White Army ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye. The taliyayaasha ciidamada Cad. ciidanka cad

Dagaalkii Sokeeye ahayd arin aad looga cabsado, waayo, Russia. Tani bogga taariikhda in muddo tobannaan sano qaar badan sidii geesiyaal, dhab ahaantii, waxay ahayd ceeb. Isku kacsanayd, khiyaamooyinkii badan, iyo tuuganimada iyo rabshadaha dhinac waxa la Camal iyo is-allabari. ciidanka cad ka koobnayd dad kala duwan - dadka ka fasalada oo dhan, wakiillo ka socda dalal kala duwan degganaa dalka ugu badan oo lahaa dhaqamada kala duwan. Ciidamada Red, sidoo kale, ma waxay ahaayeen tiro dhqaalaha. Labada dhinacyada dagaalamaya ayaa la kulantay dad badan oo ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka la mid ah. In dhamaadka, ka dib markii afar sano oo guul cas. Waa maxay sababta?

Markii Dagaalkii Sokeeye bilaabay

Marka ay timaado in bilowgii Dagaalkii Sokeeye, taariikhyahanadu tixraac taariikhaha kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, Krasnov Yimaadeen unugyada ay hoos iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in ay gacanta ku Petrograd, October 25, 1917. Ama xaqiiqda kale: General Alexeyev gaaray Don ee ururka oo ka tirsan ciidamada Tabaruca - this dhacay on November 2. Oo halkan lagu dhawaaqo kale Milyukov lagu daabacay wargeyska "Don Hadalka" waayo, December 27. Waa maxay ma aha sabab aad uga fiirsada sida lagu dhawaaqo si rasmi ah dagaalka ka dhanka ah taliska Soviet? In dareen, kuwaas oo saddex qeybood, iyo sidoo kale qaar kale oo badan, waa run. In labada bilood ee la soo dhaafay ee 1917 waxaa la sameeyay (iyo waxaa isku mar ma dhici karto) Voluntary White Army. In Dagaalkii Sokeeye waxa uu ahaa ciidanka oo kaliya halis ah oo awood u adkaysato Bolsheviks ah.

Shaqaalaha iyo qaybta bulshada ee Army Cad

laf-dhabar u ah dhaqdhaqaaqa White ahaa saraakiil Ruush. Laga bilaabo 1862, kii ugu horreeyey ee qaab-dhismeedka-fasalka dhaqan ayaa u qoondeeyey, laakiin DJibuuti gaarka ah ee geedi socodka, kuwaas oo ku guulaystay inta lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Haddii dhexe ee qarnigii XIX ee ka tirsan hoggaanka ciidanka ka tirsan waxay ahayd qaybtii of aristocracy ee bilowgii qarnigii soo socda, waxa ay noqdeen kuwo u ogolaan lahaanshada. Tusaale waxaa ah kooxda caanka ah ee Army Cad. Alekseev - ina askari, aabbihiis Kornilov ahaa Cossack buunka, iyo Denikin - Serf ah. Lid ku ah la soo bandhigay galay dacaayadda miyir mass ku qufulan ku saabsan qaar ka mid ah "dhiig buluug" iyo hadalka uma soo noqon kareen. Saraakiisha Ciidanka White ee ay asal taagan qaybta bulshada ee Empire Ruush ah. dugsiga lugta ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1916 in 1917 la sii daayay 60% soo galootiga ka soo jeeda qoysaska soo ridayeen. In ka Army, General Golovin kun waaran (geeyeen yar, sida laga soo xigtay nidaamka Soviet of saf ah ciidamada) tiradaasi ahayd 700. Waxaa intaa dheer iyaga, ka-dabaqada dhexe, shaqada iyo deegaanka baayacmushtariga dhacay 260 askari. kuwii gobta ahaa waxay sidoo kale ahaayeen - afar daraasiin.

ciidanka White caan ah "carruurta karin ee" waxaa la aasaasay oo la sameeyay. Kaliya shan boqolkiiba oo ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka taajiriinta, iyo rag caan, dakhliga ka hartay ka hor kacaankii ka koobnayd oo kaliya mushaarka askarta.

