Abwaan Tomas Eliot: Biography, hal-abuurka

Thomas Stearns Eliot - Abwaan American asal ahaan kasoo jeeda gobolka Missouri (St. Louis). In 1922 wuxuu daabacay uu gabay caan ah "Qashinka Land The." Tani shaqada Cesraa Pound, uu mentor iyo saaxiib, u yeedhay ugu dheer ku qoran gabayo Ingiriisi. Oo T. Eliot ku guulaystay Nobel Prize ee 1948.

asalka ah ee Abwaan

Thomas Stearns Eliot wuxuu ku dhashay qoys wayn. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo ugu da'da yaraa. Waxaa ka mid ah awoowayaasha Abwaan dhinaca aabbihiis ahaa Rev. U. G. Eliot, kuwaas oo la aasaasay St. Louis Washington University. Awowayaashiis hooyada of Eliot Ayzek Sternz og yahay in mid ka mid ah kuwii hore u dhaqaaqay Massachusetts.

Genri Uer Eliot, Thomas ee aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa barwaaqo ah industrialist iyo Charlotte Stearns, oo hooyadiis - qof dumar ah oo ka mid ah suugaanta ardayda hibada leh oo si fiican u bartay. Waxay abuuray riwaayadaha ah ee ku xusan aayadda, iyo sidoo kale Biography ah U. G. Eliota.

muddada tababarka, shaqada hore

Thomas bilaabay gabayada qorayey da'da afar iyo toban. Shuqulkiisa hore waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by saameynta ay shuqullada Omar Khayyam. Like dhan gabayaa wax-uqabso, Thomas dhallinyarada ahaa mucaaradka ah, ayaa cambaareeyey aduunkan casriga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib dhibaatada ugu weyn ee ahaa abuuridda dhibaatada ruuxii qoraaga. Thomas yaabay hababka musiibo in la wado nolosha bulshada. Her Abwaan naxdin xoog yaab maray.

Dhamaadka dugsi gaar loo leeyahay oo ku yaalla St. Louis, Thomas waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay College Massachusetts ee gaarka loo leeyahay. Sannad ka dib, ee 1906, uu ku qoran University Harvard. Heer, arday tayo leh muddo saddex sano ah, ka qalin Dabcan jaamacadda. Laakiinse sannadda afraad, in uu helay shahaadada Masterka ee.

Waqtigaa qorniinkii uu qoray gabayo in "advoket Harvard", edited by Eliot wuxuu ahaa ka 1909 si ay u 1910. Ka dib markii in, wuxuu u tegey Paris, halkaas oo uu ka qeyb galay muxaadaro at Sorbonne ah. Elliott suugaanta Faransiis kulmay, la gabayaaga Symbolist. Calaamad isaga weli xiiseynaya ee Harvard. Tomas Eliot akhri Jules Laforgue, author ah waxaa loola jeedaa in habkani. Sidoo kale, uu soo jiitay by buugga "Dhaqdhaqaaqa of calaamad suugaanta" A. Simons. Waxaa si xoog leh u saameeyay horumarinta Eliot sida gabayaa.

Go'aanka ah in uu naftiisa uga dhigeen si loogu suugaanta

Thomas Laabashada Harvard ee 1911, wuxuu bilaabay inuu qoro ra'yigaa ee khusaysa F. G. Bredli, Ingiriisi Faylasuuf ku salaysan. Waxa uu sidoo kale bartay Budhiism iyo Sanskrit. deeq Sheldonian waayo Tomas Eliot u tageen inay Germany iyo England. In Oxford, Merton College, halkaas oo uu baray Bradley, wuxuu bartay falsafada. Shaki badan iyo libiqsanayn dib markii Eliot go'aansaday in uu naftiisa u suugaanta sooco, si uusan dib ugu laabto kooxda difaacaneysa uu ra'yigaa ee Harvard. Thomas hadhay ee London, halkaas oo uu gabay ku qoray. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah, oo taageero ka Wyndham Lewis iyo Cesraa Pound, waxaa la daabacay 1915.

