Alifay ayaa yaqaan. Dadka been abuurtay Great

Alifay caanka ah ee dunida ku abuuray wax badan oo waxtar u leh Dadka. Lacagta bulshada si dhib leh waa la quudhsan karin. daahfurtay badan oo cajiib ah ayaa badbaadiyey in ka badan hal nolosha. dalka alifay, oo loo yaqaan for naqshado ay u gaar ah - cidda ay yihiin?

Archimedes

Ninkan ma ahayn oo keliya xisaab weyn. Thanks isagii ku yidhi, Dunida oo dhan ogaa in sida muraayad oo hareereeyey hub. Mid ka mid ah horumarka wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan - fur Archimedes (auger), via oo ay suurogal tahay in ay si wax ku ool ka hareen wakhtigii. Waxaa xusid mudan in technology maanta loo isticmaalo.

Leonardo da Vinci

Alifay, waxay caan ku tahay fikradahooda cajiib ah had iyo jeer ma haystaan fursad ay ku turjumi fikrado ficil. Tusaale ahaan, waxayaala baarashuud, diyaaradaha, aalado, taangiyada, iyo baaskiilka, kaas oo u muuqday oo sabab u ah shaqada u cabbudhinayo by Leonardo da Vinci, muddo dheer ku hadhay sheegan. Waqtigaas si fudud ma lahayn injineerada iyo fursado hirgelinta qorshe han sida.

Thomas Edison

alifay ee phonograph ah, tube sawirka iyo makarafoon telefoonka ee ahaa saynisyahan caan American. Bishii Janaayo 1880 waxaa soo saaray patent ah laambad incandescent ah, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday Edison caanka ah caalamka oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah ha isaga ka fiirsan hanad ah, annaga oo ogaaney in dalka alifay, waxay caan ku tahay horumar ay, keligiis soo shaqeeyay. Sida Edison, uu ka caawiyay koox dad ah.

Nikola Tesla

The Been weyn ee hanad si nolosha yimid oo kaliya uu dhintay ka dib. Wax walba waxaa si fudud u yiri: Tesla ahaa sidaas nin rights reserved, si aan ninna ogaa oo ku saabsan inuu shaqada. Thanks to dadaalka nidaamka polyphase cilmiga ee hadda korontada la helay taas oo horseeday in soo bixitaanka of korontada ganacsi. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu sameeyay aasaaskii robotics, physics nuclear, sayniska kombiyuutarka iyo ballistics.

Aleksandr Grem Bell

alifay badan oo, caan ku daahfurtay in ay, iyo ka caawiyay inay si fiican u dhigi nolosheena. Isla ayaa laga odhan karaa oo ku saabsan Aleksandre Belle. Thanks to uu shaqo adag dadka si xor ah ula xiriiri karaa, isagoo kun oo kiiloomitir marka laga reebo, oo dhan - sababtoo ah telefoonka. Bell ayaa sidoo kale abuurtay audiometer ah - qalab gaar ah oo go'aan ka dhago; qalab si aad u baadhid maalka - noocooda ah ee qalabka biraha oo casri ah, diyaarad ugu horeysay adduunka ee, gujis model in Alexander qudhiisu yeedhay hydrofoil doon.

Karl Benz

saynisyahan Tani waxa ay si guul leh u dhaqan fikradda ugu muhiimsan ee uu noloshiisa, baabuur la motor ah. Waxaa isaga u mahad, waxaan hadda fursad u leeyihiin inay raaco gawaarida. war abuurashadoodii kale oo qiimo leh Benz - engine ku sari gudaha. Later, wax soo saarka baabuurka shirkadda abaabulay, oo maanta ayaa adduunka ka caan. Tani Mercedes Benz.

Edwin Land

Tani hindisa caanka Faransiis ayaa naftiisa u huray in sawir. In 1926, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay la furo nooc cusub oo ah polarizer, ka dib helay magaca "Polaroid". Land aasaasay shirkadda Polaroid ayaa soo saaray shatiyada iyo 535 Been kale.

Charlz Bebbidzh

saynisyahan British Tani qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad shaqeeyay on abuurista computer ugu horeysay. Waxa uu ahaa kii loo magacaabay mashiinka Kombuyuutarada qalab gaar ah. Maxaa yeelay, halka aadanaha inuusan lahayn aqoon lagama maarmaanka ah iyo waayo-aragnimo, dadaal Babbage ee aan ku guulaysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikradaha cajiib ah oo aan la dhex tiimbadeen lagay: Howard Aiken iyo Konrad Tsuze u suurtagashay in ay iyaga loo fuliyo dhexe ee qarnigii labaatanaad.

Benjamin Franklin

Tani waxay si fiican u yaqaan siyaasi, qoraa, diblomaasi, satirist iyo statesman sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa saynisyahan a. The hindisooyin badan oo Dadka, kuwaas oo arkay in Franklin mahad iftiin, this koob bifocal iyo tuubada kaadida ka dabacsan, iyo ushii hillaac ah. Dhab ahaantii Interesting: Benjamin aasaas aan xiranayo mid ka mid ah helay, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu rumaysan yahay in dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah - dhaxalkooda aadanaha.

