Anna Pavlova: Biography iyo sawir. The qoob cayaarto weyn Ruush

The qoob cayaarto Ruush weyn Anna Pavlova ku dhashay 12 February 1881 ee St. Petersburg. Gabadha uu ahaa sharci darrada ah, iyada oo hooyo u shaqeeyey sidii gabadh at tusaysa si fiican u yaqaan Lazar Polyakov, ayuu waxaa loo arkaa aabaha ilmaha ka. qudhiisa wax lug ah iyada dhalashada ma ay garan, laakiin aysan waxba ka qabin xaqiiqada ah in gabar la duubay sida Anna Lazarevna Maaliyadeed.

Hooyo Anna Polyakova guriga tegey ilmaha iyo degeen agagaarka St. Petersburg. Gabadha ku soo koray iyo in la horumariyo iyada oo ay kormeerayaan hooyadiis, kuwaas oo adag isku dayeen in ay abuurto in gabadheeda jacayl ah tahay.

Biography Creative Anny Pavlovoy

Maalin maalmaha ka mid hooyaday qaaday Anna si Tiyaatarka Mariinsky ah. Siiyey "Hurdada Beauty" Petra Ilicha Chaykovskogo. Iyadoo codadka ugu horreeya ee orchestra ku Anya dantay. Markaasuu wuxuu ku arkeen ballet, breathlessly, qalbigeeda ayay ku faraxsan fluttered, sida taabashada quruxdiisa.

In fal labaad, wiilasha iyo gabdhaha masraxa cayaaray Waltz ah.

- Waxaad jeclaan lahayd in aad la dheesho? - sheegay Anna hooyadeed inta lagu guda jiro joojis ah, in qofku uu si chorus cayaarta.

- No ... waxaan doonayaa in aad la dheesho, sidii quruxda seexdo ... - Gabar ayaa ku jawaabay.

Ka dib booqasho uu ku tagay meesha heer sare loo yaqaan Tiyaatarka Mariinsky ku Anna bilaabay inuu ku riyoon ku saabsan ballet. All wada hadallada ku jira guriga haatan ahaayeen oo kaliya on tahay bara, gabadha tan iyo aroortii ilaa habeenkii in aad la dheesho in muraayada horteeda, oo wuxuu u tegey si aad u hesho la fikradda ah ballet ah. hiwaayad The aan la eegay sida ilmo, qoob ka noqday qayb ka mid ah noloshiisa.

Hooyada, arkay, Anna qaatay dugsiga ballet ah. Waqtigaas, gabadha ahaa oo kali ah siddeed sannadood. Macalimiinta ayaa lagula talinayaa in ay ku yimaadaan laba sano, halka xusay awoodda oo muuqda ee galbeyn. In 1891, qoob mustaqbalka la dhigay St. Petersburg Academy of Arts Theatre waaxda ballet ah.

Study xirtay dabeecad Spartan, wax waluba u jideeyey, anshaxa adag, shaqo socday muddo siddeed saacadood maalintii. Laakiin 1898, Anna ka college sharaf qalin. waxqabadka Final loo yaqaan "dryads khayaali ah" waxaa gabar cayaartay gabadhii khamriga Party.

Anna si deg deg ah ku qaaday Tiyaatarka Mariinsky ah. Her ugu horeeyay ee ballet ah "Quwad taxadar" ee pas de trois (saddex qoob) ee. Laba sano ka dib, Anna Pavlova cayaartay doorka hogaanka dejinta si music by Cesare Pugni "Gabadhay The Fircoon." Ka dibna uu bilaabo qoob ah u dhaqmeen sida Nikia ee "La Bayadere", taas oo ku riday Marius Petipa, awowe of ballet Ruush. In 1903, Pavlov horay u dhaqmeen in doorka hogaanka ku ballet ah "Giselle".

horumarinta

In 1906, Anna loo magacaabay qoob ugu horeeysa ee Ballet Kirov ah. Waxay bilaabeen in dadaalka shaqo ee search a hal abuur noocyada cusub. ballet Ruush looga baahan updates, iyo Pauline ahaa awoodaan si ay u abuuraan images kala duwan ee ruuxii of our time, la muyuusiga Aleksandrom Gorskim innovator kuwa hawaystay inaan Jilidda ah goob ay ka shaqeeya oo ahaa taageeraha ugu weyin ee joogga ah ee cayaarta.

