Goysiga ee Finland in Russia: kooban

Bilowga ee qarnigii XIX ah, dhacdo ka dhacday taas oo saamayn ku yeelan qaddar ee dad degganaa dhulka ku dhow xeebaha ee badda bari iyo qarniyo badan oo hoos timaad maamulka oo ka mid ah ciqaab Swedish ahaa. falkan taariikhiga ahaa goysiga ah ee Finland in Russia, kuwaas oo taariikhda asaas for this article.

document noqday sabab u ah dagaalka Ruush-Swedish

September 17, 1809 on xeebaha Gacanka Finland ee Fredrikshamn Emperor Alexander I iyo Swedish Boqorka Gustav IV saxiixay heshiiska, taas oo keentay in goysiga ah ee Finland si Russia. Qoraalkan waxa uu ahaa natiijo guul ciidamada Ruush, taageeray by France iyo Denmark ee la soo dhaafay of taxane ah oo muddo dheer dagaallo Ruush-Swedish.

goysiga ee Finland in Russia hoos Alexander 1 ahaa jawaab u racfaanka Borgorskogo Sejm - kulanka ugu horeeya ee dadyowga rag & dumar deggan Finland, dowladda Ruush la codsi ku saabsan aqbalitaanka ay dalka Ruushka ee Xuquuqda Grand Duchy ee Finland, iyo gabagabo ah ee ururka shakhsi.

badanaa taariikhyahanadu waxay rumaysanyihiin in ay ahayd fal-celin wanaagsan in Alexander Emperor ee aan tan qaranka wadadii siin doonaa dhismaha gobolka Finnish qaranka, kuwaas oo dadka ka hor this waxaa si buuxda gacanta aqoonyahanada dalka Sweden. Sidaas darteed, waa ma buunbuunin oo u sheegay in Russia waa Finland lagugu leeyahay abuurista ay qarannimada.

Finland sida qayb ka mid ah boqortooyada Sweden

Waxaa la og yahay in ka hor bilowgii qarnigii XIX dhulka ee Finland, kuwaas oo la degganaa oo ay qabiil oo wadarta iyo EM, marna dal madax-bannaan ah. Inta u dhaxaysa X oo ka hor bilowgii qarnigii XIV waxaa leh Novgorod, laakiin 1323 ayaa lagu guulaystay by Sweden qarniyo, oo ay gacanta ku hayaan yimid.

Sida ay maxbuus ku ah isla sanadka heshiis Orekhovskaya, Finland ahayd qayb ka mid ah boqortooyada Sweden in xuquuqda madaxbannaani, iyo in 1581 heshay aqoonsi rasmi ah ee Grand Duchy ee Finland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida xaqiiqada ah, oo ay dadka si sharci ah iyo maamul ahaan hoos geliyey wax takoor aad u daran. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dadka Finnishka ah waxay xaq u leeyihiin in uu soo dhaweeyo wakiiladooda baarlamaanka Sweden, tiradooduna waxay ahayd sidaa darteed aan qiimo lahayn in aan u oggolayn wax saamayn ah oo ku saabsan xalka of arrimaha hadda. Tani state of arrimaha socday ilaa ilaa in 1700 aan la jebiyey weli dagaal kale oo Ruush-Swedish.

goysiga ee Finland in Russia: bilowgii geedi socodka

Inta lagu guda jiro Northern War Great, dhacdooyinka ugu weyn ka dhacay dhab ahaan gayiga Finnish. In 1710, ciidamada Peter aan ka dib markii la hareereeyo guul qabtay magaalada iyo sidoo kale-deyrka lahaa oo dalka Vyborg iyo xaqiijisatay hab on badda bari sida. Ka dib guushii ay ciidamada Ruush ku guuleystay afar sano ka dib ee Battle of Napuze ogol yahay in la sii daayo ee dalka Iswiidan ku dhowaad dhammaan Grand Duchy ee Finland.

Waxaa weli ma la oran karo waa sida goysiga buuxda oo Finland si Russia, tan iyo qayb weyn oo ka mid ah ayaa weli ay ahayd qayb ka mid ah Sweden, laakiin waxa ay bilaabeen geedi socodka. Waxaa xitaa ma joojin karto isku day dheeraad ah si ay ugu aargudaan ee guuldarada soo gaaray by qaaday dalka Iswiidan ee 1741 iyo 1788, laakiin labada jeer uu guul no.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda Nishtadt heshiiskii in dhamaaday dagaalka, oo maxbuus North ah ee 1721, u guuray dhulka Ruush ee Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, iyo tiro ka mid ah jasiiradaha badda bari. Intaa waxaa dheer, boqortooyadiisa noqday Southwest Karelia iyo magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Finland - Vyborg.

