Laga bilaabo marxaladaha iyo sababaha Northern War Weyn. Natiijada of War Northern ah

Waa maxay horraantii qarnigii toddoba, siyaasadda Ruush shisheeye? Northern War Great - halganka xeebta badda bari - waa dhacdo aasaasiga ah iyo ugu muhiimsan ee sannadahaas. dagaalka ayaa socday iyo labaatan sannadood. Qaar ka mid ah u wac Northern War weyn, oo qaar ka mid ah - Labaatan Year. Guud ahaan, dagaal u dhexeeya isbahaysiga ee dalalka waqooyiga Yurub iyo boqortooyadiisa Swedish bilaabay in 1700 oo ku dhamaaday 1721.

waddammada ku diriray dalkii hantida u ahaa dhulalka Baltic. Nasiib darro, dagaal ay ku dhamaatay guul of Sweden. Laakiin dagaalka ku dhamaatay, sababtoo ah waxaan oo dhan, ha dhawaado ama ha soo dhamaaday, iyo dhallinyarada Ruush Empire la asaasay Europe. Waxay leedahay raxan awood iyo ciidan xoog leh. Its caasimada waa St. Petersburg. Wuxuu ahaa xeebta ee badda bari.

Sidaas daraaddeed, on hindisaha of King Augustus II ee Poland iyo Elector ee Saxony Northern Alliance waxaa la abuuray. Ururku wuxuu markii hore ku dhawaaqay dagaal on Sweden. Alliance Northern ayaa sidoo kale ku biiray Russia, madax Peter aan, iyo boqortooyadii Norwegian-deenishka, oo madaxiisa ahaa Korol Kristian shanaad ee.

Ka dib markii taxane ah oo guul u dhawyahay hillaacu ee Swedish 1700 North Midowga burburay. Dheeraad ah, Denmark ayaa ka tagay dagaalka ee 1700, iyo Saxony gurteen ee 1706. Dawladdu waxay Ruush lahaa si ay ula dagaalamaan Sweden on iyaga u gaar ah, laakiin by 1709 Midowga Northern ka bogsatay. Marxaladaha Northern War Great ku kala duwan yihiin midba midka kale, dhab ahaantii dhinaca Ruush diriray Prussia, Holland, Hannover ah. Oo aad dagaallada ugu horeeyay Sweden ayaa ka caawiyay England (tan iyo 1707 - Great Britain), ka dibna Holsten iyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda.

Yukreeniyaan Cossack wada jir ah ula Zaporozhian Cossack kala qaybsan iyo ilaa xad ay taageerayaan Turkiga iyo Swedish, laakiin inta badan ka qayb qaatay ciidamada Ruush. Sidaas darteed, Russia uu karin inuu hanto ka mid ah xaafadaha qadiimiga Ruush ee dalka Mareykanka Östersjön, badiyay jeer dhibtoodaan.

Waa maxay sababta dagaalka?

Maxay yihiin sababaha ugu waaweyn ee Northern War weyn? Aynu isku day in aad ka jawaabto su'aashan. Waxaa la og yahay in bilowgii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad Swedish Empire ahaa dalka xukuma ee badda bari. Intaa waxaa dheer, sidaas ayaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu horeeysa ee Europe. Tani waa gobolka ay leedahay qayb adag oo xeebaha Baltic: Baltic waxaa ka mid ah la joogo, xeebaha oo dhan Khaliijka, qayb ka mid ah xeebta koonfureed ee badda bari.

Waxa xiiso leh, in 1697, Sweden ayaa loo magacaabay Madaxa shan iyo toban Charles iyo tobnaad ee. Dariska Sweden ay soo jiidatay in uu da 'yar iyo tirinta on si sahlan guusha, boqortooyada Norwegian-deenishka, Saxony iyo Russia ayaa isku dayaya inuu sameeyo cabasho in ay Sweden ka badan dhulalka ay. Saddexdan awoodaha ku abuuray Alliance Northern ah, kuwaas oo ah aasaasaha ahaa King of Poland iyo Elector ee Saxony, Augustus II. Ninkan doonayay inuu hoosaysiiyo Livonia (Livonia), qayb ka mid ah Sweden in xoogayn lahaa xooggiisa ee Commonwealth. By habka, Livonia halaagsameen in gacmaha Sweden waafaqsan Treaty Peace ee Oliwa ee 1660.