ugu horeeyay suubban

Saraakiisha dhexgalay ee koorsada dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed si degdeg ah ka dib markii kacaanka February ah. Waa ciidamo military abaabulan, faa'iido ugu weyn ee kaas oo ahaa joogitaanka xirfadaha anshaxa iyo dagaal. aragtida siyaasadeed ee dareenka ka tirsan Dufcaddii gaar ah sarkaal, sida caadiga ah, ma ay lahayn, laakiin waxay lahaayeen rabitaan ah in ay keenaan si ay u dalka iyo in ay ka fogaadaan burburkii dawladda. Sida for tirada, ciidankiisii oo dhan caddaan, sida of January 1918 (General Kaledin Maarso on Petrograd), ka koobnaa toddoba boqol Cossacks. Demoralization ciidamada ayaa horseeday in gebi ahaanba colnimadiinna si ay ula dagaalamaan. Ma aha oo kaliya askar caadi ah, laakiin saraakiisha ayaa diidan (qiyaastii 1% wadarta) adeeca amarrada abaabulka.

By bilowgii colaad-buuxa Army Volunteer cad kor u lahaa in toddoba kun oo askari oo Cossacks, kuwaas oo ku amray kun oo askari. No kaydka cuntada iyo hub u ma lahayn, sida taageerada dadweynaha. Waxa ay u muuqatay dhaw burburkii waa lama huraan.

Siberia

Ka dib markii qabashada xoogga by Reds ee Tomsk, Irkutsk iyo magaalooyin kale Siberian, waxay bilaabeen inay shaqeeyaan ee anti-Bolshevik xarumaha dhulka hoostiisa by saraakiisha. fallaago ee Corps Czechoslovak ka ahaa signalka ay tallaabo u furan dhanka ah xoogga Soviet in May-June 1918. ciidanka Siberian West la aasaasay (Taliyaha - General AN Grishin-Diamonds), kuwaas oo bilaabay in uu qoray mutadawiciin ah. Si dhakhso ah ay tirada sii badnayeen 23,000. By August, ciidankii reer cad, la midoobin ciidamada Captain G. M. Semenova, sameeyay in laba dhisme (4aad East Siberian iyo Amur 5aad) oo ay gacanta ku hayso dhul ballaaran uu ka soo Urals si Baikal. Waxay leedahay oo ku saabsan 60 kun Bayonets, 114 kun.. Mutadawiciin hubaysnayn hoos amarka ku dhawaad 11 kun oo qof. Saraakiisha.

waqooyiga

White Army ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye, marka lagu daro Siberia iyo bariga fog, wuxuu ahaa dagaal on saddex furimood oo waaweyn: South, North-West iyo Waqooyiga. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay dhegyadii u gaar ah marka la eego deegaanka hawl, iyo ciidamada. On tiyaatarka waqooyi ee hawlaha diirada saraakiisha ugu tababaran oo xirfad kuwaas oo maray dagaal Jarmalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay isku khilaafaan, waxbarasho heer sare ah, waxbarashada iyo dhiirranaan. taliyayaal badan oo ka mid ah ciidamada White ka Ukraine ayaa u yimid oo ku lahaa ay ka soo cararayeen ka Bolshevik cabsi ciidamada Jarmalka, kaas oo sharxaya ay Germanophilism, dadka kale la kulmay naxariis dhaqanka ee Entente ah. Xaaladdan ayaa mararka qaar waxay noqotaa mid abuurta dagaal. ciidanka cad Northern ahaa yar.

Northwest White Army

Waxaa la aasaasay oo taageero ciidamada qalabka sida Jarmal ee mucaaradka ah in ay Red Army Bolshevik ah. Ka dib markii kooxda Jarmalka ay qaab-dhismeedka koobnaa 7000 bayonets. Waxa ay ahayd ka hor Whiteguard yaraan diyaariyey, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la socday guusha ku meel gaadh ah. Badmaax Chudskoy raxan, wada jir ah ula askartii fardooley ah Balakhovich iyo Permykina, qanacsaneyn fikrada ah communist, waxaan go'aansannay in aan u gudubnee Whites. ciidan sii kordhaysa ee iskaa wax u qabso ku biiray iyo ridayeen, ka dibna si qasab ah ayaa la abaabuli ardayda dugsiga sare, ardayda dugsiga sare. ciidanka Northwest guul kala duwan la diriray iyo mid ka mid ah tusaalooyinka more farxad leh dagaalka noqday. Celcelis ahaan 17 kun. Askar, waxa laga saaray 34 Guud, kornayladii, iyo dad badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ay ahaayeen kuwii uu hoos labaatan sannadood jira.