Waxa uu noqday xarunta maamulka la aasaasay wax yar gobolka Vyborg, waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay gobolka St. Petersburg. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumintiga, Russia wareegay waajibaadka dhammaan gacanata iyada dhulal Finnish ah si loo badbaadiyo, xuquuqda hore ee jira muwaadiniinta iyo mudnaanta kooxaha bulshada qaarkood. Waxaa la siiyaa ilaalinta ee dhammaan aasaaska diinta hore, oo ay ku jiraan xorriyadda in ay ku dhaqmaan dadka ka mid ah iimaanka evangelical, waxbarashada Afika iyo ruuxi ah ee dugsiyada.

Marxaladda xigta ee ballaarinta soohdimaha waqooyiga

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Empress Elizabeth ee 1741 ka qarxay dagaal Ruush-Swedish cusub. Waxay sidoo kale noqday mid ka mid ah marxaladaha kala duwan ee geedi socodka, natiijada oo ku dhowaad todobo sano ee dambe, wuxuu ahaa goysiga ah ee Finland si Russia.

Natiijada ay soo koobay waxa lagu soo koobi karaa laba dhibcood oo muhiim ah - waa in ay qabsadaan dhul weyn oo Grand Duchy ee Finland gacanta Swedish ahaa, taasoo u ogolaatay ciidamada Ruush in ay kor u dhaqaaqo Oulu, ka dibna raacay manifesto ugu sareeya. waxa In March 18, 1742 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, ku dhawaaqay hordhaca ah ee Iswiidhan oo dhan ka soohdinta reer dowlad madax bannaan oo ku guuleystay.

Intaa waxaa dheer, sannad ka dib xarunta weyn maamul ee Finland - magaalada Turku - dowladda Ruush heshiis la wakiillo dhinaca Swedish ee heshiiska saxiixay, sida ay taas, qayb ka mid ah Russia noqday oo dhan Koonfurta Bari ee Finland. Waxa ay ahayd meel aad u weyn oo ka mid ah dalka, waxaa ka mid ah magaalooyinka Lappeenranta, Hamina, Nyslott ay xoog awood badan oo gobolka Kyumenegorskuyu iyo Savo. Sidaas darteed, soohdinta Ruush dheeraad ah ka fog St. Petersburg dhaqaaqay, sidaas yareynta khatarta ah ee weerarka Swedish on caasimadda dalka Ruushka.

In 1744, dhulka oo dhan waxaa ka mid ahaa in Empire Ruush ah oo ku saleysan heshiis kala saxiixday magaalada Turku, ayaa ku lifaaqan ee gobolka Vyborg hore abuuray, oo waxay ka sameeyeen gobolka Vyborg dhowaan la sameeyey. On dhulkeeda ayaa waxaa la aasaasay gobollada: Serdobol'skii, Vilmanstrandsky, Hamina, Neyshlotsky, Kexholm iyo Vyborg. Sida oo kale, gobolka socday ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka, ka dibna waxaa loo beddelaa Dowladda la foom gaar ah oo dowladda.

goysiga ee Finland in Russia: Midowga, faa'iido labada dal

Bilowga ee qarnigii XIX ee dhulka ee Finland oo qeyb ka ah Sweden jiray, wuxuu ahaa gobolka dhacsan beeraha. Its dadka wakhtigaas ma ka badnaan 800 kun. Dadka, kuwaas oo kaliya 5.5% noolaa meelaha magaalooyinka ah. On qastaan, waa dal kiraystaha, jiifay dulmigii uu double labada amiirradii dhulgoosadka Swedish, iyo sidoo kale iyaga u gaar ah. Tan waxaa inta badan dhac horumarinta dhaqanka iyo aqoonsiga qaranka.

Ku biirista ee Finland in Russia ay ahayd shaki faa'iidada labada dal. Alexander I awooday, sidaas daraaddeed, xuduudda ka fog iska in ay dib u riixaan ay caasimadda - St. Petersburg, taas oo inta badan ka qayb qaatay sidii loo xoojin lahaa ammaanka ay.

Dadka Finnishka ah sida in ay gacanta of Russia, faa'iiday badan oo xoriyad ilaa xad ee deegaanka awoodda sharci-dejinta iyo fulinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhacdadan waxaa ka hormarey kale, 11-ka oo isku xigta, oo la soo dhaafay ee taariikhda dagaalka Ruush-Swedish, taas oo ka qarxay 1808 ka dhexeeya labada dal.

dagaal ugu danbeysay ee u dhexeeya Russia iyo Sweden

Sida aan ognahay ka documents arkiifiyo, dagaalka la boqortooyada Sweden kuma jirin qorshayaasha of Alexander I iyo jiray isaga la fal khasabka, cidhibta ah taas oo ahayd goysiga ah ee Finland si Russia. Xaqiiqada ah in, sida laga soo xigtay heshiis Tilsit u saxiixay 1807 dhexeeya Ruushka iyo Napoleonic France, gooyo qaaday mas'uuliyadda in ay Sweden iyo Denmark ka dhaadhiciso in xanibaadda qaaradda rogeen cadaw caadi wakhtigaas - England.

