10 xaqiiqooyinka yar-yaqaan ah oo ku saabsan caan Captain James Cook

Dzheyms Kuk ahaa Navigator ah, kan naftiisa u gaaban inta lagu guda jiro u suurtagashay in ay ku guuleysato jacaylka saaxiibada iyo ixtiraam ee cadowga. Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay la yaabeen uu saffarro-iyo hufnaanta. Wuxuu ku sameeyey laba fiicfiican oo adduunka ku wareegsan, awooday in la dhamaystiro map dunida oo baadhaan jasiiradaha koonfurta badweynta Pacific iyo baraf Arctic ah. Ku dhawaad 150 sano ayaa ka soo wareegtay tan iyo markii uu markab "Camal Fashay" (Fashay ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "Dadaal") ayaa markii ugu horeysay ku degay xeebaha bari ee Australia. Hoos waxaa ku qoran 10 xaqiiqooyinka yar-yaqaano oo ku saabsan Captain Cook, kuwaas oo marka waagu ee mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed, ayaa balan qaaday inay ku dabaashaan "intii suurtogal ah."

1. Cook u tageen inay u adeegaan ee Navy ka yara daahay

Ka hor inta uusan Navy ah, Cook shaqeeyay on beer ku taal Yorkshire. At 17, uu diiwaan geliyaa maraakiibta ganacsiga, markabka Walkers walaalo ah. Waxa uu u dhoofay on maraakiibta kala duwan ee shirkadda muddo ku dhow 10 sano, ka daalin waxbarashada cartography, juqraafiga, xisaabta iyo navigation. Dzheyms Kuk diiday in ay meel sirkaalkii markab ganacsi iyo halkii biiray Navy Royal sida badmaaxa ah. Cook ahayd 26 sano jir. Command dhow isla markiiba mahad tayo iyo waayo-aragnimo oo ka mid ah askarta cusub, iyo laba sano ka dib wuxuu noqday karin sayidkayga ah, oo dhawr sano ka dib la siiyey amarka uu markabka u gaar ah.

2. Waxa uu ahaa cartographer xirfad leh

Inta lagu jiro khibradda War toddobadii sannadood ay wadci ee James Cook caawiyay Britain ku guuleysto Battle of Quebec. In 1760, uu markabka u gaar ah, uu sahamiyey jasiiradda of Newfoundland, oo ku yaalla meel ka baxsan xeebta Kanada. Qariirad loo sameeyay ayaa Cooke ahaa si sax ah in loo isticmaali jiray ilaa qarnigii XX bartamihii. xirfadaha Captain Cook ee navigation iyo navigation u noqday Arsenal ugu weyn ee hawlaha cilmi ay. Waxa uu loo ogolaaday inuu ka tago safar ku nool dunida ee ay markabka u gaar ah ilaa xad ka weyn maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan, sida kale ma jiro, si ay u maraan in biyaha aan la aqoon.

3. safar dunida ugu horreeya ee Captain Cook ahaa in fact hawlgal qarsoodi ah

The duulaan cilmi koowaad ee Captain Cook bilaabay bishii August 1768, dawladda Ingiriiska u wakiishay in uu amarka markabka "Camal Fashay", kaas oo laga tiriyey oo qiyaastii boqol oo shaqaale ah. Rasmi ah, safarka lahaa ujeedada cilmi ah - si ay u dhawraan marinka ee Venus on kastana falagiisuu dhex qoraxda, laakiin dhab ahaantii sirkaalkii lahaa hawl dheeraad ah - ". Continent Southern Great" in la raadiyo ah Sida ay fikrado, dhulka mass waxa uu ku yaalaa meel fog xagga koonfureed. Cook dhoofeen barbar 40aad, laakiin laga helay raad lahayn ee qaarada. Waxa uu u dhoofay agagaarka New Zealand, isagoo caddaynaya inuu dhab ahaantii waa labada jasiiradood ee la xiran oo aan midba midka kale. Intii uu safarka labaad oo adduunka ah, Cook sii search of qaaradda koonfurta. In 1770, uu gadiga cajiib ah ayaa ku dhow inay Jacaylku, laakiin baraf culus oo isaga lagu qasbay in ay dib u soo noqdaan.

4. "Camal Fashay" ku dhawaad degtay on Great Barrier Reef

Ka dib markii uu safar ugu horeysay Cook go'aansaday inuu ka dhoofo Australia xagga woqooyi. Maxaa yeelay, isagu doortay biyaha aan la garanayn, markabka u dhoofay si toos ah u soo shacaab of Great Barrier Reef. June 11, 1770 "Camal Fashay" ahayd la jebiyey, oo waxay bilaabeen inay buuxisid biyo. Kooxda, ka cabsada burburkii, waxa uu noqday heshiis la dillaac ah, iyo xataa tuur ee badda ah oo qoryaha culus iyo foosto. Kooxda ayaa ka mid ah in ka badan labaatan saacadood ee godka u xiran yihiin, ka dib markii taas oo ah "Camal Fashay" laabtay dekedda Australian ahaa. 2 bilood ka dib markii dayactir doonnidii waxay mar kale diyaar u ah inay ka xeebaha dhoofo.

5. Dzheyms Kuk isticmaalo hababka cusub ee ka hortaga scurvy

In qarnigii XVIII ah, wax kasta oo safar dheer ku weheliyay cudur dilaa ah - kii cambaar qaba, laakiin Cook ahaa awoodaan in ay ka fogaadaan oo muuqashadeeduna at dhan seddex ka mid ah guutadii wax ay muddo dheer. Captain Cook isku dayeen in ay cunto u soo iibsadaan cusub joogsiga kasta. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu sheegay in isticmaalka joogtada ah ee cunto hodan ku vitamins kaabash dhanaan yaraynaysaa halista cudurka. Inta lagu guda jiro u diyaar guutadii wax ka, Cook ahaa tons rights reserved ee kaabash. Dhibaatada kaliya ahaa si aad u hesho baxriyiintii ayaa waxay leeyihiin saxan this aan caadi ahayn. Cook u tageen inay trick iyo weydiiyay kariya si maalin gudbiyo sauerkraut saraakiisha miiska. baxriyiintii ayaa arkay in amarka cunaya saxan this, waxay bilaabeen inay is weydiiyaan waxa ay sii kordhineysaa in aad cunto.

