Yuu yahay Boris Godunov? Biography of Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov

dadka Modern si dhib keeni dhib in su'aasha ah, "Yaa waa Boris Godunov?". Too si fiican u yaqaan in ay magaca iyo meesha degan ee taxane ah oo autocrats kale Ruush waayo. Laakiin taasi waa qiimayn shakhsi of this qof taariikhi ah oo firfircoon waa inta badan lagu murmo. Bixinta ka go'dayna waxay maanka dadweynaha iyo line siyaasadeed, taas oo loogu talagalay a boqol oo sano ka hormarey ee dib u habaynta ee Peter aan, waxaa inta badan lagu eedeeyay muquuninayaa xoog iyo xataa caruurta. Personality Boris Godunov waa mawduuca dood ka badan dhowr qarniyo soo dhaafay.

Jidka si ay awood

Sida ay legend, ku dhashay Godunov billaabay mid ka mid ah amiirradii badan Tatar, waqtiga Ivana Kality deganaa ee Moscow oo waxay u adeegeen sidii Grand Duke si daacad ah. taliyaha mustaqbalka of Russia laftiisa, Boris Feodorovich Godunov, kuwaas oo story nolosha waa tusaale ka mid ah duushay bulshada aan caadi ahayn, waxa uu ku dhashay 1552 in qoyska ka mid ah nin oday reer u yar degmada Viazemsky. Haddii aanay la yaabka ah, oo magiciisa marnaba ayaa u muuqday lahaa bogagga taariikhda qaranka.

Laakiin sida aad ogtahay, in kiiska uu jecel yahay kuwa wax yaqaanna sida loo isticmaalo. Boris dhallinyarada iyo hami kaliya ahaa mid ka mid ah dadka. Waxa uu isticmaalaa saameynta ay adeerkiis, oo noqday in times of Ivana Groznogo mid ka mid ah boqorkii qiyaas, iyo, ku biiro madaxda sare ee askar ka tagay ee taariikhda raad mugdi ah oo dhiig leh, ka dhigay heshiis KT, ku dhuftay in uu goobada gudaha. Markii uu noqday ina-Malyuta Skuratov - mid ka mid ah ugu awoodda badan oo xubnaha ugu Iyadaa ah aqoonyahanada dalka ee xilligii - mowqifkeeda si qeexan u xoogaystay.

Dhimashada boqorka, taas oo kor u furay rajada cusub Boris

Tallaabada xigta si ay u saaray munaaraddii awoodda ahaa arooskii walaashiis Irene leh dhaxalka lahaa carshiga ku xidhan, oo ahaa ina Ivana Groznogo, oo amiir u taag iyo tabar Fedor. Tani waxay ogol yahay nin oday reer u yar Viazemskii noqday mid ka mid ah ragga ugu xoogga badan ee ka dambeeya waqtiga. Taariikhyahanadu ku heshiiyaan in sanadihii la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa boqorkii haad iyo maroorsi qaaday inta badan go'aamada sarkhaansan Godunov.

Laakiin dhab ahaantii waqti ku Borisa Godunova bilaabay dhimashada Ivan Xun iyo goysiga carshiga reer binu wiilkiisa ka dib. Aqbalay taajkii boqornimada on sharciga isku xigta, Fedor ma xukumi karto dalka by Samo falku inaad ah dhimaal maskaxeed, oo waxaa golaha ee sharcigan oo qotomiyey si ay u qabtaan shaqo this. In soddog u ahaa madax dhallinyarada aan lagu soo daray waxa ku jira, laakiin by jiray cayn kasta oo intrigues ku dhowaad keentay gobolka oo dhan afar iyo toban sannadood ee ina sharciga.

Dadaalka waayo, waxyaalaha wanwanaagsan ee gobolka

Tani waa markii a by badan oo tallaabada horusocod calaamadeeyay. Sababo Godunov Ruush Orthodox Church noqday autocephalous. Waxaa la madax Job awowe, taas oo kor u kacay sharafta caalamiga ah ee dalka. gobolka sanadihii la soo dhaafay gudahood waa dhismaha ballaaran biloowday magaalooyinka iyo Guryahoodu. taliye caaqil iyo garashada leh Godunov ka dibadda, ka injineero ugu kartida badan, kuwaas oo dar dar geliyay horumarinta naqshadaha guryaha lagu casuumay.

In caasimadda ah ee shuqulladiisa ayaa la soo bandhigay wakhtigaas la kahdo ee hal-abuurnimo - biyaha, qalabaysan oo bambooyin iyo xirmaan River Moskva la dayrka deggan. Si loo ilaaliyo magaaladii devyatikilometrovoy Tatar jabsata Godunov bilaabay dhismaha derbigiisa City White iyo xadhiggii qalcad ah in markaas ay ahaayeen on goobta maanta ee Garden Ring. Thanks iyaga, caasimadda ayaa la soo badbaadiyay inta lagu guda jiro weerar of Khan Kazi Giray ee 1591.

