Abuurka Derzhavin. Innovation in shuqullada Derzhavina

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - ah 18-taagan Ruush Abwaan - qarnigii 19-kii hore. shaqada Derzhavin ayaa groundbreaking siyaabo badan oo ka tagay calaamad muhiim ah ee taariikhda iyo suugaanta ee dalkayaga, saamaynaya in ay horumar dheeraad ah.

Life iyo Works of Derzhavin

Akhrinta Biography ee Derzhavin, Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in sanadaha hore ee qoraaga ma ayan tilmaamin in uu ku Qaddarray si ay u noqdaan nin weyn iyo innovator cajiib ah.

Gavrila Romanovich waxa uu ku dhashay 1743 ee gobolka Kazan. Qoyska uu ka qoraa mustaqbalka ahaa mid aad u ciyaarta, laakiin waxaa iska lahaa abtirsan.

sano Hore

Sida ilmo, Derzhavin lahaa adkaysan dhimasho aabbihiis, xitaa ka sii dartay xaaladda dhaqaale ee qoyska. Hooyada lahaa in ay aadaan dhirir weyn si loo hubiyo in uu laba wiil, oo waxaad siisaa ugu yaraan qaar ka mid ah waxbarasho iyo tababar. macalimiinta wanaagsan ee gobolka, halka ay qoyska ku noolaa, ma aad buu u badnaa, waxay lahaayeen in ay ku riday ilaa la kuwa ay awoodaan in ay kiraystaan. Ka sakow xaaladaha adag, caafimaad daro, macalimiinta aan u qalmayn, Derzhavin, si uu awood iyo dadaal mahad, weli suurtagashay in ay hesho waxbarasho wanaagsan.

adeega ciidamada

Weli ardayga ee gymnasium Kazan ee, Abwaan qoray gabayo ugu horeysay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in waxbarashadeyda ku dhameysan dugsiga sare, isaguna uusan ku guulaysteen. Xaqiiqada ah in qaladka HK galay madaxda qaar ka mid ah, ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa sanad ka hor u soo diray, waayo, adeeg ciidan ee Petersburg, in guutada Preobrazhensky, ee ah jagooyinka askari caadiga ah. toban sano ka dib, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay weli gaari darajo sarkaalka.

Iyada oo nolosha enlistment iyo shaqada Derzhavin aad bay u beddeleen. adeegga Long waqti yar ka tago waxqabad suugaanta, laakiin, inkastoo taasi, in sano oo dagaal u Derzhavin qoray badan oo gabayo kaftan ah oo bartay shuqullada qorayaasha kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto Jaamacadda, kuwaas oo uu si gaar ah waxaa qadarin iyo tixgeliyo daydo. gabayada Jarmal ayaa sidoo kale soo jiitay Derzhavin. Wuxuu ogaa in Jarmal, oo waxaa lagu hawlan turjumi gabayaaga Ruush iyo Jarmal gabayo iyaga u gaar ah oo inta badan isku halleeyeen iyaga on.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Gavrila Romanovich ayaa aan weli la arkin howlgalka ugu weyn ee gabayada. Waxa uu u hawaystay in xirfad military si ay hawsha hooyo iyo hagaajinta xaaladda wax ka mid ah qoyska.

In 1773-1774 GG. Derzhavin ka qeyb qaatay kacdoonkii xakamaynayaan Emelyana Pugacheva, laakiin kor iyo aqoonsiga ay mudnaan oo aan sameeyey. Ka dib markaan ka helay sida magdhowga oo kaliya saddex boqol oo naftiinna, waxaa la soo saaray. xaaladaha waqti qaar ka mid ah ku qasbay si ay u noolaadaan ma aha jidkii arrin daacad ah - kaararka ciyaareed.

bixinta talanti

Waxaa xusid mudan in waqtigaan la joogo, todobaatanaadkii ah, tayadiisa markii ugu horeysay u furay in dadaalka. "Chatalagayskie ODE" (1776) soo jiitay ee akhristayaasha, laakiin hal-abuur iyo shuqullo kale oo todobaatanaadkii weli ma ay si buuxda oo madax banaan. shaqada Derzhavin ee ka imitative, sida Sumarokov, Lomonosov iyo kuwa kale. The xeerar adag ee prosody, taas oo, ka dib markii xeerkii classic, addeecin gabayo uu, ayaa looma oggola in ay si buuxda u muujin talantigii ka gaarka ah ee qoraaga.