Eliot wuxuu lahaa si ay u helaan nolol, samaynaya oo ku saabsan waxbaridda sannad ah, ka dib markii taas oo isna wuxuu u adeegay in bangiga, "Lloyd" karaaniga. In 1925, gabayaa ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay ka shaqeeyaan "Faber Guayer End", marka hore sida editor suugaanta guriga daabacaadda, ka dibna mid ka mid ah agaasimayaasha shirkadda.

guurka ugu horeysay

Tomas Eliot wuxuu guursaday ee 1915. Waxa uu noqday farxo ah Viven Heyvud. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in guurka ku faraxsanayn, lamaanahan ayaa wada noolaa muddo sagaal iyo toban sannadood. Vivien furiinka ka dib markii ay ahayd in isbitaalka dhimirka. Waxay halkan 1947 ku dhintay.

Shaqada weriyey, shuqullada cusub

In muddo ah ka 1917 si ay u 1919, Thomas shaqeeyay editor xigeenka magazine "Egoist". Isaga oo gabayo hore bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan in tiro ka mid ah xilliyeedyada, oo ay ku jiraan "aqooneed Catholic" E. Pound. Halkan, shuqulladiisa ayaa lagu daabacay 1915. In "Hogarth Press" Leonard iyo Virdzhiniya Vulf laba ururinta cusub oo gabayo by Thomas - "Prufrock iyo indha indheyn kale" (1917) iyo "gabayo" (1919). Kuwa abuuray sarkhaansan shuqullada Laforgue waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by niyad jab in xaqiiqada.

Gabay horeysay muhiim ah TS Eliot wuxuu noqday "Love Song J. Alfred Prufrock." Waxay qabsatay waxtar leh, ornate, ixtiraam leh, geesiga iyo sidoo kale-oo macnaheedu yahay, kaas oo sidoo kale caqabad hadalka ah, oo waa go'aan jilicsan, gaar ahaan haweenka. shaqada Tani waa guul muhiim ah ka gabayada ee qarniga 20aad. On muhiimadda gabay qoraal ah by dhaleecayn badan, iyo Berryman George., Abwaan American, aaminsan yahay in ay ahayd casri ah gabayo bilaabmaa la.

TS Eliot - naqdiya

Oo ay la socdaan caan sii kordhaysa ee TS Eliot sida gabayaa iyo adkeeyey uu sumcad sida naqdi ah suugaanta. Tan iyo 1919, Thomas waa sabab joogto ah si kabka suugaaneed u "Times" ( "Times litereri sapplment"). Waxaa muuqday taxane ah articles u hibeeyeen ilaa ay ka Jacobin iyo jilidda riwaayadaha Elizabethan ah. Wada jir ah ula dadka kale, waxay qayb ka ah ururinta shuqullada TS Eliot, "Quduuska ah Wood" (1920) u noqday. In article ah muhiimka ah ee Dante, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dryden, George Herbert, John Donne, author Andrew Marvell isku dayay inuu ku laabto nolosha gabayaa ee, kaas oo, in uu ra'yi, waa hawl weyn oo dhaleeceyn joogta ah. views badan ayaa ka muuqata Eliot "Krayterione" magazine dambe muhiim ah oo ku filan oo caan ah, kaas oo la daabacay afar jeer sannadkii in muddada u dhaxaysa 1922 in 1939

"The Qashinka Land"

In 1922 Tomas Eliot daabacay uu gabay caan ah. Sida aynu hore u xusay, waxaa la magacaabay ka mid ah gabayo dheer abuuray Ingiriisi. Cesraa Pound soo jeedinaya ay hyperbola (ka dib markii wax soo saarka oo kaliya ka kooban yahay 434 khadadka) iyo hodantinimada fiirsashada gabayada maldahan ee Gabaygaan. By habka, Pound qaybqaatay tafatirka ee shaqada. Uu u Gooyo nuqulka ugu dambeeya ee maansadu by saabsan saddexaad.

dhaleecayn badan oo si fiican u yaqaan waxay rumaysan yihiin in shaqada ugu wanaagsan abuuray Tomas Eliot a - "Qashinka Land The." Waxa ay saamayn horumarinta dheeraad ah oo gabayada. Shayga ka kooban yahay 5 qaybood. Waxay ka mideysan yihiin by mawduucyada nabaadguurka ee qiimaha iyo dhalmo la'aan. Gabay, taas oo ay tarjumin jahawareer iyo shaki muddada guudahaan, ka muujiyay niyadda ah ee waayihii ah.

