Aluminium Diyaaradaha: sifooyinka

Sababo la istareexsan, ductility iyo caabiga daxalka aluminium waxa uu noqday wax lagama maarmaan ah in warshado badan. Diyaaradaha aluminium - group of Alloys kala duwan ee ka mid noqoshada ee magnesium sare xoog, Silicon, copper, iyo manganese. Siiyo xoog dheeraad ah si ay daawaha taasi oo ka m. N. "Saamayn Gabowga" - hab gaar ah oo adkaansho sarkhaansan muddo dheer jawi dagaal badan atmosfeerta. daawaha ayaa la Been abuurtay qarnigii 20aad hoos magaca duralumin, hadda sidoo kale loo yaqaan magaca "Avial".

Qeexid. Taariiqda

Bilowgii taariikhda daawaha aluminium duulista waxaa loo arkaa inay 1909. Injineer qodniinka- Jarmal Alfred Wilm siman aasaasay, haddii daawaha aluminium dheeriga yar oo copper, manganese iyo magnesium ka dib markii adkaansho at heerkul ah 500 ° C iyo demin taagan at 20-25 ° for 4-5 maalmood, waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah uu noqonayaa adag iyo xoog, iyada oo aan laga badiyay dabacsanaan. Nidaamka waxa loo yaqaan "gabow" ama "bislaada". Inta lagu guda jiro Adkaan this atamka copper buuxin hannaanka ugu yar ee goobaha at xuduudaha hadhuudhka. Dhexroor ee la eb copper waa ka yar yahay in aluminium, sababtoo ah waxaa jira stress riixo, markaa si ay kordhaan xoog ah waxyaabaha la.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay daawaha la baasana ee warshadaha Jarmal Dürener Metallwerken oo helay brand dural, sidaa magaca "duralumin". Ka dibna, metallurgist American R. B. iyo Halabuurka Archer Dzhafris hagaagtay by beddelo boqolkiiba inta magnesium. daawaha cusub oo lagu magacaabo 2024 oo beddelka kala duwan si ballaaran ayaa maanta loo isticmaalo, laakiin qoyska oo dhan Alloys - "Avial". Magaca "aluminium diyaaradaha", waxaaga this ayaa helay ku dhawaad isla markiiba ka dib markii ay sida buuxda u bedelay qoryo iyo biraha dhismaha ee diyaaradaha.

Noocyada ugu waaweyn iyo sifooyinka

Waxaa jira saddex kooxood oo ugu waaweyn:

• Family of aluminium-manganese (Al-Mn), iyo aluminium-magnesium (Al-mg). Sifada ugu weyn - sare, si dhib leh liita iska caabin ah daxalka aluminium saafi ah. Alloys noocan oo kale ah si fiican u jawaabaan alxanka iyo kabida, laakiin cut xun. Aan sii qallafiyey by daaweyn kulaylka.
• Daxalka u adkaysta Alloys aluminium-hab ee magnesium-Silicon (Al-mg-Si). Adkaansho daaweynta kulaylka, kuwaas oo demin at 520 ° C by demin biyaha iyo gabowga dabiiciga raacay ilaa 10 maalmood. Dabeecadaha kala ah kooxdan oo ah alaabta - iska caabin ah daxalka sare marka loo isticmaalo xaaladaha caadiga ah, iyo culeys.
• Alloys dhismayaasha, aluminium-copper-magnesium (Al-CU-mg). Waxay ku saleysan - doped copper, manganese, magnesium iyo aluminium. By kala duwan ee Joogaba, oo ka mid ah xubno ka alloying diyaaradaha diyaariyey aluminium, sifooyinka kuwaas oo kala duwanaan karaan.

Qalabka ee kooxda dambe hantiyi guryaha farsamo wanaagsan, laakiin waa mid aad u nugul in ay ragaasi ka badan qoyska koowaad iyo labaad ee Alloys. Degree of nuglaato in ay ragaasi ku xidhan tahay nooca daaweynta dusha, taas oo weli waa lagama maarmaanka ah si loo ilaaliyo rinji ama anodized. caabin daxalka waxaa kor u soo bandhigid qayb ka mid ah daawaha manganese.

Waxa intaa dheer in saddexda nooc oo waaweyn oo Alloys kale oo jira oo ildheer Sharaf Alloys, kulaylka u adkaysta, -xoog sare dhismaha et al. Ma lagama maarmaan u ah guryaha codsi gaar ah.

Calaamadaynta of Alloys duulista

heerarka caalamiga ah marka hore aluminium diyaaradaha lambar sixitaanka muujinaysaa canaasiirta alloying of daawaha waaweyn:

• 1000 - aluminium saafi ah.
• 2000 - daawaha duralumin, alloyed naxaas. At muddo go'an - daawaha aerospace ugu badan. Sababo la dareen sare si arrinkaas daxalka stress waxaa sii kordheysa bedelay 7000 Alloys taxane.
• 3000 - alloying element - manganese.
• 4000 - alloying element - Silicon. Alloys waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Silumin.
• 5000 - alloying element - magnesium.
• 6000 - ka Alloys ugu caag ah. Alloying xubno - magnesium iyo Silicon. Termozakalke laga yaabaa in lagu kordhiyo xoog ah, laakiin liita ee u dhimaya nabadgelyada this 2000 iyo 7000 taxane.
• 7000 - thermally sii qallafiyey Alloys, aluminium diyaarad-fasalka ugu raagaya. Canaasiirta alloying ugu weyn - zinc iyo magnesium.