Anna Pavlova iyo Mikhail Fokin

In qarnigii 20aad ballet Ruush sarkhaansan hadda islaaxiyiinta ahaa. Mid ka mid ah taageerayaasha ugu sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda of isbedel xagjirka ah ee farshaxanka ballet ahaa muyuusiga ee Mikhail Fokin. Waxa uu ka soo kala dhaqanka ee ticket ka qoob ka diiday. wax A dheeraad ah reformer ku Fokine ahaa baabiiyo of isticmaalka noocyada caddeymood ee ballet, dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo isu-gaynta. Wuxuu ku bixiyey improvisation cayaarta sida aasaaskii ballet oo dhan.

Anna Pavlova sameeyey jilaa ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah xisbiyada waaweyn ee soo saarka ee Mihaila Fokina. Waxa uu ahaa "Habeenka dalka Masar", "Berenice," "Les Sylphides", "geedka canabka ah", "Eunice," "Le Pavillon d'Armide". Laakiin natiijada ugu weyn ee iskaashiga ahaa ballet ah "The Swan dhimashada" si music by Saint-Saëns, kaas oo uu ku Qaddarray si ay u noqdaan mid ka mid ah calaamadaha of ballet Ruush ee qarnigii 20aad. Taariikhda qoob cayaarto Pavlova waa la kala saari Karin xidhiidh la masterpiece this of xardheen. goobta Ballet ee guumaysgeesaleyda a dhimanayaan dunida naxay.

Bishii December ee 1907 at ruwaayad hay'ad samafal ah oo Anna Pavlova oofiyo "Swan dhimashada". Laxamiistaha Camille Saint-Saëns, kuwaas oo la joogo waqti isku mid ah uu ahaa, waxaa la yaabay fasiraadda uu music iyo muujiyay jaceylka qoto dheer loogu talagalay miniatures qaab tayo leh. Waxa uu shakhsi ahaan uga mahadceliyay qoob cayaarto waayo ahaanshaha, on jilibka bended, oo wuxuu ku yidhi, "Thanks inaad, waxaan ogaaday in aan awoodey in ay qoraan music u qurux badan."

qoob cayaarto ugu fiican ee ku saabsan dhammaan qaaradaha isku dayeen in ay qabtaan Ghadafi ee ballet caan ah. Ka dib markii Anna Pavlova si buuxda u guulaysatay Maya Plisetskaya.

safar shisheeye

In 1907, Mariinsky Imperial Tiyaatarka dal kale tegey. Qaab lagu qabtay Stockholm. Wax yar ka dib uu ku soo laabtay Russia Anna Pavlova, qoob cayaarto ku caan ah dunida, ka tagay tiyaatarka hooyo, aad bay u soo gaaray in wax this, sida lahaa inuu bixiyo ganaax weyn fashilka heshiiska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma joojin qoob ah.

nolosha Personal

Anna Pavlova, qoob cayaarto la qorshayaasha hal abuur ballaaran, u baxay inuu Paris, halkaas oo uu bilaabay in ay ka qeyb qaataan "Seasons Ruush" iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday xiddig ee mashruuca. Kolkaasay ku tidhi kulmay Victor Dandre, connoisseur weyn ee farshaxanka ballet, kuwaas oo isla markiiba qaaday bacdi ee Anna ka baxeen iyada guri ee agagaarkeedii Paris, class qoob ka qalabaysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa ku kici qaali, iyo Dandre bixiyey lacagta dadweynaha, kaas oo uu ku xiray oo Maxkamad.