In 1778, in nolosha gaarka ah ee qoraaga dhacay dhacdo farxadeed - uu si xamaasad leh ku dhacay jacayl oo wuxuu guursaday Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, taas oo uu noqday sanado badan oo uu Muuse ku ladhan (magacaabay Plenira).

hab u gaar ah suugaanta ku

Tan iyo 1779 qoraaga doortay hab u gaar ah suugaanta ku. Ilaa 1791 uu u shaqeeyo in ku sifayn ODE ah, oo waxay isagii u keeneen warkii ugu weyn. Laakiin gabayaa ma aha oo kaliya in ay noqon tusaale classic of this nooca adag. Waxa uu dib u habayn waxa ay gabi ahaanba beddelay luqada, taas oo uu noqdo caadi ahayn resonant, dareenka, ma aha sida tii waxa uu ahaa in la qiyaasay, classicism buuxa. Gabi ahaanba beddelay ODE Derzhavin iyo content fikirka. Haddii hore danaha gobolka ahaayeen muhiim, hadda in abuurka Derzhavina iyo sameeyey shakhsi, Aayaadka saaxiib. In ixtiraam waxaa siiyay sentimentalism ay xooga ku dareen, ficiladooda nijaasta.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

In sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa Derzhavin joojiyo qoraal odes in uu shaqo bilaabo inuu xukumaan gabayo jacaylka, fariimaha iyo saaxiibtinimo, gabayo kaftan ah.

Abwaan dhintay July 8, 1816 in estate Zvanka ah, meel uu jecel yahay.

Hal-abuurka Derzhavina kooban

Abwaan qudhiisu wuu u maleeyay in uu hordhac ugu muhiimsan mudnaanta si khayaali "dhawaaq Ruush funny," taas oo laysku daraa xubno ka style lahjadeed mucayan ah oo dheer, isku gabayada iyo korhin. Innovation Derzhavin ahaa ee xaqiiqda ah in ay isku ballaariyeen liiska gabayada Ruush, daraysa mawduucyada iyo yabban ka nolol maalmeedka.

ODE oo shir ku

Derzhavin abuurka kooban sharaxaad ugu caansan ee odes uu. Waxay inta badan coexists bilowgii gudaha iyo geesinimada, bulsho iyo shakhsi. Abuurista Derzhavina sidaas isku daraa waxyaalaha ay hore u leheyn. Tusaale ahaan, "gabayo ku saabsan dhalashada ilmaha ee North porfirorodnogo" ma la odhan karaa ODE oo shir ee dareenka classic ee erayga. Dhalashada of Alexander Pavlovich ee 1779 ayaa lagu tilmaamay in ay dhacdo weyn, oo dhan Sweden keeni waayo isaga oo hadiyado kala duwan -. Mind, Xoolo, qurux, iwm Si kastaba ha ahaatee, damaca la soo dhaafay oo ka mid ah ( "Noqo ninkii carshiga") waxay muujinaysaa in boqorkii - nin, oo waxa aan ahaa caadiga ah ee classicism. Innovation in shuqullada Derzhavina halkan muujiyey in isku dar ah ee xaaladda bulsho iyo shakhsi ahaaneed ee qofka.

"Felitsa"

In ODE this Derzhavin dhicin inay tixraac Empress ku nafteeda iyo doodaya iyada oo leh. Felitsa - waa Catherine II. Gavrila Romanovich waa regal sida qof gaar ah, taasoo xadgudub dhaqan classic adag markaas jira. Abwaan bogi by Catherine ma aha sida II hay'ad dawladeed, laakiin sidii nin caqli leh oo jidka ogyahay in nolosha iyo soo socota isaga. Markaas Abwaan qeexayaa naftiisa. Is-sarbeeb markii tilmaamay damacyadii, kuwaas oo ay leedahay gabayaa, waxay u adeegtaa in ay xoogga saaraan sharafta Felitsa.

In uu yahay, nooca ah ee ODE, gabi ahaanba diiradda ku saabsan mowduuca la mahdiyo, uu noqdo gabayaa ee fariin saaxiibtinimo, halkaas oo ay jiraan labada dhinac, iyo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa muhiim, ma ahan oo keliya Ahaado. In boqornimadii Catherine II Abwaan maqsuuday ugu karaameeyey oo dhan, xog, dherjinta, in uu yahay shakhsi, tayada aadanaha.

"On qabsashadii Izmail"

In ODE this gaysteen image a sharafta leh oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush, endearing qalcaddayda Turkish. xoogga uu ekaysiiyaa ciidamada dabiiciga ah: dhulgariir, duufaanada badda, qarax Kobenhagen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha lama filaan ah, laakiin waxaa qasab ku ah doonista madax Ruushka, kexeeyey by dareen daacad u ah dalkiisa. Awoodda aan caadi ahayn of askari Ruush iyo dadka Ruush oo dhan, awoodeeda iyo weynaanta ayaa lagu muujiyay in shaqo this.