Calaamadaynta tirada labaad - beddelka daawaha aluminium ka dib tirada hore isku xigxiga - tirada "0". Labada tirooyinka final - tirada daawaha, macluumaad ku saabsan waxa ay ka khayroon daahirnimo ee nijaasta ahaa. Haddii daawaha noocooda ah ayaa lagu darayaa sixitaanka qof shanaad "X".

Maanta, aluminium ugu badan ee diyaaradaha fasalka 1100, 2014, 2017, 3003, 2024, 2219, 2025, 5052, 5056. Muuqaaladan garan Alloys waa kuwan: fudaydkii, ductility, qalleyf wanaagsan, caabiga abrasion, daxalka iyo walaac sare. In warshadaha diyaaradda ka Alloys ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo - hawada 6061 iyo 7075.

Qaab-dhismeedka

The aluminium weyn ee diyaaradaha xubno ka alloying waa copper, magnesium, Silicon, manganese, iyo zinc. Boqolkiiba miisaan walxahaasi ee daawaha ogaado sifooyinka sida xoog, dabacsanaan, caabiga saamaynta farsamo, iwm The daawaha saldhig - aluminium, xubno alloying aasaasiga ah :. Copper (2,2-5,2% by miisaanka), magnesium (0, 2-2.7%) iyo manganese (0.2-1%).

Qoys ka kooban diyaaradaha Alloys aluminium-Silicon (4-13 mass%) la content yar oo ka mid ah xubno kale alloying - copper, manganese, magnesium, zinc, titanium, beryllium. Waxaa loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee qaybo ka mid adag, sidoo kale loo yaqaan silumin ama tuuray daawaha aluminium. Qoyska uu ka daawaha aluminium-magnesium (1-13% by miisaanka) la xubno kale ductility sare iyo iska-caabbinta daxalka.

Doorka copper ee halabuurka ah ee aluminium diyaaradaha

Joogitaanka copper ee halabuurka ah ee duulimaadyada daawaha kordhinayaan in ay xoojin lahaa, laakiin waqti isku mid ah waa u xun tahay iska caabin ah daxalka ay. Geynta ee xuduudaha hadhuudh lagu jiro demin, copper dhigaysa daawaha u nugul daxalka-daradii, daxalka stress iyo daxalka intergranular. Zones hodan ku copper galvanically badan yahay cathodic badan furta oo aluminium ku wareegsan oo sidaas daraaddeed dheeraad ah oo u nugul daxalka dhaca by hab electrochemical. Kordhinta content copper ee miisaanka daawaha si 12% waxay kordhisaa guryaha xoog ay sabab u tahay qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed particulate ah inta lagu guda jiro da 'ah. Marka content ee copper ee ka kooban in ka badan 12% daawaha noqdo debcaan.

Fields codsiga

Alloys Aluminum waa biraha iibinta ugu caansan. Light diyaaradaha miisaanka xoog daawaha aluminium fasalka this doorasho wanaagsan sameeyaan, waayo, warshado badan oo ka diyaaradaha si maacuunta (taleefannada gacanta, samaacado, tooshash). Alloys Aluminum waxaa loo isticmaalaa in Dhismaha maraakiibta, warshadaha baabuurta, dhismaha, gaadiidka w / d in industry ee nuclear.

Ballaaran sheegtay Alloys la content copper dhexdhexaad ah (2014, 2024 iwm). Profiles of Alloys waxay leeyihiin iska caabin ah daxalka sare, workability wanaagsan, weldability kaalinta. Of iyaga la sameeyey design ka masuul ah diyaarad, baabuur culus, gaadiidka millatariga ah.

Guryaha xarunta aluminium diyaaradaha

Alxanka Alloys diyaaradaha waxaa lagu fuliyaa si gaar ah in gaaska ka ilaaliya inert. gaasas Rabtid waa helium, argon ama isku dar ah oo dhanba. Waxay leedahay conductivity kaamerada sare ee helium. Tani go'aamiso dhaqanka heerkulka wanaagsan ka badan oo deegaanka alxanka kuu ogolaanaya in aad u noqon raaxo leh oo ku filan in ay ku xidhmaan xubno dhismaha qaro weyn-deyran. Isticmaalka isku mid ah gaasaska gaashaamashada wanaajisaa sibraar ku ah. jaaniska of formation of daloolada in Weld ee waxa aad u yaraynaya.

Isticmaalka in industry diyaaradda

Alloys aluminium Diyaaradaha asal ahaan si gaar ah loo abuuray dhismaha diyaaradaha. Kuwaas oo kala ah, guryaha laga sameeyey qaybo ka mid diyaaradaha engine, jiifku, Haamaha Shiidaalka, iyo aaladaha kale ee ugu fiiriyey. Details aluminium diyaaradda waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qol rakaabka gudaha.

2xxx Alloys aluminium taxane waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee qaybo bandhigi heerkulka sare. qanjidhada Details khafiif ah ku raran yihiin, shidaal, iyo nidaamyada saliid Haydarooliga ka samaysan yihiin 3xxx daawaha, 5xxx iyo 6xxx. Waxaa ugu ballaaran loo adeegsado warshadaha diyaaradda ahaa daawaha 7075. waxaa From waxyaabaha loo sameeyay in ay ku shaqeeyaan at load weyn, oo leh kul hoose, caabbi sare si ay daxalka. The salaysan daawaha waa aluminium, iyo ugu weyn xubno alloying magnesium, zinc iyo copper. way ka dhigay profiles awoodda dhismeedka diyaarad, qaybo qolof ah.