Baabtiiska iyo dhalashada British

T. S. Eliot 1927 Yeelay baabtiisay Kaniisada Anglican. Isla mar ahaantaana uu la siiyay dhalashada British. Tomas Eliot, kuwaas oo gabayada ayaa waxaa horey caan hordhac ah si uu collection of maqaalo xaq "In Difaaca ee Lancelot Andrews," qudhiisa ayaa ugu yeedhay classicist ah suugaanta, in diimaha iyo royalist anglokatolikom siyaasadda. Thomas ahaa arday oo ceyrisay xiiso dhaqanka Ingiriisi. Fasalka xataa waxaa loo bixiyey kaftan England oo dhan, marka laga reebo dhalashadiisa iyo lahjadda. Sayidka, waafaqsan rajada uu dhalashada British. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala guurka ah si ay Eliot Church of England waa ka tagay ka dhaqanka Unitarianism, qaaday in qoyskiisa, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu ku qancay inuu u baahan tahay qiyamka moral cad oo adag (Thomas ahaa Puritan ah ee asal ahaan).

In maansadu, Eliot ee "Ash Wednesday" (1930) ka muuqataa, dhibtii maskaxda in uu ku faafinta. Muddadan wareer maskaxda iyo caqliga Thomas turjumay gabay "Anabasis" Saint-John Perse (1930). Shaqada Tani waa nooc ka mid ah taariikhda ruuxiga ah ee Dadka.

Riwaayado Eliot

In 1930, Thomas qoray riwaayadaha a gabay "Dilkii in Cathedral ah" (1935) iyo "Stone" (1934). shuqullada Kuwan waxaa laga abuuray qaab diimeed. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah waa anshax falsafada. Its theme - xanuunka St. T. Beckett. Gabay waxaa loo arkaa riwaayadaha ugu fiican ee TS Eliot. Iyada oo guusha weyn ku jiray tiyaatarada in Maraykanka iyo Europe.

Riwaayado Elliott nolosha casriga ah, sida "Reunion Family" is biirsaday Evening "," Xoghayaha gaarka ah "iyo" statesman Waayeelka "(1939, 1950, 1954 iyo 1959, siday u kala horreeyaan) waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ka yar ku haboon. Thomas ma aha mid aad awoodo in aad ku buuxisid theme ee musiibadii qadiimiga ah content casriga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay "is biirsaday Evening" waqti ahayd guul weyn in tiyaatarada, ku yaal labada dhinac ee Atlantic ah.

Gabayo 1940 Nobel Prize

In 1940, Thomas qoray gabayo sida "East Coker" (1940), "gubtay Norton", "qallalan Selveydzhes" (oo dhan ee 1941), "Little Gidding" (1942) iyo "Afar Quartets" ( 1943). dhaleecayn badan oo ku qiro shuqullada ugu waaweyn ee shaqada Eliot ee. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxa uu ku fikirayaa, waxyoonay by muuqaalka, taas oo qoraaga weaves xukummadayda ku saabsan waqtiga, taariikhda, nooca luqada, xusuusta qof ahaaneed.

Eliot Thomas, kuwaas oo buugaag ayaa la aqoonsan yahay adduunka oo dhan, ku guulaystay Nobel Prize ee 1948. Anders Esterling, xubin ka mid ah Academy Swedish ah, carabka ku adkeeyay in uu hadalka in gabayo Thomas waa hantida ka mid ah "macaamiloon diamond ah" inuu shil galay miyir ee qarniga casriga ah.

Guurka Labaad iyo dhimasho Abwaan

In 1957 wuxuu guursaday EV Fletcher Tomas Eliot. Uu Biography dhamaado 1965, markii ka hor da'da 76 sano ayuu ku dhintay. TS Eliot waxaa lagu aasay Bariga Coker.