6. cadaawayaashiinna Xitaa Britain ee la ixtiraamo Captain Cook

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in safarka ka dhacay Cook waqti marka Britain ahaa dagaal kula dalalka dhawr, iyaga ka mid ah Maraykanka, Spain iyo France, sumcadiisa - Navigator fiican iyo sahamisa - oggolaan inuu dabaasho biyaha ku cadow in ammaanka qaraabo. In July 1772, intii uu safarka labaad oo adduunka ah, koox dad ah reer Spain si kooban xiray maraakiibta uu, laakiin ogaaday in ay kabtanka ahaa Cook, way u daayeen markabka.

7. Captain Cook doonayay marinka galbeed ah

In 1776, at da'da 47, Cook u baxay inuu ka duulaan shidaal saddexaad. Markan, goolkiisii uu ahaa in la helo Gudbinta Waqooyi Galbeed, kaas oo isku xira badaha Pacific iyo Atlantic. Albaaka badhkiisa dunida dacaladeeda, maraakiibta Cook u socday xeebaha waqooyi ee galbeedka Canada iyo Alaska. Cook gaaray ku dhawaad inay sii maraan, oo aan u dhoofay wadar ahaan 50 miles. baaritaan dheeraad ah ma suurtowdo ay sabab u tahay barafka si degdeg ah horumarinta. xaalado adag, ka mid ah taas oo ay jiraan kuwo hadda xoog leh oo badan oo icebergs culus, keenay kooxda u weerarada Cook. Maxaa yeelay, niyadda ah ee badmaax oo uu, Cook ayaa lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu.

8. barbariyiintiina Hawaiian qaaday Captain Cook sidii ilaah a

Intii ay safarka ku saddexaad Dzheyms Kuk noqday Yurub ugu horeeyay ee cag on Islands Hawaiian ah. beegay cajiib ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ay ka imanayaan doonniyaha Navy Royal si Hawaii beegantay xaflad sanadle ah oo lagu sharfayo ah ilaaha reer bacriminta. Tan iyo dadka deegaanka ayaa waligay ma arag dad caddaan ama markab weyn on kaas oo ay ka dhoofnay, Cook oo isaga saaxiibbadiis ah ayaa la geeyay ILaahyo, kuwaas oo go'aansaday inay hoos tagaan oo qaadan hadiyado. Yurub hammuun ee ciyarata sida hadiyado, iyo cuntada, ku dhowaad loo diiday ka barbariyiintiina of edibles. Ay "rabbaani ah" noloshu waa marka mid ka mid ah baxriyiintii ayaa u dhintay wadnaha oo istaaga. Oo barbariyiintii waxay arkeen dadkii cad qalaad ma aha dhiman. Tan iyo markaas, xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya Captain Cook iyo qabiilooyinka Hawaiian ayaa si xun u cidhiidhi ah.

9. Captain Dzheyms Kuk dhintay geeri naxdin leh

In 1779, maraakiibta Captain Cook ayaa ku qasbanaaday inuu joojiyo dayactirka ee Bay of Hawaii. By wakhtigaas, dadka deegaanka bilaabay inuu daaweeyo visitors aad cadowga ku ah Yurub. Ka dib markii barbariyiintiina xadday doon ah mid ka mid ah Markabka, sirkaalkii lumisay gacan ku haynta iyo hoos u tegey inay dalka soo waxyaabaha la iskaga baahan inuu ku soo laabto guriga. Cook iyo koox yar oo rag hubeysan ay isku dayeen in ay qabsadaan hoggaamiyaha, laakiin dadka maxalliga ah ay ka imaan karaan in samatabbixinta. Isku dayga in Eryin dadka deegaanka ka kabtanka iyo raggiisiiba, oo saarnaa markab oo bilaabay rasaas qoryaha, taas oo sii careysiiyay oo cabsadeen barbariyiintiina. Cook dib oo doonnida u soo orday, laakiin ma uusan haysan waqti ay ku ordaan iyaga. Oo barbariyiintii waxay isagii ku dhagxiyeen, oo dhexda u oo waxay bilaabeen inay ku garaacday kooxaha alwaax culus. Hogaamiyaha, kuwaas oo ahaa sirkaalkii uu isku dayayo inuu qabashada, ku dhaawacmeen Cook mindi. Ka dib markii dadka deegaanka ogaaday in sirkaalkii la dilay, ay jidhka cilmibaadhe ee loo diyaariyey aaska sharaf buuxa istaahila in boqorkii a.

10. NASA ayaa magacaabay shuttles ka dib markii markab Captain Cook ee ay

Intii uu nolosha, Cook sahamiyey iyo baa'bin tirada cajiib ah meelaha, in ka badan kale qarnigii kasta XVIII sahamisa. Uu guulaha cajiib ah soo jiitay badmaax oo keliya ma aha, laakiin saynisyahano NASA iyo injineerada. The Slaam meel saddexaad NASA ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii markabka saddexaad Cook ee "Discovery". Waxay iska daba-soo dhaafay ayaa loo magacaabay "Camal Fashay", oo lagu sharfayo markab koowaad ee Captain Cook, halkaas oo uu ka dhigay safar ugu horeysay ee adduunka oo dhan.