Maxaa colaadda la Sweden riixay Denmark? Dabcan, waxay doonayaan waa muddo dheer u qabtay in ay xukumaan badda bari. Waxaa la og yahay in 1658, Carl Gustav X inta lagu jiro xilli deenishka Jylland kala jejebiyey. Waxa kale oo ku yaalla koonfurta ee Jasiiradda Scandinavian qabtay dhowr gobolladiisa. Denmark lahaa in la siiyo ilaa ururinta fiiga ka maraakiibta in ay Strait of Zundsky maray. By habka, laba awoodaha cajiib gacanta deriskiisa Denmark koonfurta - duchy of Slesvig-Holsten.

Sababaha Northern War Great ayaa sidoo kale been ka soo socda: boqor Ruush Peter aan, ka dib markii wadahadalo kula Augustus biiray Alliance Northern ee la soo dhaafay. Dhacdadani waxa uu soo saaray qaab isbeddelid sida ku jirta heshiiska. Land ayaa sheegay in Russia in ay Sweden ka mid Ingria iyo Karelia: dalalkaas ayaa lagu qabtay Time ee rabshado by Sweden iyadoo la raacayo heshiiska Stolbovo 1617. Russia ayaa sidoo kale ma naceen inay ku tuulayowga dalka iyo Livonia, sababta oo ah waxay ka dambeeya Russia qarnigii kow iyo in la xasuusto taariikhda - dhulka oo fikirka ah ee qadiimiga ah "la iibiyo" oo ka mid ah taliyayaasha Ruush.

Waxa xiiso leh in geeddi-socodka ah ee dagaalka 1656-1658 ciidankiisana Ruush ahaa awoodaan muddo ku fadhiisato qaybta bari ee Livonia iyo Ingria. Ruushka ayaa qabsaday Noteburg Nienschanz iyo Dinaburg, hareereeyo in Riga dhigay. Laakiin dagaalka kula Poland ayaa waxaa dib u bilaabay, iyo Russia lahaa inuu lasoo saxiixdo heshiis nabadeed Kardissky - Sweden guulaystay dalalka oo dhan ka soo noqotay.

Waxa xiiso leh in ka baran sababaha Northern War Great - fure u tahay fahamka dagaalo xoog leh. Sidaas darteed, awoodda Ruush ay bixiso xiriirka ganacsi la Europe via Arkhangelsk - dekedda oo kaliya on Badda Cad. Halkan waxaa jiray navigation culus oo aan caadi ahayn, kaas oo la mid aad u adag ganacsiga. Oo berrinkii Dhismaha maraakiibta iyo badaha ee Badda White ahaa baaqday weyn. Guud ahaan, barashada afku ee helitaanka badda bari waxaa loo arkaa ah hawl muhiim ah dhaqaalaha ee Russia.

Miyaanay ku qoran sabab wanaagsan Northern War? By habka, arrin yar oo dagaalka ku jira soo socda Russia ahaa gabagabeeyo dagaalka kula Turkey. Constantinople Peace Treaty la saxiixay July 3, 1700, iyo 18 August, Turkey ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in nabad kama dambays ah. Ugu dambeyntii on 19 August, Russia dagaal Sweden. Isla alaabtii oo dhan Swedish ee Moscow, waxay bilaabeen inay la wareegaan sida uu amarrada cusub soo saaray. Waxay la saaro ay guushu ku khasnaddii Ruush. Isla mar ahaantaana, uu qabtay Moscow iyo Ergayga Sweden.

