Maxaad Ukraine ayaa loo magacaabay Ukraine? History of Ukraine

Maxaad Ukraine ayaa loo magacaabay Ukraine? Magaca dalkan horeysay maqlay in saddexdii bilood ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii laba iyo tobnaad. Marka ugu horaysa waxaa lagu sheegay in Opus taariikhiga ah "The SHEEKADII Years teesto ah", halkaas oo uu qoraagu sheegay sheekada dhimashada ee Prince Vladimir Pereyaslav Glebovich ee 1187. Waxa uu leeyahay, "isaga u ooyay oo dhan Pereyaslavets ... isaga Behind, Ukraine si weyn u murugoon." Shaqadu waxay shaaca ka qaaday fikirka ah "Ukraine", wuxuuu ahaa horyaalka iyo horumarka dalka. Oo laba sano ka dib, in 118 m, waxaa la sheegay oo ku saabsan Prince Rostislav, kuwaas oo booqasho "in Ukraine Galicia".

Su'aasha ah Ukraine

Maxaad Ukraine ayaa loo magacaabay Ukraine? Su'aashani waxa uu leeyahay saynisyahano dheer xiiso u, laakiin jawaabta cad u tahay in aan maanta. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi ku Caddaynay asalka ah ee erayga "laayeen" - oo Remote xarunta aad u of a piece of territory, duleedka tuulo at laayeen - xuduuda. In si kale loo dhigo - dalka, magacaabista ah ee Krajina oo dalkooda hooyo, kaas oo ku dhow yahay ruuxa dalka, dalka hooyo. Asalkii Ukraine magaca xidido ku leeyahay kala duwan.

Halkan waxaa ku opinion kale - Ukraine, sida, waxay ka timaadaa ereyga "ukrayat" (gooyay). In kale oo erayada, macnaha erayga Ukraine sida magaca gobolka - meel dhul ah oo, ukrayany (cut) ka oo dhan, kaas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan u noqday mid-piece (dalka free) a.

Waxaa jira versions kala duwan. Asalka magaca Ukraine xiran yahay Erayadii: laayeen Krajina (wadanka). Inkasta oo ay jiraan wax xiriir muuqda. Marka sameeyey magaca Ukraine? Waxaa jira fikiro kala duwan. Sida saynisyahano bartay asalka ah ee magaca - waa aan la aqoon, laakiin habka of bixitaanka of fikradda ah "Ukraine" ayaa waqti dheer oo lahaa dhowr marxaladood.

Edge halkii xaafad

Erayga "laayeen" by qiimaha "qeybta, meel dhul ah oo," loo yaqaan tan iyo waagii uu luqada Old Slavonic. Maanta, eraygan waxaa laga helaa luqado badan Slavic, maxaa yeelay qabiilooyinkii Slavic mar walba lahaa dal kala soohdimaha dabiiciga ah - webiga, kaynta, dhiiqo. Maxaa yeelay, eraygii this ayaa sidoo kale weyn - soohdinta reer dhulka, iyo bilowgii ama dalka darafkiisan iyo qabaa'ilka.

Xaggee yimid magaca Ukraine, waa mid aad u xiiso. In Old muddo Slavonic ku dhashay Krajina hadalkii (dalka) ee qiimaha - dhulka in iska qabiilka. in erayga "laayeen" ee luqada Slavic jir Next jiray ereyga "xaday", taas oo macnaheedu yahay - cut ka goosin ka mid ah gabal fog ee dalka, soohdintu waxay xad dhaaf ah oo dhulka ka mid ah qabiilka fog.