South Russia

Dhacdooyinka on hore this ahaayeen muhim in qaddar ee dalka. dadka ka mid ah in ka badan 35 million, meesha waa loo siman yahay si meesha labo ka mid ah wadamada ugu waaweyn ee Yurub, lagu rakibay kaabayaasha gaadiidka horumaray (dekedaha, waddooyinka tareennada) gacanta ku hayaan ciidamo cad ee Denikin. South Russia jiri karaan si gooni gooni ah inta kale ee dhulka ka mid ah Empire hore ee Ruush, oo wuxuu lahaa oo dhan ayuu horumarinta taagan oo keliya ah, oo ay ku jiraan beeraha iyo warshadaha. The Guud ee Ciidamada White ah, helay tababar military u fiican iyo waayo-aragnimo kala weji duwan ee la Austria-Hungary iyo Germany dagaal, waxay leeyihiin oo dhan fursad in laga adkaado cadowga taliyayaasha inta badan liidata waxbarasho ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibaatooyinka oo dhammu waxay ahaayeen isku mid ah. Dadka ma doonayaan in ay la dagaalamaan, abuuro boosteejo ah oo caadi ah fikradaha iyo kuwa ku guuldareystay. Monarchists, xisbiga, Libaraalka midoobeen rabitaan ah in ay iska caabin Bolshevism.

Kuwii

Oo Red Army iyo White soo gaaray mid ka mid ah cudur, iyaga oo aan doonayaa in aan iskaa wakiilada isku duba riday. abaabulka qasabka ah in la yareeyo dagaalka guud waxtarka. Saraakiisha Ruush, iyadoo aan loo eegin heerka bulshada, ayaa dhaqan ahaan dhisay rag & dumar ah oo gaar ah, ka fog ee tacsida askari, kuwaas oo sababay is burinaya gudaha. Baaxadda ay leedahay tallaabooyin ciqaab codsatay in ay goostay, waxay ahaayeen walaac ah labada dhinac ee hore, laakiin dil Bolsheviks joogto ah iyo go'aan dheeraad ah oo ku dhaqma, oo ay ku jiraan muujinaya naxariis iyo ixtiraam leh in ay qoysaska ka baxsaday. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ahaayeen xarfaan ku ballamada. Sida tirada ciidanka loogu talagalay askartii, "qasayo" saraakiishii armaajo oo dagaal-diyaar, way adag tahay in la xakameeyo waxqabadka hawlgallada dagaalka. Kaydka ahaa shiidaa siin lahayn sii dartay. Waxaa jiray dhibaatooyin kale taas oo horseeday in guuldaradii military oo ka mid ah Koonfurta, taas oo ahayd dhufayska ugu dambeeya ee cad.

Beenta iyo Tassna

image ayaa ka mid ah sarkaalka White Guard, oo ku lebisnaa jaakad ah ay jariiradu, sida xaqiiqada ah mudane la magac sonorous, waqtiga firaaqada tabinta in la cabbo iyo gabay of songs waa ka fog xaqiiqada. Waa in ay la dagaallanto ee xaaladaha la'aan joogto ah hub, rasaas, cunto, dhar iyo wax kasta oo kale, iyada oo aan taas u taageeraan ciidanka dagaalka diyaar u adag tahay, haddii aan macquul aheyn. Xulafadooda taageerada la siiyo, laakiin gargaar this ma ahaa ku filan, oo lagu daray waxaa jiray dhibaato moral, oo waxaa lagu muujiyay in dareenka halganka ka dhanka ah dad gaar ah.

Ka dib guuldaradii in Dagaalkii Sokeeye magan helay dibadda, Wrangel iyo Denikin. Bolsheviks ee 1920 toogteen Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak. Army (White) sanad kasta lagu hoobtay ayaa waxaa laga badiyay oo dhan dhul cusub. Waxaas oo dhan ayaa keentay in geeddiga qasabka ah ee Sevastopol ee 1922, qaybaha badbaaday ciidanka mar xoog badan. Wax yar ka dib waxaa la baabi'iyay goobo ka dambeeya ee iska caabin in Bariga Fog.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah gabayo of Army White ah, ka dib markii qaar ka mid ah ka bedelida qoraalka noqday Red Guard. Waayo, "Russia Quduuska ah" ereyga waxaa loo bedelay weedha ah "waayo, xoog Soviet", qaddar la mid ah la sugayay kale oo waa weyn music, ayaa heshay magacyada cusub ( "In dooxooyinka iyo buuraha dushooda," "Kahovka" iyo si bixi.) Maanta, ka dib labaatan sano oo la dayacay, iyagu waa la heli karaa ardayda daneeya taariikhda dhaqdhaqaaqa Cad.