belli Casus tixgeliyo dhibaatooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan dembi shaqsi ahaaneed ee 1697. Ka dib oo dhan, waxa ay ahayd markaa in Peter aan, u safreen Yurub, qabow dalka Iswiidan ku kulmay Riga. Isla mar ahaantaana sheegashada dhulka ayaa aan soo sheegnay.

dagaal Bilow

Ka qaybgalayaasha of Northern War Great kartida aan caadi ahayn khilaafeen. Tusaale ahaan, ku siddeed iyo toban sano jir ah Karl XII Swedish King ahaa "jacayl la dagaal." Oo isna wuxuu lahaa ah, kartina taatiko cajiib ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, kuwa iswiidhishka ee colaada ugu horeysay ay awoodaan in ay ku guuleystaan taxane ah oo guul weyn oo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ninka hubka geesi Karl XII ahaa siyaasi aad u xun, waayo, wuxuu asteeyey oo isaga iyo ciidankiisii ayaa dagaal ay CANQARA ujeedadiisu tahay.

Cadowgiisa ugu muhiimsan ee Peter jeestay Taliyaha vysokoodaronnym, istiraatijiyadda military iyo qabanqaabiyaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa diblomaasi ah oo aad u dhakhso ah oo tayo leh. Dabcan, uu ildarantahay fashilka bilowgii dagaalka, laakiin ugu danbeyn shirkadda lagu guulaystay. Ka dib markii Karl XII sameeyay qaladaad badan.

Battle of War Northern jidka qaar ka mid ah oo ay taageerayaan iyo Ayuka Khan. Tani taliye Kalmyk ku dhashay Dzungaria. Wuxuu u guuray iyo toban sannadood ee gobolka Volga ah, halkaas oo uu ku wacdinnay inaan soo sawirtay taisha horeysay Kalmyk. Maamulka Ruushka ayaa bilaabay wadahadalo la Kalmyks, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo ay awoodaan in ay samaystaan saaxiibo iyaga la jiray. Russia waqtiga siyaasadda waxaa si xoog leh lagu dhiiri Ayuka. Halkii, wuxuu oggol yahay in ay isticmaalaan iyada oo ciidankiisa in dagaallada Northern War Great.

ololaha Denmark

Ka qaybgalayaasha of Northern War weyn, ciidamada kuwaas oo Saxon hareereeyey Riga February 12 1700. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, riyadii of Augustus II lama Qaddarray in la fuliyo: Livonian ma oga waxay raaceen weerarka soo qaaday, oo kooxdiisana waxaa ku jira August guusha aan gaadhay. King Frederick IV ee Denmark, bishii August ee sanadkii la mid ah ayaa weeraray ku duchy Holsten-Gottorp ee qaybta koonfureed ee gobolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, toban kun oo askari oo Iswiidhish ah, oo ku hogaamiyay Karl XII, ayaa lagu qabtay by lama filaan ah oo deenish degay dhow Copenhagen. Denmark ayaa lagu qasbay in ay jebiyaan isbahaysiga la Augustus II: August 7 ridday wixii ay ku saxiixayaan heshiis nabad Travendalsky ah.

March Ruush on Ingermanland

Oo hadda eegno dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee Dagaalkii Northern ah. Waxaa la og yahay in heshiis nabad of Constantinople Peter ah helay fariin on 18 August. Waxaa la soo ogeysiinin wax Denmark joogsadeen howlgallada military, iyo wixii la mid ah 19 August, oo wuxuu qirtay oo dagaal on Sweden. Sidaas darteed, ciidamada Ruush weerar.

Horaantii, Russia saxiixday heshiis urur la Augustus II, sida uu sheegay oo waxay ahayd in ay helaan Ingermanland (aka Ingria Swedish ah). dalka Tani waa size ee ku waafaqsantahay hadda gobolka Leningrad ee.

Waxa xiiso leh in ku taal soohdinta u dhaxaysa Estonia iyo Ingermanland la saaray magaalada cajiib ah iyo qalcaddayda ugu weyn ee Swedish ee gobolka - Narva. qalcaddayda Tani waxay noqdeen bartilmaameed u ah saraakiishii Ruush.