Krajina

Oo weliba sababta Ukraine ayaa loo magacaabay Ukraine? Su'aashu waxay tahay mid aad u xiiso. Waxa ay ahayd ka dib oo kaliya ka mid ah Slavs bari by isagoo leh "xaday" by-galaha -in Ukraine waxaa jiray eray in mattered - gabal fog ee dalka, meelaha durugsan qabiilka. Qarnigii VI-VIII, inta lagu guda jiro wakhtiga Russ Awoodaha buuxinta ereyada "Krajina", iyo Ukraine ayaa la bedelay. Oo weliba sababta Ukraine ayaa loo magacaabay Ukraine? Erayga "Krajina" by qiimaha - dalkii qabiilka, ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen inay ka dhigan tahay - dalkii reer kibir ah dhulgoosadka, ka dibna - dalkii reer rus. Sidaa darteed bedelay iyo naqshada erayga Ukraine ah: meesha laga soo galo - qayb distal oo ahayd qabiilka reer Dhulka, waxaa qiimo - qayb ka mid ah jiidda dalka reer kibir ah dhulgoosadka, ka dibna - qayb ka mid ah dalka reer rus.

madax

In times of dhulgoosadka Kievan rus, marka ay bilaabeen inay ka go'ay Duchy ah, ereyga "Ukraine" wuxuu u yimid inuu macnaheedu "madax". Bal aynu eegno isku wada mid, ka yimid magaca Ukraine. Seynisyahanno leeyihiin aragti kala duwan ee erayga Ukraine: Kiev sida xuduudda la leh dhulka ee dalka Pereiaslav, naaneeso Ukraine sababtoo ah waxaa la wadaagtaa on dalka Polovtsian; sida Russia in style ka mid ah madaxda gaar ah ee hadda jira, sida oo dhan oo gebi ahaanba Kievan rus. Laakiin, u badan tahay, taariikhqorihii ahaa u yeedhay Ukraine oo keliya dhulka Pereyaslavskaya. Just ma maxaa yeelay waxay ahayd ee xuduudda la leh steppe ee Polovtsian, oo ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu jiray madax gaar ah, dal gaar ah (Krajina).

Ukraine - dalka

Country magaca Ukraine, dalka, u muuqday mar. Ka dibna, marka lagu daro Pereyaslavska Ukraine Ukraine ay ka soo jeedeen madaxda hadda jira iyo kuwa kale oo madax bannaan Ukraine oo kala duwan. Ukraine halkan dareenka dalka - dalka Kiev Pereyaslavskaya dalka iyo wixii la mid ah.

Waxaa la og yahay ka taariikhda, taas oo dhigayaa in "Prince Rostislav bixiso booqasho in Ukraine, Galicia oo halkaasuu uga kacay Galich." In erayga "Ukraine" loogu tala galay dal oo kala duwan, madax gaar ah, si aad u wanaagsan laga arki sharaxaada casriga ah.

History of Ukraine ayaa sheegay in ay la socdaan ereyga "Ukraine" ayaa ku noolaa oo erayga "margin" - oo qayb ka ah soohdinta dalalkan oo qabiil. Ereyadan ma ka dhigan tahay wax la mid ah, laakiin kala duwan ee macnaha: "Ukraine" (Name of State) - taasi waa qayb yar oo ka mid ah dalka ay qabiilkii, "margin" - dhulka xuduudda qabiilka ah, oo markaas madax ka dhulgoosadka.

Lithuania iyo Poland

Tan iyo hannaanka XIV nus qarnigii boqortooyooyinkana Kiev rus, kuwaas oo dad Yukreeniyaan ka dib la aasaasay, hoos lahaanshaha Lithuania iyo Poland iman. Tan iyo markaas, magaca Ukraine ayaa codsatay in ay dhulal ka dhacday ka yar awoodda this. Under Lithuania ahaayeen Chernihiv, Kyiv, Pereiaslav iyo inta badan madax Volyn ah, oo wuxuu u yeedhay oo dhan Lithuania Ukraine iyo Poland ka hooseeyeen Galich, Volyn oo qayb ka mid ah dhulka ugu baaqay Ukraine Polish ah.

Iyadoo dhalashada dalkii Dnieper Cossacks ayaa lagu magacaabay Cossack Ukraine. History of Ukraine waxa ay ku saabsan ayaa sheegay in gabaygii - "oh buuraha, dhulka dooxada ah, on Ukraine Cossack ka ..."

