American qoraa sheekooyin sayniska Robert Silverberg

author kala duwan ee khayaaliga ah ee sayniska iyo shaqada halis on taariikhda iyo cilmi akeoloji. Waxa uu si joogta ah u sharaxan abaalmarinta maxaa yeelay, shuqulladoodu ee ku sifayn ee sheekooyin sayniska. Si aad u taariikhda, waxa la daabacay oo ku saabsan laba boqol oo ka mid ah sheekooyin sayniska iyo shuqullo sayniska caanka ah ee qoraaga.

sano ka yar

Waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada New York (Brooklyn) January 15, 1935 oo qoyska ka mid ah Michael iyo Elena (Baimov) Silverberg. Walaalo Robert lama saaxiibada ugu muhiimsan ee uu ka soo da'da hore noqday buug. Gaar ahaan wiilka jeclaa in uu akhriyo sheekooyin. At da'da dugsiga, wuxuu bilaabay inuu qoro sheekooyinka khayaaliga ah, kaas oo la daabacay wargeysyada ee 1949. Shuqulkiisa ugu horeysay weyn "Dheeraynta on Alpha C" by Robert Silverberg qoray halka waxbarashada Jaamacadda Columbia. In 1956, waxaa la daabacay iyo Robert, sida qoraaga ugu fiican helay abaal marinta ugu horeysay "Hugo".

muddo Commercial of abuurka

Ka dib markii qalin jabiyay 1956, University majoring ee "Suugaanta barbardhiga", waqti, Robert shaqeeya sida qoraa madaxbanaan ah. Waxa uu ku qoray sheekooyin badan oo khiyaali ah sayniska iyo quudhin waayo, joornaalo kala duwan dhowr sano. Isla muddadaas, Robert Silverberg guursaday Barbara Brown. qoyska Young loo baahan yahay lacag, iyo nooca sayniska khayaaliga ah, taas oo ah qoraaga u shaqeeyo, waxay bilaabeen in ay lumiyaan xiisaha akhristaha ee. Sidaa darteed, qoraaga bixinaya fiiro dheeraad ah si tirada, oo qoray in noocyo kala duwan oo ka shaqo culus u sheekooyin madadaalo aan qabyo ahayn, sheekooyinka iyo ficiladooda nijaasta fudud. Later, qoraaga qirtay in waqtigaan uu noqday Col naftiisa, waayo, sidaas caadaysatay in iibka ah in aan isticmaalo ay tayo u gaar ah. Hal-abuurka ayaa noqday wiigaas, iyo qoraaga lahaa in qori ku saabsan mawduucyo in loo baahan yahay suuqa. Robert Silverberg in muddo this ganacsi qoray shuqullo badan oo la soo daabacay hal mar oo keliya oo aan marnaba republished. Tani state of arrimaha qoraaga go'aansaday in la beddelo oo ka sifayn Sayniska-fi ah, iyo madadaalada iska socday.

Ku soo noqoshada khayaali

In si demoqaraadiyad hore, Silverberg dhaqaaqay qori shuqullada cilmiyeed ku saabsan mawduucyada archeological iyo taariikhiga ah ee carruurta iyo faa'iiday warkiisii qaranka sida popularizer ka mid ah suugaanta oo kale. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa uu helo dalab ka wanaagsan iskaashiga ka Frederick Paul - editor of dhowr ah joornaalada sayniska khayaaliga. In bartamihii demoqaraadiyad-, ay caanka ah ee nooca ay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan, iyo qorayaasha sheekooyin sayniska wanaagsan ayaa si isa soo taraysa caansan. Silverberg si qoraal sheekooyin sayniska ku noqdeen, laakiin hadda shaqada qoraaga yihiin macnaha more qoto dheer.

stage A cusub ee shaqada

Dib hab ganacsi si ay u hal-abuurka ah ee qoraaga shuqulladiisa mar dambe in lagu xidho in baahida loo qabo in la sheego sheeko geesinimada leh dhamaad faraxsan. maadooyinka uu inta badan kiciyey dhibaatada jabkii iyo go'doon ah ee qofka, iyo dhamaad yahay inta badan la murogoodo ama aan madmadowga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha wax garad ah rajo. Masaal Robert Silverberg siinayaa akhristaha in la fahmo in haddii qofku noloshiisa waxaa ka buuxa qaba lama huraan, ka dibna meel waa in kale. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin of update ee shuqullada waa shuqullo "Open cirka" in 1967 iyo "Down in Earth", 1969, soo daabacay wargeyska "Galaxy" Frederick Paul. Dhibaatooyinka Ba'an ee aqoonsiga aadanaha ayaa sidoo kale ka hadlay in novel ah "The dhimashada iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan." In waxa aan ka hadleynaa nin aan hadiyadda inay maqlaan fikirrada dadka kale. Waa maxay ka xun, in awood this ku nool ama lagu waayayo? novel ah "Vertical World" dhaleecayn Silverberg inta badan loo yaqaan mid ka mid ah uu shuqulladiisa ugu fiican. Waa muuqaal madow oo Isniinta ah mustaqbalka dunida, dadka iyo dabeecadda aadanaha. warbixinta kooban ee kale ee shaqada qoraaga muddada this: "Si aad mar kale ku nool yihiin," "The Book of Skulls," "Glass Tower", "Down in Earth", "Qodxan", "Sandes", "ku dhashay dhintay," "Caliban". Ku dhowaad dhammaan shuqullada qoraaga ka 1969 ilaa 1974 heer aad u sarreeya. Sidaa darteed, inta lagu jiro xilliga this Silverberg helo wax badan oo ay guulaystay Abaal-marinta "Nightwing" 1969 - abaalmarinta "Hugo", "Time of Change" 1971 - Award "nebula", "injiilka ka Vatican" 1971 - Award "nebula".

Isbeddelka ku dheelitirka shaqada nolosha

By 1975, qoraaga mar kale ay go'aansatay in ay ka sifayn ee sheekooyin sayniska tago. Waxa uu joojiyay qoraal sheekooyin gaagaaban, daabacay dhowr tixaha, iyo inkastoo ay baryootan oo ka mid ah tifaftirayaasha iyo taageerayaasha, si cad u dhawaaqay inuu ka tagay nooca ah, xiganaya daal. Uu fasax socday ilaa 1978 iyo 1980 Silverberg triumphantly la novel ugu horeysay, "The Castle Rabbiga Valentine" laabtay taxane ah oo ku saabsan buugaag Majipoor. In ku tiris ah isla badalayaan iyo nolashiisa qaaska ah ee qoraaga. Waxa uu furay xaaskiisi ugu horreysay ee 1986 iyo guursadaa qoraa Karen Haber. Isbahaysiga Tan noqday dhal badan labada qorayaasha. Robert iyo Karen ayaa iska kaashanaya tiro ka mid ah mashaariicda, gaar ahaan, "ayuu Season of mutant ah." Si aad u taariikhda, labada nin deggan Oakland, uu sii wado inuu ku farxi akhristayaasha shuqulladoodii ee Robert Silverberg. qoraaga buug weli waa xiiso leh iyo filayaa.