Markaas Pavlova Anna Pavlovna gabagabeeyay aad u qaali ah, laakiin heshiiska wada shaqayn la leh London hay'adda "Braff" ah, kaas oo ay ahayd in ay u dhaqmaan maalin kasta, laba jeer maalintii. Lacagta ka caawiyay inay badbaadiyaan Victor Dandre xabsiga ka, sida uu deynta la damiyay. Lovers waxay wada guursadeen in a kaniisadaha Paris Orthodox.

Swans nolosha qoob cayaarto a

Ka dib markii Pavlov qayb ahaan ka soo hoos shaqeeyay heshiiska hay'adda "Braff", ayay abuuray iyada shirkadda ballet u gaar ah oo waxay bilaabeen inay guulaysanayaan ee France iyo UK la hadlo. Si buuxda u degeen Wakaalada, Anna Pavlova, kuwaas oo nolosha shakhsiga ah ayaa la hagaajiyay, wuxuu dejiyaa Dandre ee London. Gurigooda ahaa House Ivy waa guri nagaadi ah la balli dhow, halkaas oo ku noolaa ee Swansea cad oo qurux badan. Hadda waxa laga bilaabo nolosha Anny Pavlovoy kala saari Karin ayaa lala guriga cajiibka ah, iyo haadda sharaf leh. Qoob helaa raaxo leh Swansea hadlaya.

shaqo dheeraad ah

Pavlova Anna Pavlovna, dabeecadda waa firfircoon, qorshayaasha u tari waayo, horumarinta hal-abuurka. Ninkeeda, nasiib wanaag, si lama filaan ah helay awood u leh inay ku hawlan soo saarka iyo kor u qaadida shaqo oo uu naagtiisa. Waxa uu noqday tababaraha rasmiga ah Anny Pavlovoy, iyo qoob ka weyn mar dambe welwelin yaabaa saabsan mustaqbalka, waxa ay ahayd in gacmaha wanaagsan.

In 1913 iyo 1914 qoob ka sameeyaa Moscow iyo St. Petersburg, oo ay ku jiraan Mariinsky Tiyaatarka ah, halkaas oo ay ugu danbeysay cayaartay Nikia. In Moscow, Anna Pavlova yimid on goobta beerta Mirror Tiyaatarka "Hermitage". Ka dib markii bandhig this, way tagtay on safar dheer oo Europe. Markaasuu raacay bilood badan oo socdaalka ee Maraykanka, Brazil, Chile iyo Argentina. Markaas, ka dib markii fasax gaaban, Dandre abaabulay safar of Australia iyo dalalka Aasiya.

Wixii la doonayay oo dibuhabaynta

Back ee sannadaha hore ee Tiyaatarka Mariinsky ah, ka dib markii la dhammeeyo dugsiga, Anna Pavlova dareemay awood u leh in la beddelo Buzadag aasaasay farshaxanka ballet ah. cayaare Young kulma degdeg ah loogu baahan isbedel. Waxay u maleeyeen in xardheen ee loo ballaarin karo iyo hodan by noocyo cusub. Classics ah nooca ka muuqday xoogaa dhacsan, u baahan hagaajinta a xagjirka ah.

Akhriya iyada qayb ka mid in "taxadar Quwad", Pavlov jeediyay Marius Petipa si ay u sameeyaan tallaabo kacaan oo bedelay a darafkii gaaban crinoline darafkii in a qaawanaanta habboon dheer, xiganaya caanka Mariyu Taloni, wakiilka of ballet ee Era ah Romantic, oo asal ahan kabaha Tutu iyo Pointe, iyo ka dibna tagay ay guushu ku ah dharka dhacaya darafkii gaaban.