"Biyo-dhac"

In this ODE, ku qoran 1791, inta badan waxa uu noqonayaa il image ah, turjumaya impermanence nolosha, warkiisuna wuxuu dunida iyo weynaanta aadanaha. noocooda The adeegay sidii biyo-dhac Kivach, oo ku yaalla Karelia. Color saarka palette hodan ku sugnaan hoos iyo midabyo kala duwan. Markii hore waxay ahayd oo kaliya sharaxaad ka mid ah biyo-dhac ah, laakiin dhimashadii Prince Potemkin ka dib (si lama filaan ah ku geeriyooday jidka gurigiisa, ka guul soo laabtay dagaalka Ruush-Turkish) Gavrila Romanovich ku daray sawir ah content semantic iyo biyo-dhac ku noqday gudashada nuglaanta nolosha iyo shakhi falsafadeed ee kala duwan ee wax qiyamka. Derzhavin ahaa shakhsi ogyahay Prince Potemkin, oo aan ka jawaabi kari waayay in uu marakay dhacdey lama filaan ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Gavrila Romanovich ka fog Potemkin naalloon jiray. In ODE uu soo horjeeda Rumyantsev - in kii, sida laga soo xigtay qoraaga, geesi dhab ah. Rumyantsev ahaa waddani dhab ah oo daneeya wanaagga guud, oo aan ammaanta gaarka ah iyo xoolo. Tani geesiga in uu ODE sida masaal u dhiganta durdur xasilloon. waterfalls buuq barbar webiga Suna quruxda .Isxaaqna ay haybad iyo is dajiyaan badan Hufnaan biyo ka buuxaan. Dadka sida Rumyantsev, aamusnaan ah, oo aan buuq iyo karaya damacyo ku nool noloshooda, qabsan kartaa quruxda samada.

odes falsafada

Mowduucyada-abuurka Derzhavina sii falsafada odes. ODE "On Geerida of Prince Meshchersky" (1779) waxaa lagu qoray dhimashada Paul ee dhaxalka lahaa, Prince Meshchersky ka dib. Iyo dhimashada waxaa sida masaal taswiiran, waxa "indhuhuu scythe" iyo "ilka jirriqsadaa." Akhrinta ODE this, marka hore waxa uu xitaa u muuqataa in sort this ee "heesta" dhimashada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku dhammaanaysaa go'aan ay ka soo horjeeda - Derzhavin na ugu baaqaysaa in si nolosha ay qiimeeyaan sida "hadiyadda dagdag ah oo samada ka dhawaaqaya" oo si fiican u noolaado, si uu ugu dhinto qalbi nadiif ah.

lyrics anacreontic

Dayataan qorayaasha qadiimiga ah si ay u abuuraan turjumaadda gabayo ay Derzhavin abuuray uu Ghadafi taas oo dareenka Ruush ah dhadhan qaranka, nolosha, ku tilmaamay nooca Ruush. Classicism in Derzhavina ka shaqeeya halkan is beddello ah.

Anacreon Translation for Gavrila Romanovich - waa fursad ay ku geli doona boqortooyada dabiiciga ah, nin iyo nolosha, taas oo lahaa meel ku lahayn a classic gabayada adag. image ee Abwaan this qadiimiga quudhsadaa iftiinka iyo nolosha jecel, oo aad u soo jiidatay Derzhavin.

In 1804 edition gooni ah "songs Anacreontic." In hordhac ah uu sharxayaa sababta ay go'aansatay in ay qoraan "aayadda iftiin": Abwaan qoray aayadahan in uu dhalinyarada, iyo haatan la daabacay maxaa yeelay tagay adeegga, wuxuu noqday qofka gaar ah oo hadda waa lacag la'aan si ay u daabacaan wax kasta oo uu doonayo.

lyrics daahay

By sifooyinka of abuurka Derzhavin in muddo ah ka dib waxaa ka mid ah xaqiiqda ah in waqtigan uu ku dhow jireyso qori odes iyo abuurtaa a shuqullada inta badan lyrical. Gabay "Eugene. Zvanskaya Life", ku qoran 1807, wuxuu qeexayaa nolosha guriga maalin kasta oo ka mid ah kuwii gobta jir deggan guryaha a raaxo miyiga qoyska. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa sheegay in shaqada ayaa sidan u qornaa jawaab u Elegy ah Zhukovsky "Evening" oo ahaa nasjonalromantiske sidoo noocaas ahi.

By lyric dabayaaqadii Derzhavina la xidhiidha iyo shaqo "Monument", ka buuxiyey iimaanka ee sharafta nin Darro iyo dhibaatooyin, Dhabahaan buu nolosha iyo isbedel taariikhi ah.

Qiimaha abuurka Derzhavina ahaa mid aad u ballaaran. Bilaabidda Gavril Sergeyevich sii Isbadal oo ka mid ah noocyada classic of Pushkin, iyo mustaqbalka, iyo gabayaaga kale Ruush.