Jerome Hal Lemelson

aadanaha noocan oo kale ah la alifay weyn sida mashiinka fax, taleefan wireless, iswada kaydinta iyo cajalad ah, ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in Jerome ku Lemelson dadweynaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, saynisyahano, kuwaas oo yeelatay technology ah ee dheeman iyo qaar ka mid ah qalabka caafimaadka oo kaa caawin in lagu daaweeyo kansarka.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Tani hanad aqoonsan yahay noocyo kala duwan oo Sciences abaabulay jaamacadda ugu horeysay ee Russia. The been abuurtay ugu caansan ee gaarka loo leeyahay ee Mikhail Vasilyevich - Mashiinka dabaysha. Waxaa loogu tala galay in kor loogu qaado alaabtii saadaasha hawada gaar ah. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro badan, waxay Lomonosov waa qoraaga noocooda ah ee diyaaradaha casriga ah.

Ivan Kulibin

ma Ninkan oo aan sabab loo yaqaan wakiil ugu ifka badan ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin xiiso carruurnimada hore ee mabaadi'da farsamo. Thanks to shuqulkiisa, aan hadda isticmaalaan qalabka navigation, saacad digniin, matoorada jilitaanka biyaha. Markii ugu sheegay war abuurashadoodii ayaa wax ka mid ah dheecaan sheekooyin. hanad Magac xataa noqday erayga reerka ah. Kulibin hadda wac qofka uu awood u leeyahay inuu sameeyo daahfurtay la yaab leh.

Sergei Korolev

In ka howgala danaha uu saaran Cosmonautics, qalabka duulista, dhismaha nidaamka gantaal-bannaan iyo hub gantaal. Sergey Pavlovich inta badan ka qayb qaatay sahaminta bannaan. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe pride ah "Vostok" iyo "Voskhod", gantaalaha diyaaradaha lagula dagaalamo, "217" iyo-duwan dheer "212", iyo sidoo kale diyaaradda gantaal, qalabaysan engine gantaal.

Alexander Popov

Waxa uu abuurtay raadiyaha iyo radio waa saynisyahan Ruush. daahfurka u gaar ah waxaa ka hormarey sano cilmi-galay dabeecadda iyo faafinta.

jirka weyn oo injineer koronto ku dhashay wadaadka qoyska. Alexander wuxuu lahaa lix iyo walaalaha. Horeba in uu carruurnimada ayuu si kaftan ah u yeedhay professor ah, sida Popov ahaa xishood, caato ah, kid sirgaxan, neceb dagaal oo kulan buuq badan. In fiqi Perm ee seminary, Alexander S. waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan physics ee buugga Gano. Uu dheeldheel jecel ahaa shirkii reer qalabka farsamada fudud. xirfadahan yimid ku anfacaya mustaqbalka marka la samaynayo Popov alaabtii jirka ah ee ay cilmi-baaris muhiim u gaar ah.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

Furitaanka of this hindisa Ruush weyn loo ogol yahay in ay keenaan aerodynamics iyo barnaamijka meel si heer cusub. In 1897 Tsiolkovsky u dhammeeyey shuqulkii on tunnel dabaysha. Iyada oo deeq u go'ay, waxaa loo xisaabiyaa iska caabin ah ee kubad, dhululubo ama hay'adaha kale. Xogta helay waxaa loo shuqulladiisa Nikolai Zhukovsky in.

In 1894 Tsiolkovsky dhisay diyaarad la birta ah, laakiin fursad ay ku dhisi qalabka sida uma ay muuqan ilaa labaatan sanno ka dib ah.

Arrinta muranka. alifay ee nal - waa kan?

On abuurka ah ee unugga, iftiinka bixiya shaqeeyay wakhtiyadii hore. noocooda ah ee laambadood oo casri ah ayaa la earthenware barmiil Feynuuska daah suuf laga sameeyey. Masaaridii hore ku shubay weel sida oo saliid saytuun ah waxaa lagu gubay. Dadka deegaanka Badda Caspian waxaa loo isticmaalay in qalabka la mid ah waxyaabaha kale ee shidaalka - saliid. The shumac horreeyey waxaa la sameeyey ee qarniyadii dhexe, ka koobnayd Beeswax. Si fiican u yaqaan Leonardo da Vinci adag shaqeeyay si ay u abuuraan laambad saliid ah, laakiin qalabka iftiiminta ammaan Been abuurtay qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, marka hore dunida ee.

Waxaan weli ma aannu joojin inaannu dood ku saabsan yahay kuwaas oo horyaalka sharaf of "abuura ee guluubka iftiinka." marka hore waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov, shaqeeyeen koronto nolosha oo dhan. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe ma aha oo kaliya laambadda, laakiin sidoo kale laambadda korontada. qalab la soo dhaafay waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in daboolaya jidadka. shumac Wonder gubay saacad iyo badh ah, ka dib markii taas oo waardiye u lahaa in la bedelo mid cusub.

In 1872-1873 GG. Injineer Ruush iyo hindisa Lodygin abuuray nalka iftiinka macnaha casriga ah ee erayga. Marka ugu horeysa, shanqarta fudud in soddon daqiiqo, oo ka dib markii hawada laga unit ku listo wakhtigan si weyn u kordhay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Fadilmo ee la alifay sheegay laambad incandescent Tomas Edison iyo Dzhozef Svan.

gunaanad

The alifay dunida na siiyey qalab badan oo nolol raaxo badan oo kala duwan. Horumarka uusan weli taagan, oo haddii xitaa dhowr boqol oo ka hor si ay u hirgeliyaan dhammaan digsiyada fudud ma laha awoodda farsamo, maanta turjumi fikrado ficil inta badan ka sahlan.