Haddii deenishku waxay ahaayeen wax dhibaato ah ma, Sweden Korol Gustav IV aslanba diiday soo jeedinta horey isaga by. Isagoo daalan oo dhan fursadaha si loo gaaro natiijada la rabay loo marayo diblomaasiyadda, Alexander I ayaa lagu qasbay in ay door biday in ay cadaadiska milatari.

Bilowga hawlgallada milateri ee waxay noqotay mid muuqata in, waayo, dhammaan ay hubris Boqortooyada Swedish ma aha meel ay ku riday ilaa ciidamada Ruush arrin ciidan awood leh in ay samayn karin dhul ka mid ah Finland, kuwaas oo u soo jeestay talaabo military oo waaweyn. Sidaas darteed of weerar, ku-buuxa oo saddex jiho, Ruush ka yar hal bil ka tagay webiga Kaliksyoki iyo qasbay Gustav IV bilaabaan wadahadalada nabadda on shuruudaha loo Yeedhiyaa by Russia.

horyaalka cusub ee Emperor

Sidaas darteed, Fridrihgamskogo heshiis - magaca this galay taariikhda heshiiska saxiixay September 1809, Alexander I noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Grand Duke ee Finland. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumintiga, Boqortooyada Ruush qaatay go'an tahay in ay si buuxda gacan ka fulinta sharciyada lagu ansixiyay Sejm ah af Finnish iyo af helay uu ansixiyo.

Tani waxay wax ka mid ah heshiiska uu ahaa mid aad u muhiim ah, sababtoo ah waxaa gacanta ku siiyey Emperor u sarreeyey hawlaha Seimas ah, iyo waxa ay muhiimad ahaan ka dhigaysa madaxa-dejinta. Ka dib markii la fuliyay soo biiray Russia Finland (sannadka 1808), oo kaliya la ogolaanshaha ee St. Petersburg ogol yahay in ay isugu Cuntada ah, iyo in la soo bandhigo isbedel ku jira sharciga wakhtigaas.

From boqortooyo distuuri ah in absolutism

goysiga ee Finland in Russia, kuwaas oo taariikhda ay ku beegan tahay maalinta lagu dhawaaqay boqorka manifesto on March 20, 1808, oo ay la socdaan tiro ka mid ah xaaladaha aad u gaarka ah. Marka la eego in Russia, sida ay heshiiska, waxaa waajib ku ah in dadka Finnishka ah u siin aad u badan oo waxa ay u doondoonay aan micne lahayn ka Dowladda Sweden (xaq u leedahay in aayo-ka, iyo sidoo kale xorriyadda siyaasadeed iyo bulsho) sidan wax dhib weyn.

Waa in la ogaadaa in horaantii Grand Duchy ee Finland oo qeyb ka ah Sweden ahaa, ie gobolka, kaas oo lahaa nidaamka dastuurka, waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee kala-soocidda awoodaha of matalaad oo baarlamaanka iyo, ugu muhiimsan la'aanta ah ee serfdom ee dadka reer miyiga ah. Haddaba, si kastaba ha ahaatee, goysiga ah ee Finland in Russia yeellay iyada qayb ka mid ah dalka, taas oo ay inta badan ku Boqortooyada wayn, halkaas oo erayga "Dastuurka" xanaajiyeen cadho ka mid ah aqoonyahanada dalka muxaafidka ah ee bulshada, oo dhan dib u habaynta horumar la kulmay iska caabin ah lama huraan.

Abuurista guddiga arrimaha ee Finland

Waa baad ah in Alexander I, kuwaas oo maamula si aad u eegto dhug at arrintan, iyo madaxa guddiga, xoogaysatay by xal jira dhibaatooyin saaray uu hakadgeliyay deeqsi - Tiri M. M. Speranskogo, waxay caan ku tahay dadaalada dib u habaynta ay.

Ka dib markii baadhitaan faahfaahsan oo dhan muuqaalada Finnish Industries, Earl talinayaa madax bannaan sida ku saleysan nidaamka gobolka ay mabda'a of madaxbannaani iyo ilaalinta ee dhammaan dhaqanka maxaliga ah. Waxa uu sidoo kale horumariyo tilmaamaha loogu talagalay shaqada oo ka mid ah Guddiga, qodobada ugu muhiimsan ee taas oo la aasaasay aasaas u ah dastuurka mustaqbalka ee Finland.