Sababaha caanka ah ee Eliot

Waa maxay sababta shaqada ee Thomas Eliot weli dan waa in ay u badan? Sababaha ay yihiin kala duwan. iyaga ka mid ah Chief waa xaqiiqda ah in qoraaga this waxa uu noqday renovator ugu weyn ee gabayada. Gabayada in English turjumay TS Eliot Jimenez, Montale iyo Seferis. By 1969, shuqullada Thomas ayaa lagu tarjumay luqadaha ugu waaweyn ee Yurub, iyo sidoo kale dalka Shiinaha, Japan, Urdu, Hindi, Carabi, iyo D. sidaas on. Oo maalmahan daabacaadan kasta oo America ama England buug on gabayada casriga ah, sida caadiga ah, ku bilaabmaa ra'yigaa on muhiimadda ay TS Eliot, waayo kaalin weyn uu ku sameeyey horumarinta hal-abuurka afka ah.

kakanaanta ee aragtida ah hal-abuurka Eliot

Fahmaan gabayo in Ingiriisi by author this ma fududa, sida turjumidda shuqulladiisa. Xaqiiqada ah in Eliot ee waa gabayaa ah elitist. shuqulladiisa waa a cusub ee dunida ka mid ah gabayo ma aha oo kaliya. In uu shaqo Thomas ma waqti sixitaanka. Waxa uu si joogto ah ugu baaqay in xalka dhibaatooyinka cusub iyo farshaxanka cusub.

xeeldheeraashada ah ula kaca ah, nooca avant-garde shaqada qoraaga hogaanka this xaqiiqada ah in uu shuqulladiisa ma fududa in la fahmo. dhib ayaa marka hore been philosophic u adag. Qoraaga qaadan su'aalaha aasaasiga ah ee jiritaanka aadanaha. Eliot waxaa loola jeedaa in uu shaqada si ay fikradaha dambeeyay bilicsanaanta iyo falsafada. Oo isna wuxuu sameeyey oo kaliya ma oga ay sawirrada iyo farshaxanka. Abwaan qudhiisu wuu isku dayayaan in ay xal u hesho dhibaatooyinka kala duwan ka heli.

dhib labaad been in xaqiiqda ah in kaalin gaar ah uu u eg yahay play hal abuur leh, tusaalayaal, tilmaamo iyo wixii la mid ah. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa Abwaan in ay riixaan shuqulladiisa dhaqamada kala duwan iyo da'da ee, ma ahan oo keliya muujiyaan faham hadda dunida, laakiin sidoo kale waxay tilmaamayaan xiriirka in ay ifafaale kale dhaqanka la soo dhaafay. Sidaa darteed, in ay koob shuqulladii author this waxaa sida caadiga ah la siiyo comments faahfaahsan.

The art feature saddexaad Eliot, oo murug ay faham, waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha weyn, sidaas darteed taas oo ah foomka bixiya. Tusaale ahaan, wax soo saarka "Afar Afar" waxa uu leeyahay nidaamka nunu oo kala duwan kaas oo uu soo jeediyay by garashadiisii Eliot Beethoven (ama halkii, uu quartets ka dib).

Waxaa laga yaabaa in waqti dheer in ay ka hadlaan oo ku saabsan muuqaalada shuqullada Eliot. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid article waa wax aan macquul aheyn si ay u daboosho ah arrin farshaxanka weyn oo aad u asalka. Waxaa muhiim ah in, caqabadaha TS Eliot ma aha dhamaadka ah iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan. Waxa ay ahayd soo bandhigay ee kala duwan iyo dhibaatooyinka aan caadiga ahayn ee gabayada, oo uu diyaariyey iyo xalin.

Buuggu wuxuu ku saabsan yahay bisadaha

Laakiin mar walba ma TS Eliot waa sidaas adag, waxa aanu had iyo jeer ma shaqeyn elitist. Waxaa laga yaabaa in wax yar la filayn, laakiin xayawaanka ugu xiiso u gabayaaga sida Tomas Eliot. Cats ayaa noqotay watteen uu ururinta caanka ah gabayo, lagu daabacay 1939 ( "Science Popular ku saabsan bisadaha ..."). shuqullada waxaa ka mid ahaa waxa ku jira, ayaa lagu abuuray ee 1930 ee. Waxay ku qoran yihiin, waayo, godchildren TS Eliot.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ururinta this malaha waa kitaabka ugu fiican u yaqaan oo ku saabsan bisadaha ee dunida. Wuxuuna ogyahay taageere kasta oo xayawaankaas. share badan oo ururinta si fiican u yaqaan keenay "Cats" muusikada E. L. Vebbera, samatabbixiyey sababo ay.