Yaa helay Africa iyo waxa sano

On su'aasha ah ee, kuwaas oo helay Africa iyo waxa sano, kuma siin karo jawaab qeexan. ee xeebta waqooyi ee qaaradda Black waxaa si fiican u yaqaan in ay Yurub marka dib loogu noqdo wakhtiyadii hore. Liibiya iyo Masar waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Roomaanka.

goobaha waxbarasho ee sub-Sahara Africa, ayaa la bilaabay in Age reer Portugal ee Discovery. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gobollada gudaha ah ee qaaradda Afrika ay weli tahay sahamin ilaa qarnigii XIX bartamihii.

Qarniyadii

Phoenicians The aasaasay gobolka Mediterranean tiro ka mid ah magaalooyinka-deegaanada, ugu caansan kuwaas oo ahaa Carthage. Waxa uu ahaa dadka baayacmushtariyaashii iyo kuwii BURCAD. Ilaa 600 BC Phoenicians ku qaadeen maraakiibta dhowr safar ku wareegsan Africa. Waxay ka Badda Cas dhoofay ee Masar, madax koonfureed ee xeebta, soo koobay qaaradda, soo jeestay woqooyi, ugu dambeyntii Badda Mediterranean ku dhacay iyo dalalkoodii hooyo ku soo laabtay. Sayidka, the first to ogaadaan Africa, la oran karo waa Phoenicians qadiimiga.

duulaan ee Hanno

il qadiimiga dhowro tilmaamay safarka in ay xeebta Phoenicians Senegal 500 BC. Hogaamiyaha duulaan ku ahaa Navigator ee Carthage. Tani waa taariikhda ugu horaysa loo yaqaan of nin socoto ah ka mid ah kuwa helay Africa. Ninkan ayaa magaca Gannon.

Its raxan 60 Laakiinse doonniyo waxay ka Carthage yimid, iyada oo Strait of Gibraltar maray iyo xeebaha Morocco dhaqaaqay. Waxaa Phoenicians aasaasay dhowr deegaanada, iyo dhaqaaqay. taariikhyahanadu Modern isku raacsan yihiin in Gannon gaadhay, ugu yaraan in ay Senegal. Waxaa laga yaabaa in meesha ugu xad dhaaf ah oo duulaan ku noqday Cameroon ama Gabon.

ololaha Carabta

By ku AD qarnigii XIII, North Africa ayaa lagu guulaystay by Muslimiinta. Kolkaasay waxay ku dhaqaaqay. In bari, oo ay la socdaan Nile si Nubia, oo reer galbeed ah - ee guud ahaan Sahara si Mauritania. macluumaad sax ah oo ku saabsan waxa sannad furay Africa baadiyaha ah, aan la sii raagayaan. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in faafitaanka diinta Islaamka ka mid ah dadka madow ee qaaradda ka dhacay qarniyo IX-XIV.

guutadii Portuguese Hore

Yurub ayaa xiiso u qaarada madow ee qarnigii XV ah. Portuguese Daabacashooyinka Enrike (Heinrich), loo yaqaan Navigator ah, nidaamsan sahamiyey xeebta Africa oo raadinaya wadada badda si Hindiya ah. In 1420, Portuguese dhisay dejinta a jasiiradda of Madeira, iyo in 1431 dhawaaqey Azores dhulka ay. goobahaasi waxay noqon dhibcood tixraaca ee guutadii mustaqbalka.

In 1455 iyo 1456 laba cilmi Alvise Cadamosto ka Venice iyo USUS di Mare Genoa Markabka gaadhay afka Gambia iyo xeebta Senegal. Isla mar ahaantaana, sahamisa kale Talyaani Antonio De Noli helay gasiiradaha Cape Verde. Waxa uu markii dambe ka noqday taliyaha ugu horeysay. Dhammaan musaafiriinta kuwan, kuwaas oo furay Yurub si Africa, waxay ahaayeen in hawshii Enrique amiirka reer Portugal. Abaabulan ay duulaan helay Senegal, Gambia iyo Guinea.

waxbarashada dheeraad ah

Laakiin dhimashada Henry Navigator ka dib, ee guutadii Portuguese xeebaha African sii. In 1471 Fernan Gomes dalka Ghana ee dahab hodan furay. In 1482 Diogo Kahn helay afka webiga weyn, oo wuxuu bartay oo ku saabsan jiritaanka boqortooyada weyn ee Congo. Portuguese aasaasay West Africa dhowr qalcado deyr leh. Waxay ka iibiyey taliyayaasha maxalliga ah ka buuxaan sarreen iyo maro beddelkeeda dahab iyo addoommo.

Laakiin raadinta jidka loo Hindiya in ay sii wadaan. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias gaadhay heer koonfureed ee qaaradda Afrika. Waxay ahayd mid la odhan jiray ee Cape of Good Hope. Markii la weydiiyay oo ku saabsan cidda iyo Africa markii la furay, inta badan maskaxda ku dhacdadan.

Ugu dambeyntii, Vasco da Gama, tegaayo ka danbeeya Cape of Good Hope, uu ka hor tageen oo 1498 gaaray India. Jidka uu helay Mozambique iyo Mombasa, halkaas oo uu ka helay raad baayacmushtariyadii Shiinaha.

gumaysigii Dutch

Tan iyo qarnigii XVII ah, Dutch ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay inuu dhex gelin galay Africa. Waxay aasaasay Indian West iyo Shirkadda East India si ay gumeysato dalalka dibada, iyo ay u baahan dekedaha dhexe ay u safraan Asia. Portugal ayaa isku dayay in uu joojiyo hamiga Netherlands. Waxay sheegtay in qof furay horeysay Africa ee, oo waa mid ka mid ah leedahay qaaradda. War danbayay u dhexeeya dalalka, taas oo Dutch ah u suurtagashay in ay galaan a on qaaradda.