Ku biirista Finland Ruushka (sannadka 1808) iyo qalab dheeraad ah oo ay nolosha siyaasadeed ee gudaha oo inta badan keentay ka go'aanada ay qaataan Borgorskim Sejm, qayb ka mid ah wakiilo ka socda oo dhan ayaa ceegaagta bulshada ee bulshada. Ka dib markii ay barbaro ilaa iyo saxiixa oo ka mid ah xubnaha Cuntada ee dokumentiga la xiriira wuxuu dhaariyey reer binu daacad u Emperor ee Ruush iyo State, awoodda oo ay si iskood ah ku biiray.

Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado in, kor carshigii, oo dhan xubnaha soo socda ee Golaha Romanov manifestos sidoo kale daabacay, caddeynaya goysiga ah ee Finland si Russia. Photos of ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah, ay leeyihiin Alexander I, gelin our article.

Ka dib markii ku biiray Russia ee 1808, territory Finland ayaa xoogaa balaariyay ay sabab u tahay kala iibsiga ay awood of Viborg (oo horay Finland) gobolka. Afafka rasmiga ah wakhtigaas jiray Sweden, ayaa noqday baahsan sababtoo ah muuqaalada taariikhiga ah ee horumarinta dalka, iyo Finnish, ku hadlay oo dhan dadka ay wadaniga ah.

Hubaysan colaadda Soviet-Finnish

Impact of goysiga ah ee Finland in Russia ayaa ahaa mid aad u wanaagsan ay horumarka iyo qarannimada. Sababo la this muddo ka badan boqol sano ee u dhexeeya labada dal ma kici kasta oo is burinaya oo muhiim ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in muddo oo dhan oo saldanad Ruush Finns, ka duwan oo polish ah, marna mucaaradka, oo waxba ma ay isku dayaan in ay ka gacanta ee ay deriskiisa awood badan bax.

Sawirka ayaa la bedelay si qoto dheer ee 1917, ka dib markii Bolsheviks ah, hogaaminayo V. I. Leninym, la siiyo madax-bannaanida Finland. Markii aad ka jawaabayso falkan niyad Gaalnimo madow iyo isticmaalka boos culus ee Russia, dadka Finnishka ah ee 1918 oo uu bilaabay dagaalka ay degan qaybta galbeed ee Karelia ilaa Sisters webiga, guurtay gobolka Pechenga ah, qayb ka mid ah u saarney iyo Rybachy Dhexe qaadashada.

Noocan oo kale ah ku bilowday guul dowladda Finland ayaa riixay for a olole militari oo cusub, iyo in 1921 ay soo galeen dhulka Ruush, ababin qorshayaal si loo abuuro "Greater Finland". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigan, guulaha ay ahaayeen fog suubban yar. iska hor imaad hubaysan ugu danbeysay ee u dhexeeya labada deriska waqooyiga - Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Finland - wuxuu ahaa dagaal, taas oo ka qarxay ee xilliga qaboobaha ee 1939-1940.

Waxa kale oo ay keeneen guul Finns ah. Sidaas darteed cadaawadda, kaas oo socday muddo ka dabayaaqadii November ilaa bartamihii March, iyo heshiiskii nabadda, taas oo noqday feature kama dambaysta ah ee khilaafka, Finland laga badiyay ku dhawaad 12% ka mid ah dhulkeeda, oo ay ku jirto magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn ee Vyborg. Intaa waxaa dheer, guryahooda iyo hantida laga badiyay in ka badan 450 kun. Finns lagu qasbay in ay dhaqso u daad gureeyaan ka safka hore galay dalka.

gunaanad

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhinaca Soviet mas'uuliyadda dillaacay colaadda oo dhan iska leh dadka Finnishka ah, xiganaya eedeeyay ay ka soo qaadeen duqeymaha, beesha caalamka ayaa ku eedeeyay ahaa dowladda Stalin ee dagaalka. Sidaas darteed, in December 1939 Midowga Soofiyeeti sida State gardarraloowna ah laga saaray League of Nations. dagaalkan ayaa sababay in ay dad badan oo illooba oo dhan wax ka wanaagsan in hal mar ku keeneen goysiga waxaa ka mid ah Finland si Russia.

Maalinta Russia, nasiib darro, aan arkay Finland. waxaa meeshiisii Finnish sanadlaha December 6th dabaal Maalinta Xornimada, dib sida ee 1917 Dowladda Bolshevik uu iyaga siiyey fursad ay ku soo Russia iska jebin iyo sii wadaan in ay leedahay in ay waddo taariikhiga ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhib leh buunbuunin haddii la yiraahdo in ay meel hadda ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Yurub, Finland ku leedahay waxyaalo badan oo saamayn in, kaas oo goor hore lahaa Russia ay formation iyo helitaanka ka mid ah gobolka u gaar ah.