Dhimashada kii dhaxalka lahaa dhallaan carshiga

Sidoo kale 1591, dhacdo ka dhacday taas oo keentay in arrinta kuwa Boris Godunov for Russia - sokay ama gool kulaad ah, ilaa maantadan la joogo ma ka heli kartaa jawaab waadix ah. Xaqiiqada ah in on 11 May duruufo dahsoon oo aan la sharrixin weli dilay wiilkii ugu yaraa Ivana Groznogo - Tsarevich Dimitri, oo waxaa loo arkaa sida kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga. Qof walba waa ogaa in Godunov dheer ku riyoon jiray carshiga reer boqor, oo belef sidaas daraaddeed caan ku dhawaaqay in uu dambi mujrim.

Waxaa ma caawin iyo gabagabada guddiga baaritaanka u soo diray inuu Uglich, halkaas oo musiibo ku dhacday. In aan micne lahayn guddoomiyaha, Prince Vasily Shumsky, loo yaqaan sababta dhimashada ahaa shil. Tani waxay kaliya u adeegeen si ay u xoojiyaan isla dhexmarayo in madaxtooyada fuliyey ku arrinsadeen inay enthronement reer usurper iyo-killers ilmaha - boyar Godunov. Xitaa guulaha ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda oo ku soo laabtay iyaga by dhulka ku lumay intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Livonian ah, ma beddeli cadaawad guud.

riyadii

Bishii September 1598 (Biography Godunova Borisa Fedorovicha - cadeyn toos ah) qofka in noloshiisa jir- bedelay - dhimashada Tsar ka dib markii Fedor Ivanovich Zemsky Sobor isaga siiyey jir hat Monomakh. Waxaan bilaabay tirinta boqortooyada toddoba sano. Laga soo bilaabo maalmood ee ugu horreeya siyaasadda cusub ee Emperor waxaa loo loogu talagalay isku daya in la West, taas oo ku siinayaa xaq u leeyihiin inay sii joogaan egyihiin ay la guddiga KT mustaqbalka ee Peter Waxaan, si ay u fuliyaan si buuxda.

Like inverter mustaqbalka Russia, Godunov isku dayeen in ay ku lug leeyihiin maaddooyin uu guulaha ay ilbaxnimada adduunka. Si taas loo gaaro, ayuu heshiiska si Moscow shisheeye fara badan kuwaas oo ka tagay qorid ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda dambe ee dalka. iyaga ka mid ah, oo ay la socdaan saynisyahano iyo injineero, weliba waxaa kaloo jiray wakiilada beesha ganacsiga, kuwaas oo noqday aasaasayaasha qolooyinka baayacmushtariga caan ah. Waxaan ka siyaasadda iyo ciidanka Ruushka, hodan by khubaro badan oo ciidamada shisheeye ka faa'iideysteen.

Mucaaradka - qarsoon oo cad

Laakiin, inkastoo oo dhan tallaabada wanaagsan ee boqorka, oo uu soo horjeeda siyaasadda ee wajiga oo ka mid ah boyars qadiimiga midoobeen mucaaradka oo wuxuu damcay inuu afgembiyo gooyo nebcaaday. Waxay qarsoodi iyo caddaanba isku dayeen in ay ka soo hor jeedaa falalka oo dhan. Marka ee 1601. dalka ka jirtay abaar aad u daran, taas oo socday saddex sannadood iyo unosshaya nolosha kumanaan dad ah, boyars dadka in ay tahay cadaabka Eebe maxaa yeelay, dhiiggii dhibanayaasha aan waxba galabsan ee Tsarevich Dmitry faafin warkeeda.

Isku dayga in ay ka hortagaan cadaawayaashooda gudaha Godunov lahaa in ay door biday in ay cadaadis. gobta badan ayaa gelin sannadahaas, qaybshay ama diray maxaabiis ahaan. Laakiin waxay ahaayeen ehelkooda necbaa boqorka iyo khatar dhab ah isaga loogu talagalay. Waxay sidoo kale isku dayeen in ay qarka u kacay tacsida madow Boris.

nolosha dhammaaneysa Sad iyo boqornimadii

Wixii dhib ah ugu weyn ee isaga u ahaa muuqaalka kore ee Dmitry ku Been, iska dhigaya baxsaday Tsarevich Dimitri. Firin meel kasta war been ah oo ku saabsan meesha uu ku jiray oo aan ahaa. Boris Godunov, sida ugu wanaagsan ee uu kari, wuxuu isku dayay in uu iska caabin ah, laakiin dadaal uu ku jiray aan micne lahayn - mucaaradka sameeyey ay shaqo. Dadka dhaba rumeysan yahay khayaali distributable iyo nebcaadeen.

Biography of Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov ku hayaa wax badan oo qarsoon. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa duruufaha uu dhintay, April la raadiyo 13, 1605. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in caafimaadka gooyo waqtigan waxaa si fiican hoos by daal iyo stress neerfayaasha, ay jirto sabab lagu rumaysan yihiin in dhimashada Boris ahaa dulmiga. cilmi Individual sidoo kale waxa ay u arkaan ka tagay ikhtiyaar ah ka nolosha.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah arrimaha la xiriira in,, tiradaasi taariikhiga ah ma caadiga ah weli sugaya caymiska. Waxaan kaliya nabadu waa ku garanayaa kii Boris Godunov, laakiin waxa moolka dheer oo uu qofku shakhsiyadiisu si wajiyo badan indhahayaga ka qarsoon tahay.