In 1652 Jan van Riebeeck aasaasay magaalada Cape Town, kaas oo ahaa bilowgii gumaysigii reer Koonfur Afrika.

The hamiga ah dalalka kale ee Yurub

Waxa intaa dheer in reer Portugal iyo Holland, dalalka kale sidoo kale u qasdiyay in la dhiso gumeysi a on qaaradda. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ilaa xad gaar ah oo la odhan karaa by kuwa helay Africa, sababtoo ah soohdinta reer sub-Sahara Africa isla wakhtigaasba waxaa si buuxda loo sahamin, iyo duulaan kasta oo daahfurtay in sameeyey cusub.

Horeba 1530 baayacmushtariyadii British bilaabay inuu ka ganacsan ee West Africa, soo dhacnay ciidamada Portuguese. In 1581 Frensis Dreyk gaartay Cape of Good Hope. In 1663, British dhisay Fort James in Gambia ah.

France wuxuu leeyahay isha ku Madagascar. Sanadii 1642dii Shirkadda Faransiis ah Hindiya East aasaasay dejinta ah ee qaybta koonfureed yeedhay Fort Dauphin. Eten De flacourtia daabacay Xusuusqorkan ah oo ku saabsan waxa uu waqti Madagascar, kaas oo muddo dheer soo noqday isha ugu muhiimsan ee macluumaadka ku saabsan jasiiradda.

In 1657 baayacmushtariyadii Swedish aasaasay dejinta ee Cape Coast ee Ghana, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan eryay by deenishka, kuwaas oo la aasaasay Fort Christiansborg dhow la joogo-maalin Accra.

In 1677, Friedrich Prussian Boqorka Wilhelm waan in xeebta galbeed ee Africa soo diray duulaan. Taliyaha duulaan ku, Captain Blonk dhisay dejinta loo yaqaan Gross Fridrihburg iyo soo celiyay ah Portuguese qalcaddii la dayacay ee Arguin. Laakiin 1720, boqorkii go'aansadeen inay iibiyaan salka inay Netherlands ee 7000 ducats.

Studies of qarnigii XIX ah

In qarniyo XVII-XVIII, xeebaha oo dhan Africa ayaa si caddaalad ah si fiican u bartay. Laakiin dhulka ee qaaradda qaybta ugu gudahood ku hadhay ah "rigoore cad". Kuwa ogaaday Africa, waxay ahaayeen mashquul ka saareen faa'iido halkii cilmi sayniska. Laakiin by bartamihii qarnigii XIX iyo dhulka gudaha ayaa la kulma oo xiiso of Yurub. In 1848 waxaa la furay Mount Kilimanjaro, on top of taas oo waxaa lagu daboolayaa baraf. The aan caadi ahayn nooca Africa, noocyada hore aan la garanayn xoolaha iyo dhirta ayaa soo jiitay saynisyahano Yurub.

Catholic iyo Protestant adeegayaashan sidoo kale doonayeen inay qoto dhex gelin galay qaarada inuu wax ku wacdiyo Masiixiyada ka mid ah kuwa aqoon leh qabiilooyinka.

David Livingstone

Bilowga ee qarnigii XIX reer Yurub ogaa si aad u wanaagsan halkaas oo waa Africa. Laakiin aad u liidata fahamsan yahay in ay gudahood waa. Mid ka mid ah dadka ka soo quarter lama filaan ah helay Africa, waxay ahayd adeegayaashii Scottish David Livingstone. saaxiibada wuxuu sameeyey dadka deegaanka oo markii ugu horeysay booqday gobollada ugu fog ee qaarada.

In 1849 Livingstone gudbeen Desert Kalahari oo waxaa la kulmay hore oo aan la garaneyn qabiilka reer Yurub Wills. In 1855, halka safraya hareeraha webiga Zambezi , uu furay quruxda cajiib ah oo ah biyo-dhac ah, kaas oo uu go'aansaday in uu siiyo magaca Queen Victoria Ingiriiska. Back ee Britain, Livingstone daabacay buug ka hadlaya uu duulaan, taas oo sababtay xiiso loo arag oo ku tageen in la iibiyo 70,000 oo nuqul.

In 1858, cilmi back to Africa tegey. Wuxuu bartay si faahfaahsan Lake Nyasa iyo degaanka ku hareereysan. buugga labaad waxaa qoray dhamaadka safarka. Ka dib markii Livingstone in aqbaleen inuu duulaan saddexaad iyo finalka. Its Ujeedada waxay ahayd in la helo ilaha of the Nile. Livingstone sahamiyey gobolka Great Lakes. Isha Webi Niil, oo waa inuusan ka heli kari waayay, laakiin baa'bin badan oo dhulka hore oo aan la garaneyn.

Livingston may ahayn oo kaliya cilmi-aad u fiican laakiin sidoo kale bani-weyn. Wuxuu ka soo horjeeda addoonsiga iyo nacayb isir.

Sidaas kuwaas oo helay Africa?

The jawaab sax ah oo kaliya in ay su'aashan kajirin. Waa wax aan macquul in la yidhaahdo waa hubaal kuwaas oo helay Africa iyo waxa sano. Iyo ma ahan oo keliya, sababtoo ah in qaybta waqooyi ee qaaradda this waxaa loo yaqaan waayo, dadkii reer Europe tan iyo markii Maqal time. Laakiin sidoo kale, sababtoo ah Africa - dhashay ee nin. Waxa aan la furin. Waxaa Africans ayaa ogaadeen qaaradood kale oo iyaga degeen.