Alexander Selkirk: Biography gaaban

Robinson Crusoe - dabeecad khayaalka kitaabkii Danielya Defo ah, horaysay la daabacay sanadkii 1719 in shaqada caan this Robinson jabtay oo naftiisa helaa jasiiradda, badbaaday oo keliya ka hor kulan Friday, kale degan jasiiradda cidlo.

Alexander Selkirk: Biography

Taariikhda Defoe, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku salaysan tahay waayo aragnimada nolosha dhabta ah ee badmaaxa ee Scottish. noocooda ah ee Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk (photo uu taalada la soo bandhigay ka dib) waxa uu ku dhashay 1676 tuulada kalluumaysiga yar oo Largo Hoose, in Fife, Scotland, meel u dhow afka ah Firth ee soo.

Waxa uu soo kiraysteen by boatswain ku saabsan markabka "Sankey leeyahay" warqado marque iyo cinwaanka lagu dabaasho ee 1702-m. The milkiilayaasha markabka ka heshay patent corsair Rabbiga Admiral ah, taas oo keliya ma ogolaan maraakiibta ganacsiga si ay isu hub is-difaaca ka dhanka ah maraakiibta shisheeye, laakiin sidoo kale loo asteeyay weerarka iyaga on, gaar ahaan kuwa ku Hijrooday calanka ka mid ah dalalka UK-Col. Dhab ahaantii, privateering ahaa ka badeednimada no kala duwan - dhaca ahaa hab kale si ay u helaan lacag sida ganacsiga caadi ah badda joojiyay intii lagu jiray dagaalka.

Masiirka "Sankey markaas" saari Karin ayaa lala marque kale haatan hogaaminayo Captain "St. George" William Dampier.

liisanka ee dhaca

Bishii Abriil 1703 Dampier tagay London madaxa duulaan, kaas oo ka koobnaa laba markab, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa kuwaas oo la odhan jiray "Fame" oo hoos amarka Captain jiidayasiuu ahaa. Weli xitaa ka hor inta Markabka tagay Downs ah, saraakiishii lahaa a dhacaya, iyo "Fame" dhoofnay, ka tegid "St. George" ka laalaada. Dampier dhoofay ee Kinsale, Ireland, oo waxaa la "Sankey Porus" kulmay hoos amarka Pickering. Labada weelashii ay go'aansadeen in ay ku biiraan ciidamada, iyo heshiiska cusub ayaa la soo gabagabeeyay u dhexeeya labadii sirkaal.

Dampier waxaa soo kiraystay by Thomas wehelin, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayuu duulaan Badda Koonfurta (Badweynta Pacific) soo diray si aad u hesho oo dhici maraakiibta Spanish gaadiid khasnadihii. Labadii sirkaal oo isku raacay xeebaha ee South America u dhoofo oo qabsaday markab Spain ee Buenos Aires. Haddii wax soo saarka ahayd 60 000 pounds ama in ka badan, duulaan ku lahaa si degdeg ah ku soo laabto England. In case of Ehelkeeda failure ayaa qorsheysey inay doontu ku wareegsan Cape Horn si ay u weeraraan Maraakiibta Spanish ka miinooyinka ee Lima siday dahab. Haddii ay taasi suurtogal ahayn, waxa la isku raacay in Doontu dhexsocoto xagga woqooyi iyo isku dayaan in ay qabsadaan ee "Acapulco", markabka Manila, had iyo jeer waday maal.

duulaan ee dhicisoobay

duulaan Privateering tagay Ireland ee May 1703, iyo sidii aad u guurto wax bilaabay in ay run ahaantii si fiican u socda. Saraakiil iyo shaqaale dirireen badan, ka dibna Pickering xanuunsaday oo dhintay. Waxa uu lagu badalay Thomas Stradling. Khilaaf, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aysan joogsan. Qanacsanayn ahaa ay sabab u tahay tuhun markabka, sirkaalkii Dampier ma ahaa ku filan go'aan samaynta iyo xukummadii dhac ku dhaco iyo, sida natiijo ah, wax badan oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka lumay. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu tuhunsan yahay in, ka dib markii shaqada la dhammeeyo, isaga iyo saaxiibkiis Edward Morgan ma doonayaan in ay la wadaagaan boolidii aan la markabka.