War sow ma aha run, tallaabooyinka War Northern yihiin aad u kala duwan oo picturesque? Tixgeli safarka Narva ah. Waxaa la abaabulay by dayrta, waa nasiib-darro ah. Cuntada ku yaryihiin, askartii ayaa gaajoonaya. Fardo, qalabka sidda, quudin jiray si xun si ay u dhintaan-off bilaabay. Waxyaabaha kale, waxaa bilaabay inuu roob, xaaladda jidka sii dartay in gaadhi alaabta hoos joogto ah ka qarxay.

Guud ahaan Peter waxaan doonayay inaan soo ururin dhow Narva ka badan lixdan kun oo askari. Nasiib darro, ciidanka guurtay meesha aad si tartiib ah oo ka ruqay qorshayaasha iyo waqtiga boqorka. Sidaas darteed weerarku of Narva, 14 October, oo waxaa ka soo qaybgalay askarta 40 kun.

hareeraynta of Narva

Waa maxay more caanka Great Northern War? Daymo Kooban oo u jeedisaa weerarka Narva. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa si liidata abaabulay. Cannon rasaas magaalada cadeeyay inuu yahay ka gadanayaa, sida ay ciidamada Ruush isticmaalay qoryaha LBW. Waxaa intaa dheer, rasaas ku filan oo keliya laba todobaad.

Narva - qalcadda leh ah double Ivangorod ku xiga. Sidaa darteed waxaan Potru, shaqsi ahaan, si loo qorsheeyo la hareereeyo, oo waxay lahayd in fidin sida ugu badan ee ay ciidamada Ruush suurto gal ah, labada waqti isku mid ah ay hareereeyeen qalcadda. heshiis noocan oo kale ah ee ciidamada Ruushka ayaa ahayd mid aad u nasiib-darro ah, marka xigta dagaalka Narva, waxaa wiiqay awoodda ay dagaal.

Maxaa qaaday August II? Ka dib markii la helo warbixin ku saabsan bixitaanka deg deg ah ka dagaalka ee Denmark, markiiba ayuu iska fayday hareereeyo Riga, gurteen inay Kurland. Koorsada of War Northern ku beddeleen, si ay falalka Augustus II Karl XII mahad ahaa awoodaan in ay qayb ka mid ah oo ciidankiisa ku wareejiyo badda ee Pernau (Parnu). Markaasuu halkaas ka soo degay on October 6 oo wuxuu u tegey Narva, ciidamada dalka Ruushka hareereeyey.

Dheeraad ah, Habeenka 18 November, General-Field Marshal Tiri Golovin, wada Peter aan ka tagay ciidanka - waxay u tageen Novgorod. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku amray in taliska sare ee sare ee darajo - shisheeye si de Duke ee Croy. ciidanka reer Charles XII November 19, 1700 sababay ciidamada dalka Ruushka ee dagaalka ee Narva guuldarro culus. Waxa xiiso leh, ciidanka Swedish tiriyey 25 kun oo qof, oo Ruush - oo ku saabsan 40 kun.

Inta lagu jiro tallaabo War Northern Fun fulaynimada Duke de Croy, kuwaas oo xitaa ka hor inta dagaalka ku garsoorid Karl XII. Laakiin wuxuu u dhiibay mid ka mid ma aha, laakiin wada haysta ushiisa, ka kooban ajnabiga. oo dhan khasaaraha ciidanka Ruush Ka dib weli waa ka sareeyaa dadka Swedish. Laakiin by November 21 u dhiibay bulk oo ka mid ah amar ah Duke of Croy.