Muyuusiga Petipa dhageystay aragtida Anna, u qalay, iyo Marius daawaday qoob ka bilaabo si loo soo afjaro. Ka dib markii in, Tutu noqday sifo qaab sida "Swan Lake", halkaas oo darafkii gaaban ku haboon tahay dejinta qaab. Dad badan oo loo arko hordhaca ah ee qaawanaanta ah sida nooca aasaasiga ah ee ballet xirtaan xadgudub ku ah Buzadag ah, hase ahaatee dheer dal dhar qoob cayaarto waxaana markii dambe lagu ciyaaray farshaxanka dharka ballet sida qayb muhiim ah waxqabadka.

Hal-abuurka iyo muran

Anna Pavlova nafteeda laftiisa loo yaqaan horyaal iyo reformer. Waxay ahayd ku hanweynahay in waxay awooday inay ka tanaasulaan ah "bye-bye" (daraftiisa crinoline,), iyo ka badan si haboon u labistaan. Waxay lahaa inuu ku doodo la xaakinnadii reer ballet dhaqanka oo ay caddeeyaan in Tutu ma waxaa loogu talagalay dhammaan qaab. Iyo in dharka masrixiyada waa in la soo xulay oo la raacayo waxa ka dhacaya on stage, halkii ay guushu ku ah Buzadag classical.

Dadka ka soo horjeeda ee Paul ku dooday in ay lugaha u furan - ugu horayn waa mudaaharaad ka mid ah farshaxanka qoob. Anna ku heshiiyeen, laakiin muujiyay xoriyadda weyn ee doorashada ee dharka. Waxay dareemeen in crinoline dheer noqon sifo tacliinta iyo gabi ahaanba ma aha inuu noqon hal-abuurka. xeerarka rasmi ah ayaa labada dhinac, laakiin hadalka la soo dhaafay go'aansaday inuu ka tago dadweynaha.

Anna Pavlova waa calool xumaaday kaliya hal haysan dhar dheer - qaawanaanta faqiirsan qoob cayaarto "porhlivosti". ereygaas soo baxay nafteeda la, muddada loogu tala galay in laalaabka figeeyay mooshinka duulaya oo jidhka ah, ama halkii, ay qariyeen duulimaadka laftiisa. Laakiin markaas Anna ayaa bartay in ay hantiyaan cillad this. Qoob loo bixiyey inuu qofka si loo tuuro wax yar ka badan sida caadiga ah, iyo wax kasta oo meel ku dhaceen. In qoob waxaa jiray xornimada loo baahan yahay ee dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo nimcadiisa.

Serge Lifar: dareenkaa

"Waligay ma arag sida fudaydkii rabaani ah, airiness weightless iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa si quruxsan." Sidaas daraaddeed waxaan soo qoray muyuusiga ugu weyn ee Faransiis Serge Lifar on Kulankii uu la qoob cayaarto Ruushka dhiba Pavlovoy.

"Laga soo bilaabo ugu horeysay waxaa la guulaystay by farshaxan dabiiciga ah, ayay u cayaartay, sida ay u si fudud oo si dabiici ah u neefsato. Ma jirin doonayo inuu saxo fuete ballet, tricks Iduna Park. Kaliya quruxda dabiiciga ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dabiiciga ah jidhka iyo fudaydkii, airiness ..."

"Waxaan arkay in Paul ma qoob ah, iyo hanad qoob ka. Waxay igu kiciyey ilaa dhulka, anigu ma aan hadli karin ama u qiimeeyaan. Maqan mid aan jirin, mana noqon kartaa Miciisa."

Socdaalka iyo tirakoobka

Anna Pavlova ku jirtay nolol socdaalka firfircoon 22 sano. Muddadan iyadu ka qayb qaatay qaab sagaal kun, saddex meelood laba ka mid ah kuwaas oo soo maray tan iyo fulinta doorka ugu weyn. Guuritaanka oo magaalo ilaa magaalo, qoob cayaarto Adkaan aan ka yarayn 500 oo kun oo kiiloomitir tareen. sayidkiisa Talyaani ee samaynta kabaha ballet tosheen waayo, Anna Pavlova laba kun lammaane oo kabo Pointe sanadkiiba.