Bishii Febraayo 1704, inta lagu guda jiro stop ah jasiiradda kooxda Juan Fernandez "Sankey ayaa" ka fallaagoobay oo diiday in ay dib on board tagaan. markabka inay markabka ku soo laabtay ka dib markii fara gelin ku sameeyeen Captain Dampier. Si taasi ka sii daran, shiraac iyo marsho hadhay jasiiradda, ka dib markii kooxda ku garaacday dib u gurasho ku degdegin, maxaa yeelay, markab Faransiis ah. Sida aan ku sii shiraaca, Nadiifinta iyo dayactir ah ee maraakiibta, lagama maarmaan ah si looga hortago waxyeello ku Gooryaanka markabka ayaa laga badiyay, iyo barxaddii siiyey ugu dhakhsaha badan ay u soo baxaan. By wakhtigaas, xiriirka ka dhexeeya labada koox ayaa gaadhay heer, ka dibna waxa ay ku heshiiyeen gaarey Gacanka Panama, qaybsan Qanimaysataan oo tag.

Kacdoonka on markabka

Bishii September 1704 ka "St. George" dhoofay iyo "Sankey ayaa" ku soo laabtay Juan Fernandez ee isku day ah in la soo celiyo shiraac iyo isdabamarinta, laakiin waxa ay ka leexatay in markabka Faransiis iyagii kaxeeyey. Waxaa halkan waa in boatswain ee Alexander Selkirk caasiyoobeen, ay diideen in ay sii. Wuxuu ogaaday in xaaladda markabka uu ahaa sidaas u xun, iyo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Captain Stradling sidaas waqti in uu jeclaan lahaa in ay isku dayaan in ay nasiib iyo dhul on Mas-a-Tierra, mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha Anfaco ee Juan Fernández ah. Waxa uu ka tagay baastoolad, mindi, faas, miro iyo tubaakada, iyo sidoo kale Kitaabka Quduuska ah, suugaanta diinta, iyo dhowr qalabka navigation. Waqtigan xaadirka ah ee la soo dhaafay Alexander Selkirk codsaday in ay isaga qaataan on board, lakiin waxa uu diiday Stradling.

Sidaas darteed waxaa soo baxay, inkasta oo dhanka ah doonistiisa, ayuu naftaada badbaadshay. Ka dib bixitaankii socodka Huana Fernandesa "waqti Sankey ee" uu noqday sidaas oo xoog leh in markabka ayaa lagu qasbay in ay dayacaan markab iyo kala iibsiga si ay u raacaan ah. Waxay ka badbaaday 18 badmaax oo ah kii u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan xeebaha ee South America, halkaas oo ay qabteen. The Spain iyo dadka deegaanka ay ulama ay dhaqmin, ka dibna shaqaalihii markabka ayaa la riday xabsi.

Alexander Selkirk: nool Island

Near xeebta wuxuu ka helay god halkaas oo uu ku noolaan karaan, laakiin in ka bilood ee ugu horeeya ka cabsanaayay uu gooni iyo ciirsi la'aan in dhif tagay xeebta, cunista shellfish ah. Alexander Selkirk - noocooda ah ee Robinson Crusoe - maalin xeebta fadhiya, iyo dhaygag at bidhaamayaan rajo si aad u aragto markabka, kaas oo aad u badbaadiseen lahaa isaga. In ka badan hal mar uu rabay ismiidaamin ah.

codadka la yaab leh soo socda ka bixiyo jasiiradda, argagaxay isaga, oo u muuqday in oohin of xayawaanka duurjoogta ah dhiigyacabka ah. Dhab ahaantii, waxay daabacday geedaha in dabayshu xoog dhacay. In dareenka Selkirk yimid oo kaliya markii la qabtay xeebta boqolaal libaaxyo badda. Waxaa jiray dad sidan u badan, oo waxay ahaayeen si weyn iyo cabsi, in uusan ku dhicin in ay soo dhowaato xeebta, halkaas oo isha keliya ee uu hab-nololeedka.

Nasiib wanaag, dooxada waxaa ka buuxay dhow xaqse Dhirta in, gaar ahaan geedo timireed, kaabajka, kuwaas oo mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu weyn ee uu ka mid ah cunto u noqdeen. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, Selkirk helay in gasiiraddaas la degganaa by riyaha badan oo dibadeed, malaha waxaa ka tagay burcad badeeda. Marka hore, wuxuu iyagii ku ugaadhsado qori, ka dibna, markii aan dhammeeyey Baaruud ah, wuxuu bartay sida ku qaadi gacmahaaga. In dhamaadka, Alex yar rabaayadeeyey- iyo quudin ay hilib iyo caano.