Waa in la ogaadaa in Life ilaalada Semenov iyo ilaalada Life regiments difaacay ka Sweden. Iyagu ma ay ku guuldareysatay kaliya si looga hortago in lagu raafadiyay ceebta miidhan ah, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u daboosho dib u gurasho ka mid ah ciidamada Ruush, oon u ilaaliyo ka soo gaartay final. Waayo, geesinimada ay muujiyeen in dagaalka this, askarta guutada ee 1700-1740 la siiyay sharabaadada cas, ee xasuusta of xaqiiqda ah in "waxay ahaayeen in dagaalka this of jilibka ee dhiigga."

Natiijada xilli

Battle of War Northern ku dhamaatay siyaabo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, natiijada hawlaha military ee Narva dhinaca Ruush ahaa mid laga cabsado, khasaaraha soo boodo ku dhaawacmeen, dhintay, cidla ah, waana maanshaynay, dhintay qabow iyo gaajada ahaayeen siddeed iyo toban kun oo qof. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyo toddoba boqol oo qof, oo ay ku jiraan toban Guud iyo lix iyo konton sarkaal ay ahaayeen maxaabiis, waxaa laga badiyay 179 oo ka mid ah 184 qoryaha. Waxay ahayd musiibo.

Sababaha soo gaartay ciidamada Ruush

Qaar ka mid ah dagaallada War Northern ku dhamaatay guul darro. Bal aynu eegno sababaha soo gaartay ciidanka Ruushka ee Battle of Narva. First, ayaa ciidanka waxa karaahiyo dagaal diyaar la cadowga mid awood leh. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa ay ahayd in habeynta tallaabo. Marka labaad, ciidanka ahaa liidata hubaysan oo ma taqaanaa sida loo dagaalamo sharciyada xeeladaha toosan, fulinin qorshayaal sahan. Artillery ahaa biyoodka iyo diversiform. Dhab ahaantii, waxayna lahayd wakhtigaas waxaa jiray in ka badan shan iyo labaatan calibers kala duwan - midka this dhibay oo kharribma ay sahayda rasaas. Ugu dambayntiina, dhibcaha ugu muhiimsan: ma jirin qaab dhismeed u gaar ah amarka qaran ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Ka dib oo dhan, jagooyinka ugu muhiimsan amarka degan saraakiil ajnabi ah.

In Europe, ka dib markii failure ee dhowr sano aan la rumaysan yahay in ciidamada dalka Ruushka gebi ahaanba waa laga nacay dagaalka. Isla mar ahaantaana Charles XII Swedish naaneeso Aleksandrom Makedonskim.

Maxay yihiin dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee Dagaalkii Northern ka dhacay ka dib markii guuldarro ciidanka Ruushka ee Narva? Peter anna waxaan soo qaaday tallaabada xigta, oo isna wuxuu ku koobnayn tirada askarta ajnabiga ah ee ciidamada qalabka sida. waxay hadda lagu xisaabiyo oo kaliya saddex meelood meel tirada guud ee askarta waaxda.

Waxaa xusid mudan in kulankii Narva door weyn ee horumarinta ciidamada Ruush iyo taariikhda gobolka. Taariikhyahan Pokrovsky sheegay in dhammaan danaha Ruush ee dagaalka waxa ay ka helaan faa'iido badda ah, si ay ganacsiga iyo xakamaynta helo oo ka mid ah dekedaha Baltic. Taasi waa sababta Peter ku jira marxaladaha hore ee colaadda ayaa la siiyaa dekedaha Baltic fiiro gaar ah - Riga iyo Narva. Nasiib darro, uu guuldarro burburiyo at Narva, oo waxaa lagu wado degaanka ee casriga ah St. Petersburg. Peter go'aansaday in la dhiso deked cusub oo magaalada afka River Neva ah - caasimada mustaqbalka ee Empire Ruush ah.

ololaha Ruush

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan hore u sii War Northern ah. Si kooban u tilmaamay xilli dambe Ruush, laakiin capacious. Dabcan, Peter aan ka mahadnaqayo sababaha ciidamada Ruush looga adkaaday at Narva. Haddaba uu soo diray awood buuxda ee dalka iyo in ciidamo diyaariyaan dagaal ay la Sweden. Wuxuuna abuuraa ciidan joogto ah oo cusub, hagaajinta qaab dhismeed urur, habka tababarka iyo waxbarashada, keensataa qalabka ugu dambeeyey.