Khmelnitsky

In times of dagaalka Ukraine ka soo horjeeda oo polish ah ee hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Bogdana Hmelnitskogo (1648-1654 sano) Ukraine Zaporozhye loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya dhulka, laakiin Dnieper oo dhan. Inta badan, ka joogo Ukraine bilaabeen inay soo wac dalka oo dhan. Markaasaa magaca this faafin in ay dalalkan Bariga Slavic, iyo sidoo kale in Slobozhanschyna in waqti yar la odhan jiray Sloboda Ukraine. A dalalkan galbeedka muddo dheer lagu magacaabay rus ', laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday magaca Ukraine hooyo dadka gobolka qowmiyadaha Ukraine oo dhan.

History of erayga

Ukraine - halkaas oo meeshaas magaceediina waxaa loo billaabay? fikraddii asalka ahayd ee juqraafi Ukraine ugu danbeyn noqday fikrad qaranka, kaas oo la midoobin kasta dalalka kale sida Polissia Sivershchyna, Sloboda, Basin Donets ah, ee gobolka Badda Madow, Volyn, Podolia, Bukovina Carpathian iyo Transcarpathia.

Sidaa darteed waxaa aad muhiim u ah Ukraine waxay ahayd in erayga "Ukraine" waxaa loola jeedaa magaca dalka, abuuray by Bogdanom Hmelnitskim. Waxaa sugan, mana ah oo duleedka Empire Ruush ah, waxa aan ahaa. Haddii goolasha ay, waxay u badan tahay, duleedka qabiilooyinka Slavic ee. Ka dib oo dhan, Slavs bariga degan oo kaliya dalka xad dhaaf ah Slavs ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii aad tirin margin reer Ukraine, goolasha ay quruumaha Slavic.

story

Taariikhda ... Kanu waa eraygii aan maalin kasta maqlaan, laakiinse innaba ha u milicsato gravitas uu. Sidaas darteed of xaqiiqda ah in Ukraine ay xornimadeeda, Ukraine ayaa noqday xiisaynayso ee taariikhda dadkiisa. Ka dib oo dhan, oo kaliya aqoonta ee la soo dhaafay ka dhigi doonaa suurto gal ah si ay u fahmaan xaadirka ah iyo in la dhiso mustaqbal wanaagsan. door muhiim ah aqoonta taariikhda, ciyaaray Deymaha maqan badbaadiyey. Iyo inay dhawraan xasuusta taariikhiga ah ee dadka jiilka mustaqbalka iyo inaad wax ka barato waxa ay yihiin yeedhay matxafyada.

Taariikhda Ukraine iyo dadka degganu dhulka this, xidido ku leeyahay ay wakhtiyadii hore. Parking dadka ugu horeysay lagu arkay gayiga Ukraine boqolaal dad badan oo madax banaan kun oo sano ka hor, in Paleolithic Hore. Man otvoovyval oo dabiici ah, kuwaas oo dhulal iyo khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee berriga. Laga soo bilaabo noocyo heer hoose ah kulan, ugaarsiga iyo kalluumeysiga, uu u wareegay shaqada beeraha iyo xoolaha beeraha. A sumadda aad u muhiim ah in taariikhda adag wakiilada Yukreeniyaan tagay dhaqanka Tripoli qarnigii IV-III BC. Tripoltsy ahaayeen xubnaha ugu ilbaxnimada ee tartanka aadanaha ee muddada Neolithic. Waxa ay inta badan ku hawlan beeraha, pottery iyo dhismaha. Sidaas darteed of ballaarinta oo ka mid ah reer guuraa iyo qaboojinta ee cimilada, dhaqanka this si tartiib tartiib ah la waayay. Ka dib markii in, dhulka Yukreeniyaan ahaayeen nool iyo Sarmatians, iyo kemmeriytsy, iyo Scythians. saameyn aad u weyn oo ku saabsan dadyowga deggan yahay ee expanses badan ee Ukraine, wuxuu lahaa dhalasho Greek.