Dhibaato ee jasiiradda ahaayeen jiir naxariis weyn oo lahaa caado of qaniinay gacmihiisa iyo cagihiisa uu, halka uu seexday. Nasiib wanaag, jasiiradda of bisadaha duurjoogta ah ku noolaa. Selkirk xoogaa rabbeeyey dabiicadda, iyo habeenkii ay uu sariir ku hareereeyeen, waxaa ilaalinaya jiirka.

rajo illusive

Alexander Selkirk riyooday badbaadada iyo maalin kasta raadinayaa dhoofnay ah, shiday nalalka, laakiin waxa ay qaaday dhawr sano ka hor ah Maraakiibta booqday Cumberland Bay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, booqashadii ugu horeysay ma ahayn arrin sida uu filayo.

Farxad, Alex loola cararay bangiga si ad laba doonniyood oo hoos-dayntooda xeebaha. Si lama filaan ah waxa uu ogaaday in ay ahaayeen Spanish! Tan iyo England iyo Spain joogay dagaal, Selkirk garan isaga sugayay in qaddar maxaabiis ahaan ka xun dhimashada ka, qaddar ee addoon ah ee anigaa iska leh oo cusbo ah. xisbiga Fatashihii degay, iyo, Maxaa yeelay, "Robinson" ayuu ku bilaabay in ay toogtaan isaga ilaa uu soo orday oo qariyey. In dhamaadka, Spain joojiyay raadinaya iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan jasiiradda tagay. maxaabiis ahaan baxsaday, Alex uu bisadaha ka badan ayaa saaxiibtinimo iyo riyaha ku soo laabtay.

badbaadada faraxsan

"Robinson" jasiiradda hadhay afar sano iyo afar bilood. Waxa uu badbaadiyay isculaysin kale uu hogaaminayo Captain Woods Rogers. In log uu markab, taasoo uu hogaaminayo lagu guda jiro safar this caan ah, Rogers tilmaamay xaadirka ah ee badbaadada Selkirk bishii February 1709.

"Waxaan soo gaaray jasiiradda of Juan Fernandez 31 January. Maamleedna, ayaannu meeshaas joognay ilaa 13-kii February. On jasiiradda, aan helin mid Aleksandra Selkirka, Scotland ah oo lagu halkaas kaga tegey by Captain Stradling, weheliyay Captain Dampier in uu safar la soo dhaafay, iyo kuwa ka badbaaday afar sano iyo afar bilood, iyada oo mid ka mid ma naf nool, kuwaasoo uu xiriiri kari waayay, oo aan satellite hal, marka laga reebo leh riyaha dibadda. "

Dhab ahaantii, Selkirk, inkastoo uu kelinimo dhaqan, lahaa inaan dawarsadona uu saarnaa yimid sida ay ogaadeen in uu ka mid ahaa samatabbixinta dhoofku ee dhicisoobay Taliyaha "Sankey markaas" iyo hadda tijaabo ku saabsan markabka Vudsa Rodzher Dampier. In dhamaadka, uu la aaminsiiyey inuu ka tago jasiiradda, oo isna loo magacaabay caawiyaha in markabka Rogers "Duke". sanadka soo socda, ka dib markii qabsaday markabka Spanish Neustra Senora de la Incarnacion Disenganio, dahab gaadiidka, badmaaxa Alexander Selkirk waxaa soo saaray in boatswains markab duulaan cusub, baxshay ah "Bachelor".

soo laabtay

Dabaasha Woods Rogers dhamaaday 1711 ay ka imanayaan Thames ee. noocooda ah ee Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk on uu ka soo laabtay noqday si weyn loo ogeysiiyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayuu lagu casuumay inuu bixiyo cadaymaha lagu jiro kolka ay maxkamadda ka dhanka ah William Dampier Elizabet Kresvell, gabadhii milkiilaha duulaan ugu horeeyay, waayo, khasaaraha uu galay ee 1703.

Ka dib markii in, "Robinson" markab ganacsi uga dhoofeen Bristol, halkaas oo uu ku eedeeyay weerarka. Malaha amarka waxaa loo keenay taageerayaasha Dampier, hase ahaatee uu xabsi 2 sano.

Alexander Selkirk, badmaaxa iyo privateer Robinson ah, ayaa ku dhintay badda ee 1721.