Waxa uu cusboonaysiiyay madaafiic - yaraynaysaa tirada calibers, waxay hadda waxaa jira 12 kaliya By amarka Peter aan muddo ugu yaraan saddex boqol oo qalab cusub la soo doorsoon. Waa in la ogaadaa in qaar ka mid ah qoryaha looga dhigay ka Dawanka kiniisadda qabtay khasnaddii iyo dhalaalay. Sidaas darteed, Peter xoog dib ka dib markii failure ee Narva iyo dib u bilaabay weerar ku yaalla waqooyiga.

Battle in Ingria

Sida dagaalka sii North? Si kooban u baari dabcan ku xiga ee dhacdooyinka. Waxaa la og yahay in ciidamada ugu weyn ee Sweden ka qaybgalay dagaalka ee Saxony iyo Dhexe. Ka faa'iidaysanaya daqiiqad in 1701 Peter amray in ay woqooyi ka si ay u bilaabaan weerar cusub. Markaasaa ciidamada Ruush amray by Boris Sheremetev ay weerareen Ingermanland (Ingria), ka dibna ay leedahay Sweden, December 30, 1701 at the Battle of Erestfere ku guuleystay in dagaalkii Waqooyi ee guushiisii ugu horeysay.

Iyadoo ciidanka Swedish amray by General Slippenbach. Oo July 1702 oo dagaalka ku jira ee Gummelsgofa ciidanka Ruush adkaaday markii labaad guutooyinkaaga oo uu.

Sidaas darteed of bilowgii 1703 oo dhan Neva gacanta Ruush.

Dagaallada ee Estonia iyo Livonia

Guud ahaan, natiijada Northern War Great la si weyn u saameeyay ee 1703 - in Russia dhamaystirka ay ku dhowaad dhammaan dalka oo ay gacanta ku Ingermanlandii. In 1704, ciidanka Ruush sii ay weerar. Waxay ka yar yahay amarkii Sheremeteva Borisa by xagaaga 1704 in Livonia yimid oo hareereeyey in Dorpat dhigay. qalcadda lagu qabtay July 1704 qayb shakhsi ahaaneed ee Peter I.

Ka dib markii dhacdooyinkan, kooxda labaad ee ciidanka Ruush ku hayeen inay Narva oo wuxuu tegey Estland. Markaasaa askartii by Ogilvy amray. Markaasaa Butros ka Dorpat yimid, iyo dhamaadka xagaaga, qalcaddayda waxaa lagu qabtay. Heshii, iiriyo of Bastille ahaa weyn! Ciidamada Ruush in howlgalkan muujiyeen aqoontooda kor u kacay iyo qalab heer sare ah.

ololaha Polish

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Waqooyi, Charles XII lahaa in la sameeyo lacagta wayn ee go'aanada. Waxa uu go'aansaday in uu ka tanaasulaan ay colaad firfircoon ka dhanka ah ciidamada Ruush. Oo wuxuu doonayay inuu ku dhufan dhabar jab weyn ku ciidanka ee August II. Guud ahaan, boqorka Swedish doonayay Poland si ay isaga enthrone Boqortooyada wanaagsan halkii Augustus II. Waxa uu go'aansaday in la abuuro ka Rzeczpospolita aag-dhuleed oo u dhexeeya Ruushka iyo kuwa iswiidhishka ah.

Dheeraad ah, ciidanka Swedish ee July 1701, iyada oo aan la kulmo rideen ku habboon, gudbeen Dvina iyo qabtay Livonia. Waxa xiiso leh in ololaha Polish dhammaaday qabashada taliyaha Swedish ah oo guul u ah ciidamada dalka Ruushka.

