Waa maxay qaababka kala saaro rinjiyeynta Ruush ee qarnigii XX ah?

In qarnigii XX ku yimid xilligan marka tahay oo dhan si ay wax-uqabso jeestay. Oo haddii aad weydiiso, waxa muuqaalada kala saaro farshaxanka Ruush ah muddada u dhaxaysa dhanba dalalka kale, waxaan dhihi karaa iyadoo la hubo in dhamaan fanaaniinta waa xamaasad leh wax-uqabso, taas oo ka soo hab Faransiis "hormuudkii" tarjumay.

Taariikhda ogyahay tusaalooyin badan oo ah sida daqiiqado ugu muhiim ah, marka ay tahay wax isbedel ah oo xilliyo, shakhsiyaad hal abuur bilaabaan si ay u abuuraan dhaqdhaqaaqa xagjirka ah loogu talagalay in lagu baaro dhacdooyinka hoostiisa soo askunmay a kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qarnigii XX ahaa ee arrintan la xiriira dhacdadan weyn.

Bilowgii ee wax-uqabso

Tallaabooyinka koowaad ee wakiilada ee Ruush-uqabso dayrta on 1907, markii la abuuray ururka farshaxanka "Blue Rose", kulan ka mid ah sayidkooda qiray of neo-primitivism iyo calaamadda. Kuwani Hababka farshaxanka laami buundada jihada a aasaas cusub farshaxanka - avant-garde. The ugu horeysay wakiilada farshaxanka dhalaalaya oo dhaqdhaqaaqa oo intaasu waxay ahayd Kazimir Malevich, Larionov iyo Goncharov, shuqulladiisa oo ku jira Moscow Museum of Modern Art.

Waa maxay qaababka kala saaro rinjiyeynta Ruush ee qarnigii XX ah? Waxaa halkan ahaa asal ereyga "wax-uqabso" - waxa dunida Benoit siiyey, la yaab ku tilmaamay shaqada ee fannaaniinta ururka hal abuur "Jack of Diamonds", taas oo 1910 soo bandhigay in ay dhagaystayaasha at bandhiga "Midowga Artists '" hal-abuurnimo ugu horeysay ka barta farsamada ee view sawirka. Tan iyo markaas waxa ay noqotay aqbalay in dhammaan waxyaabaha cusub ee arimahan ka tirsan tahay sayid Ruush ee burushka.

Wakiillada oo ka mid ah Ruush-uqabso

Features of rinjiyeynta Ruush ee qarnigii 20aad. sida in asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee wax-uqabso waa arrin ballaaran, halka tani saldhig waxaa u dhashay iyo aad u badan jihada cusub ee stylistic. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, fanaaniin badan oo Ruush in uu shaqada eryadeen xeerkii modernismen Yurub: Cubism, Suprematism, Constructivism, alwaaxdii saqafka haysay, Fauvism iyo Futurism. The wakiillo ka ugu fiican ee dhaq-uqabso Ruush ahaayeen Kandinsky iyo Malevich. Waxay istaageen asalka ah soo bixitaanka of this ifafaale farshaxanka kala weji duwan oo u noqday "dambiilayaasha" dhalashada ee uu maaxdey - abstractionism.

farshaxanka la taaban karin waa farshaxan la taaban karin, halkaas oo artist isticmaalaan si ay u matalaan kaliya ay aragtida israacinayo xaqiiqada, iska ilaalinta u Buzadag ka mid ah rinjiyeynta classical. element ugu weyn ee farshaxanka ee style - midabka, taas oo ka caawisaa in ay siiso sayid daab dareenka.

Kuwa marka hore ku dhiiratay on tijaabo ah oo la mid ahaa Kandinsky. Its fikrad caalamiga ahaa si uu u gudbiyo Dadka si loo qeybin karaa on shiraac ah in ay music, waxa ay leedahay midabka gaar ah oo uu leeyahay qaab cidlo ah.

Laga soo bilaabo aan la taaban karin in Suprematism

rinjiyeynta Ruush ahaa uu maray isbedel firfircoon inta lagu jiro qarnigii 20aad. Marka 1909, Kandinsky ugu horeysay soo bandhigay in dadka dhaleeceeya waxay dib u eegi uu shaqada marka hore aan la taaban karin, waxay ahayd in uu yaqaano Kazimir Malevich, kuwaas oo in kastoo uu ahaa taageere weyn u ah wax cusub, laakiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sii waday inuu sii sarkhaansan Impressionism. Laga bilaabo halkan on shaqo ee artist ee uu bilaabay in uu ku mari Metamorphosis, taas oo 1913 isagii tusay sida wakiilka ah ee Cubo Futurism.

Waqti ka, Malevich mar kale tilmaamay waxa qoreysa kala saaro farshaxanka Ruush ee qarnigii XX - waxaa noqday aasaasihii ah jihada stylistic cusub, loo yaqaan Suprematism. feature The garan habkani uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in qaababka qaab yihiin daray in shaqada aasaaska farcan. Dhab ahaantii, Suprematism - nooc kale oo sidaynu, sida ay leedahay astaamaha ay la mid u gaar ah:

• pointlessness;
• la'aanta awoodda;
• joomateri (non-wanaagsan soo bandhigi kartaa wax kasta oo qaab joomatari, laakiin qaybta dhexe ee sawirka waa laydi a);
• kaqabto.

Malevich rumeysan yahay in Suprematism waa diyaarad cusub ee farshaxanka, kuwaas oo waa waxgarasho heli karo nooca cusub ee fannaaniinta in ay u suurtagashay in ay badbaaddo nacaybka ee la soo dhaafay. Waa maxay qaababka kala saaro rinjiyeynta Ruush wakhtigaas? Sida ay wakiillo ka Suprematism waa awooda inay haleelaan heer sare ah farshaxanka, si ay u bartaan dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo statics of space by yareeyo meesha bannaan ee.