xiriiraan si ay dareenka daawadayaasha iyo dunida hoose oo characters. A actor-baabuur loo tababaray, kaas oo leh laxanka qumman iyo xakameeyo jirkaaga - taasi waxa weeye waxa lahaa in uu noqdo agaasimaha for xaqiijinta qorshihiisa. In ka badan fulinta fikradahooda galay agaasimaha tallaabo uu ka shaqeeyay ilaa maalmood ee ugu danbeysay.

Bishii June 1939, V. E. Meyerhold la xiray by NKVD ku dacwooyin been ah. Under jirdil, Isagu waa qirtay in hawshu anti-Soviet, laakiin mustaqbalka imaankeeda yaabaa maraggiisa. Xukunka ayaa hoos u February 1, 1940. Qaybshay maalinta ku xigta. In 1955, Meyerhold dayactirey (darjada).

In Duke of murtad

saameyn weyn ku shuqulka lahaa Meyerhold shuqullada dramatist Jarmalka iyo qoraa Heinrich von Kleist (1777-1811), si gaar ah uu maqaalka on tiyaatarka puppet ah. Qorayaashu waxay aaminsan yihiin in fursadaha aadanaha ma madax banaan jira, laakiin waxaa gacanta ku amarka sare leh. dadka in uu caqliga oo dhan waxay ahaayeen xayawaankii puppet kaliya, hoos timaada Ilaaha. Jebi xiriir this keeni kara in la sii daayo qofka oo ku soo celi gobolka dhamaystiran noolaanshaha heer hoose ah. Inkastoo qoraagu qirtay in sida dhacdo karaan iyo fowdo aan la qiyaasi karo. Biomechanics of Meyerhold tiirsan on aragtiyada ay muujiyeen Kleist.

Agaasimaha ayaa u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro nidaam tababar, taas oo ah actor qabsan karo, si kaamil ah, anshax jidhkiisa. Noqo labada abuure iyo wax fulinta, gacanta oo lagu xakamayn in ay caag ah - in ay tahay hawsha in wajaho masrixiyada Biomechanics ah Meyerhold.

Ma aha oo kaliya Tiyaatarka ah

farsamada gaarka ah ee jilayaasha tababarka ayaa la illoobay oo sannado badan oo laguma samayn daraasad khubaro. Tani waxaa laga arki karaa sida siyaasad cadaadis dhiiri oo weheliyay Agaasimaha hanad dhamaadka naftiisa ku saabsan: denbigana Stalin, iyadoo ay sabab u taasoo soo baxay in la liquidated Meyerhold Tiyaatarka, isaga iyo toogasho ku xiray bishii February 1940. Dhab ahaantii, ilaa maantadan la joogo ee biomechanics of Meyerhold ma gaadhi karo. Habka taariikhda rasmiga ah ee tiyaatarka dhufatay, waqtiga, la waayay ka hadal xirfadlaha.

Inkastoo declassification ee kaydka, oo dhan subtleties of farsamooyinka asalka lumeen in 90s ee. faahfaahin qaar ka mid ah ayaa la wada ilaaliyo, oo kaliya in qoraalladii xertiisii iyo kuwa raacsan in markii agaasimaha nolosha ka qeyb galay fasalka sayidkiinna oo ku biomechanics of Meyerhold. isaga qudhiisa ayaa diiwaanka ma uu tago cadeeyo oo ka mid ah mabaadi'da iyo saldhig oo ay nidaamka, iyo waxaa maalmahan loo isticmaalaa farsamooyin gaar ah ku salaysan yihiin on xasuusta markhaati.

dhinacyada bulshada

Influence ee biomechanics ku saabsan samaynta farshaxanka iyo koritaanka of fursadaha actor ee waa weyn. Laakiin ma waxaa ku koobnayn ay iman kara. Waxaa macquul ah in nidaamka uu qiimo farshaxanka ma aha oo kaliya. Inkastoo Meyerhold marnaba ha baxay aragga of sabab tiyaatarka, laakiin waxaan aaminsanahay in laga yaabo in uu yahay biomechanics aad u balaaran. Si aad u fahamto dhibic this of view, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo waxa biomechanics of Meyerhold, ee macnaha taariikhi ah.