In u dhexeeya badan oo tours qoob cayaarto nasanaya iyadoo ninkeeda in gurigiisa, Swansea gacanta ka mid ah, ee hooska geedaha, meel u dhow balli weli nadiif ah. In hal booqasho oo kale Dandre casuumay caanka ah sawir qaade Lafayette, kaasoo sameeyey sawirro taxane ah oo Anny Pavlovoy iyada guumaysgeesaleyda la jecel yahay. Maanta, sawiradaan loo arkaa sida xusuusta ah oo qoob cayaarto weyn ee qarnigii 20aad.

In Australia, oo lagu sharfayo qoob cayaarto Ruushka Anna Pavlova soo macmacaan ah "Pavlova" midhaha qalaad dheeriga ah ee meringue ah. By habka, New Zealand sheegeen in ay ku abuuray this dawayn Maalmihii.

Marka Anna Pavlova cayaartay masraxa caan qoob dad Mexico "Tapati Kharab," taas oo macnaheedu yahay "dheesho hat ah," in uu fasiraadda. Mexico qoob ka xamaasad iyo Tawrced koofiyadaha goobta oo dhan. Oo 1924, cayaarta ayaa lagu dhawaaqay qoob qaranka Republic of Mexico.

In Shiinaha, Anna Pavlova yaabay dhagaystayaasha, cayaartay aan kala joogsi lahayn 37 fuete on boosteejo ah oo yar yar, rakibay on dambe ee maroodiga ah, ku dul socda oo duurka ku.

beeralaydu Dutch ayaa koray noocyo kala duwan oo gaar ah oo tulips midabka cad, taas oo heshay magaca qoob cayaarto weyn Anna Pavlova. Ubax jilicsan on caato ah afkoda, sida ay astaan nimcada.

In London, dhisay tiro ka mid ah taxadiri kala duwan ka go'an in ay qoob cayaarto ah. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa iska leh muddo gaar ah oo nolosheeda. Saddex ka mid ah taallo lagu rakibay dhow guriga Ivy House kaas oo Pavlov ku noolaa inta badan ee uu noloshiisa.

Anna waa philanthropy cajiib ah, iyada waxaa ku hawlan samafal, dhowr agoonta iyo dosshouses furay caruurta hoy la'aanta. Gabdhaha iyo wiilasha ee martida, kuwaas oo hay'adaha la awood u leh inay cayaaraan, waxaa soo xulay oo u soo diray inuu qoob dugsiga carruurta, guriga furan Ivy House.

Sadaqo tallaabo Separate Anna Pavlova ahaa gargaarka abaarta ee gobolka Volga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay si joogto ah u codsado soo diraan konteenaro dugsiga ballet St. Petersburg.

Dhimashada qoob ka weyn

Anna Pavlova dhintay pneumonia January 23, 1931 The Hague, inta lagu guda jiro safar ah. Qoob on tababarasho qabow qol qabow. dambas Her in columbarium waa "Fazul", ee London. sanduuq wuxuu ku yaalaa soo socda si hadhaagii ninkeeda Victor Dandre.

Filimku wuxuu, u abuuray in xasuusta Anny Pavlovoy

Life iyo qaddar ee qoob cayaarto caansan dunida ee ay ka muuqatay in film telefishanka shan a fuliyeen Script Emile Lotyanu.

taariikhda Film sheegayaa nolol gaaban laakiin il qabad leh qoob cayaarto weyn oo nin fiican loo magacaabay Anna Pavlova. 1983, wax soo saarka mar taxanaha ah si ay shaashadda, waxay ahayd sannad ka mid ah 102-guuradii koowaad ee dhalashada qoob ah. Filimku wuxuu ku lug badan oo characters, iyo doorka Paul gabyeen Atariishada Galina Belyaeva.