Duulaankii of Russia

Natiijada of War Northern oo xiiso in qof kasta oo aan jecleeyn in ay taariikhda. Laakiin aynu marka hore ka fiirsan ee 1707 - sanadka oo dhan ciidanka Swedish ahaa ee Saxony. Muddadan, Karl XII bixin kartaa khasaaraha iyo si weyn u xoojiyaan ciidanka. Oo bilowga ah ee 1708 dalka Iswiidan u soo baxeen inay Smolensk. Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in asal ahaan ay la qorsheeyay in ay ku dhufan dharbaaxo weyn oo dhinaca of Moscow. Peter Anigu ma aan leeyihiin qorsheyaal Col: booska Ruush ahaa mid adag oo ay maalintii.

Golaha Military ee Starish

Qiimaha War Northern uu yahay mid aad u xiiso badan, midka kasta oo saamayn ay natiijada. Tusaale ahaan, 11-13 September 1708 tuulada yar ee golaha Smolensk dagaalka boqorka Swedish la Guud uu. Waxay ahayd meesha ugu easternmost dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidanka Swedish xilligii dagaaladii of Russia.

ciidamada ayaa go'aansaday su'aasha ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dheeraad ah ciidanka Swedish. Qaar ka mid ah ku bixiyeen in aanu tagno Moosko via Smolensk, halka qaar kalena ay rabto in ay u guuraan koonfurta, Ukraine. Nasiib darro, ciidanka Swedish loo baahan yahay nasasho, askartii dhamaaday cunto iyo rasaas gashado, wax badan oo ka mid ah kuwa buka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Hetman Ivan Mazepa xaqiijiyay Sweden oo lagu taageerayo dadka Yukreeniyaan, oo waxay doorteen dhaqdhaqaaqa Ukraine.

Poltava

Dabcan, muhiimadda taariikhiga ah ee Northern War Great aad u weyn, waayo, Ruush. Waxay ku guuleystay June 27, 1709 ee Battle of Poltava, oo shakin iyo khasaaraha adag aloosnayd by Sweden.

Waxaa la og yahay in ka dib markii this dagaalka weyn ee Karl XII dhuunteen Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda, kaas oo la aaminsiiyey Ahmed Sultan ah III in tallaabo militari oo ka dhan Russia qaado. Menshikov, mid ka mid ah geesi ah, ciidankiisii boqornimada ee reer Sweden, Peter Emperor ah ayaan ka qeyb qaadanaya Battle of Poltava darajo sharafta Field Marshal.

Natiijada dagaalka

Natiijada of War Northern ah caddayn iyo qiimayn aad u kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah ay soo jeedinayaan in guuldaradii ee Sweden, gaar ahaan qayb ka ah isbahaysiga awood leh (Saxony, Denmark, Rzeczpospolita), iyo awood u helidda dalka Ruushka badda bari labaatan sannadood looma baahna.

Dad badan oo la aqoonsado in dagaalka si qoto dheer bedelay dheelitirka ee ciidamada badda bari, Russia hadda waa in meesha this riyaaqay saamaynta ugu weyn. Hawsha ugu muhiimsan dhigay by Peter waxaan, dabcan, waa la xaliyay - Russia fursad u helay inuu badda, oo waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan ganacsiga badda la Europe.

Sidee dadaalada dib u habaynta ee Peter Northern War Great ah? Reform, iyada mahad, helay oo kaliya dardar qaar ka mid ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in Peter ma ahaa waayo, mid labaad ma aysan joogsan dadaalada dib u habaynta ay. Uu dib u habaynta socda ahaayeen sabab u tahay dhibaatooyinka ciidamada.

Waana mid ka, Great Northern War ee 1700-1721 arrin si xoog leh u saameeyay Russia - dalka soo maray dhaqaale oo halis ah dhibaatooyinka dadka. Iyo taariikhda Finland, xilliga ugu adag ee dagaalka - ka 1714 si ay u 1721 - uu hoos magaca nacayb more tegey. Sweden badiyay awoodeeda hore iyo dawlad yar soo jeestay.