Nidaamka waxaa la abuuray oo sabab u ah tijaabo lagu faray in noocyo dhaqanka masrixiyada: dell'arte majaajilada iyo tiyaatarka Japanese Kabuki. Laakiin waqti isku mid farsamo la abuuray waqti ay si buuxda u taageereen Meyerhold fikrado shuuciga. Waxa uu doonayay habka farshaxanka masraxa si uu u gudbiyo oo keliya ma aha aragtida dunida by artist ah. halganka fasalka, arrimaha bulshada, abuurista nooc ka mid ah aadanaha cusub - arimahan waxaa la tagaa Meyerhold. Biomechanics oo si kooban u xoog tarjumayaan afkaarta kacaan uu waqti - maareynta wadajirka ah, shaqo wadajir ah iyo kuwa kale. Laakiin iyadu ma ay joojiyaan in ay noqon hanad ah ee dareenka farshaxanka, tababar u fiican jirka iyo hab masrixiyada.

Biomechanics iyo sotsiomehanika

Si aad si buuxda u fahmaan nuxurka geedi socodka loo baahan yahay in waqti ah ku soo laabto markii la aasaasay biomechanics of Meyerhold. Mid ka mid ah uu soo horjeeda ahaa ideologue dhalaalaysa oo ka mid ah kacaankii iyo Tiyaatarka ee A. cusub V. Lunacharsky - naqdiya riwaayadaha iyo ugu horeysay Dadka commissar of Education of Russia Soofiyeeti. Waxa uu inta badan waa muhiim oo ka mid ah tijaabo ah agaasimaha, laakiin waxa uu u, waxaan shaki ku jirin, qof tayo leh iyo asalka hal abuur rumaystay. Lunacharsky soo bandhigay fikradda ah ee "sotsiomehaniki" - hab loogu talagalay in ay wax ka barato dabeecadda aadanaha in ay deegaan bulshada dabiiciga ah iyo sidaas abuuro images dhabta ah ee masraxa casriga ah.

Inkastoo farqiga u dhaxeeya labada iskuul, Meyerhold inta badan kula heshiiyey dhigiisa. Kulanka aragtidooda ku saabsan waajibaadka iyo ujeedada tahay. Labada isku raacay in waxa ugu fiican ee qofka lagu gartaa miyir fasalka iyo meel bulshada, halkii qofka sida cilmi-nafsiga ah. Biomechanics, Meyerhold horumariyo, waxa uu noqday mid muujisa kacaanka masraxa. Dhab ahaan waan la rogmato ay abuure shaqada nidaamka.

Laga soo bilaabo barta cilmi of view

On ku salaysan waxa u muuqday diraa Biomechanics gudaha Meyerhold? nidaamka Tiyaatarka waxaa qayb ahaan ku saleysan aqoon, ilaa hadda laga saaro gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah tahay. Waxaa la dhigay aasaaska waxbarashada injineerka American Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Oo uu aragtida ururka hufan ee shaqada waxaa loo isticmaalay masraxa. saxnaanta oo ka mid ah dhaq-jilayaasha iyo ergonomics waxaa lagu gaaraa curyaamiyaa wuxuu layliyada iyo kala qaybsanaanta on loop ciyaarta: ujeedooyinka, falalka, reactions. Tani eegtahay toos ah la arki karo oo leh Taylor "wareegga waajib".

Tiro ka mid ah aqoonta sare ee uu mar isticmaalay biomechanics of Meyerhold. nidaam jimicsi si ay u tababaraan hawl-wadeennada ku salaysan cilmi nafsiga ee Ivana Pavlova cilmi (1849-1936), shuqulka V. M. Behtereva (1857-1927) loo isticmaalo berrinkii Reflexology. Dawladdu waxay nafsi ah geesiga ciyaarta sida set oo ah hummaag la ogan karo in wax soo saarka ee cayaarta "The Forest" A. N. Ostrovskogo: dareenka geesiga ah ee lagu bedelay bootin. kaca kasta oo cusub oo kor lover hore. Ciyaar ee ciyaarta ka dhacay Tiyaatarka Meyerhold ah ee 1924.

studio biomechanics

Isku day agaasimaha Meyerhold heli goobta ku haboon tababarka ee ay nidaam u gaar ah ayaa ka muuqata xataa isnaceybka of sano kuwa. On mid ka mid ah afar ka mid ah Meyerhold tii dhismayaasha oo dhan, taas oo ay gaari karaan ilaa. Waxay ahaayeen, iyo Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka, iyo Suvorinsky iyo atelier kaas oo uu doonayo in uu abuuro geerash uu isagu iska. Sidaas darteed, qolka waxaa laga helay oo galay taariikhda masraxa sida Borodino Studio.