East Slavs

xididdada Bariga Slavs ee maanta aan si gaar ah u bartay. muddo Predslavyansky sabab u ah muuqaalka dhaqanka bangiga midig ee kaynta-steppe Dnieper Zarubintsy ah, taas oo si wadajir ah Slavs oo dhan. Slavs xusa ugu horeysay ee shuqullada Tacitus, Blotemigii loo yaqaan "geyoon". Waxay ku noolaa aagga Badda Baltic. Markaas, dhexe ee aan Millennium BC ka geyoon kala duwanaayeen laba kooxood oo Slavs - Antes iyo sklaviany. Antes ku qabsadeen dhul ka Danube Badda ee Azov oo gaaray laan bari ee Slavs ah. Waxa ay inta badan ku hawlan beeraha iyo xoolaha beeraha. Waxay ku baayacmushtaray galay magaalooyinkii reer Northern Black Sea-Awoodaha iyo wadamada carabta. nidaamka siyaasadeed ee dalka ayaa ahaa dimoqraadi ah. Si uu u hoggaamiyo dalka, Prince iyo Foreman. Laakiin waxaa aad muhiim u ah dalka go'aansaday Veche - Golaha Shacabka.

Laga bilaabo qarnigii VII, waxaa uu leeyahay xasuus ah Slavs ah. Slavs Early degeen inta badan weheliyaan bangiyada ee wabiyada iyo harooyinka. Aqal ay ka samaysan qoryo iyo dhoobo. Qalabka wuxuu ahaa isku dhibin siyaasadeed qabiil. Land leedahay panulirus inta badan waaweyn - ururo raggu of bloodline. niyadda Public hore Slavs lagu gartaa guurka ka heer hoose ah si ay iskugu soo military. Markaas xoogga loo kala qaado by dhaxalka. The nolosha iyo shaqada Slavs Bari ayaa had iyo jeer lagu xidhiidh dhow la leedahay dabeecadda iyo qoyska. Tani dhigay dhaqanka Slavic ee dhulka.

dhaqanka

dhaqanka Popular ayaa door ee dhaqanka oo ka mid ah dadka Ukraine. In ka maalmood jiray, marka ugu sarreysa ee bulshada dhulgoosadka ayaa qaatay galaya iyo dhaqanka Yurub, iyo sare ee saraakiishii Cossack noqday Russified, bulshada Yukreeniyaan horumariyo oo aan a aqoonyahanno qaranka. Kaliya tacsida waxay ahaayeen si ay u fuliyaan dhaqanka, kaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa qaranka. meesha ugu weyn ee hiddaha dhaqanka uuraysatay, kaasoo dhaqan dad iyo midabka. Waxaas oo dhan waa mid aad u cad u tahay in lagu arko ee songs Qoomkii, ballads. Thanks to dadka, waxa suurto gal noqday si kor loogu qaado dhaqanka Yukreeniyaan ee qarniyo XVI-XVII iyo jaftay qarnigii XIX ah.

Qaar badan oo Ukraine tayo leh ayaa qeyb ka Polish, Ruush, dhaqanka dunida oo dhan. Tani waxa ay ahayd suurtagal ah in nidaamka waxbarasho ee kala duwan mahad, ay sabab u tahay taas oo dadka ay ahayd guud ahaan akhrin. Sidoo weyn ahaa doorka Ukraine-rus 'sida xarunta of Masiixiyada dhex Slavs Bari. Nidaamka waxbarashada sare ayaa si gaar ah u horumarsan. dhaqanka Ukraine ayaa u furan yahay dunida, ma jirin naceeb iyo aadanaha joogo. kaalin weyn in ay dhaxal ahaan dunidana waxaa laga sameeyey by faylosuufiinta sida, gabayaaga iyo shakhsiyaad caan ah sida girgire, Prokopovich, Kulish, Shevchenko iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

In dalalka kale ee Yurub dhibaatooyinka saboolnimada, cudurka, jahliga laga gudbi lahaa horumarka tignoolojiyada, iyadoo la kaashanayo ku ciqaab deebaajiga. Iyo in Ukraine, u yeedhay is-aqoon, xorriyadda, taas oo aad ka bixi kartaa si fiican u la soo baxay in uu safka hore ee nolosha ruuxiga ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, siyaabo kale waa muhiimad weyn u-aadmiga oo dhan. Sidaas inkastoo marka waxaa jiray magaca Ukraine, sidii aan ninna odhan karin, laakiin xaqiiqada ah in tani ay ahayd daqiiqad muhiim u ah quruun ugu badan - waxaa suurtagal ah in caddayn kalsooni.