Manhajka waxaa ka mid ah fasalada ee feerka, dayrka, jimicsi, qoob ka classical oo casri ah, gabay, yeerista, halmar isla. Waxaa intaas dheer in this baray taariikhda tiyaatarka, dhaqaalaha, iyo biology. Marka la eego kala duwanaanshaha maadooyinka waxaan odhan karaa in biomechanics of Meyerhold - actor waa nidaam tababar dhamaystiran.

nooc cusub oo ah actor

Actorada ayaa horey shuruudaha adag. Waxay ahaayeen in la mideeyo masraxa ciyaar riwaayado iyo opera Chinese, xardheen iyo seegaan-socodka, jimicsi iyo clownery. Kuwani waa ujeeddooyinka dhigay Meyerhold. Biomechanics kooban iyo in wakhti yar oo gaaban oo noo ogolaadaa in si loo gaaro saamaynta ay ku doonay. Thanks iyada ku, mid kasta oo ka mid ah jilayaasha ah si joogto ah loo hagaajiyo karo oo kaamil alaabta ee hab uu qowlka. Meyerhold rumeysan yahay in masraxa uma dulqaataan muddaada, mar walba si dhaqso ah, iyo waxay aqoonsan tahay oo kaliya la joogo. Oo actor-yada waa in aan ka Faydno waxa raaci jeer, oo waxaa waajib ku ah inay raadiyaan oo tijaabo.

tijaabada

studio aasaasay waa in aanay noqon saleysan masraxa cusub oo waxba ma ay qaadan dhibaatooyinka dugsiga actor ee. Ujeeddadiisu waxay ahayd kala duwan - noqday nooc ka mid ah shaybaarka masrixiyada. Biomechanics Vsevoloda Meyerholda dalbaday waxbarashada simaha bacyaal iyo marxaladda dhaqdhaqaaqa, improvisation iyo u hogaansanaanta adag in ujeedka agaasimaha ee.

tijaabo Creative in nidaamka cusubi kuma koobna oo kaliya in la Actorada shaqeeyaan. Barbaro Waxyooday Xagga sharraxaadda meeshu tiyaatarka fairground, dell'arte comedy, agaasimaha dib boos gudaha. Kor buu u siiyey Muuqaallo iyo kala-yada iyo auditorium. Waayo, Actorada abuuray dhismayaasha birta ah saddex dhinac-cabbir ah, taas oo uu ugu yeedhay "mashiinka ciyaarta". Sida sawir ah - dejinta play ah "Cuckold The eegayo" ku salaysan F. Fernand Crommelynck (1886-1970). Waxayna xidhan jilayaasha yuunifoomka buluug ciyaaray masraxa aan muuqaal hareereeyeen by a qalab qalaama. In qaab kale oo aynu nahay multi-isticmaalka barnaamijka, dhismaha, wiishash iyo dhismaha, xirmaya dhagaystayaasha.

Thuram oo wax ku ool ah

Mid ka mid ah jirdhiska lagu taliyey toos ah ku dhuftay ardaydooda. "U bood on xabadka" - jimicsi yaqaan muujinaysa fursadaha ay bixiyaan ku biomechanics of V. E. Meyerholda. Its jidh soo fudud ka muuqata horyaalka aad. Mid ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu masraxa taagan, gelinaya hal lug hore ee ceeb ma guurto kale. ardayga labaad kor u waddaa iyo bootin xaq it on. Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu Yeela lugaha wuu xootay at jilbaha hore iyo tii rafiiqa qoorta. Jilaagii ugu horeysay waxay maamushaa in la qabto hal ama laba gacmood lugaha jilbaha hoos ku boodaan.

Falanqaynta daraasaddan ayaa muujinaysa waa in sida loo agaasimayo in meel bannaan labada jilayaasha. dhaqdhaqaaqa waa la keenay automatism. boodi dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidan iyo jidka dayuurada si buuxda loo jideeyey macquulka ah ee si wadajir ah loo fuliyo yool agaasimaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, mid kasta oo ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu qabtaan hawlaha ay shakhsiga loogu talagalay gaaro caadi ah, natiijada si wadajir ah. Taasi waxay ahayd load waxbarashada aasaasiga ah, taas oo qaadeen biomechanics of Vsevoloda Meyerholda.

In waqtigeena,

Inkastoo sano gelintu, nidaamka of jilayaasha tababarka Meyerhold ayaa guuldarro aysan ka ay racfaan. Waxaa weli waa mawduuca laga wada hadlay iyo waxbarasho ee wareegyada masrixiyada. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in markii ay soo muuqatay biomechanics of V. E. Meyerholda fog ka hor waqtiga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ardayda ayaa nuugo nidaamka Vsevoloda Emilevicha in ay studio, ayaa noqday jilayaasha si fiican u yaqaan iyo agaasimayaasha. dadaalka ay naqshado sayidkiisa caan maray ka ab ka xiga, iyo shaqeeya ee aan la kala gooyey in waqti la tallaalka dilaa, haddana waxaa ka dhawaajisay cidhiidhi gala in guryihii Lubyanka ee xilliga qaboobaha ee 1940.