Battle of Tsushima 1905. Naval Battle badda ee Japan. Tsushima Strait

Battle of Tsushima in 1905 oo ka mid ah raxan Ruush Pacific ka Imperial Navy Japanese ah ayaa guuldarro burburiyo. Sidaas darteed, dagaalka badda koox dad ah Ruush adkaadeen oo ku baabbi'iyeen. Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee maraakiibta Ruush ahaa deijiyey by badmaax Japanese iyo daadadku leh markabka. Maraakiibta qaar ka mid ah ayaa ku dhawaaqday in ay is dhiibin, maraakiibta afar kaliya ku soo laabtay xeebaha uu dekedda hooyo. dagaal Ruush-Japanese (1904-1905) ku dhamaaday guul weyn military ee raxan Ruushka xeebaha jasiiradda Tsushima (Japan). Waa maxay sababaha guuldarada, oo waxaa jiray natiijada kale suurto gal ah dhacdooyinka?

Xaaladda military iyo siyaasadeed ee Bariga Fog

dagaal Ruush-Japanese ee 1904-1905 bilaabeen weerar lama filaan ah oo ay ku baabbi'inaya ciidamada badda Japan dagaal on maraakiibta Ruushka ee ku sugan waddooyinka ee Port Arthur ah. laba gaari madaafiic culus iyo weelka dushiisa ku burburay by weerar toorbiidyo ah. History of Bariga Fog leedahay wax badan oo talaabo military. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu soo qabto oo dib-u-qaybinta goobo saamayneed in qayb ka mid ah ee dalka Ruushka.

rabitaan Japan ayaa boqor Waqooyi Shiinaha iyo Jasiiradda Korean si aada ay taageerayaan Britain iyo Maraykanka of America. The sokeeye Ruush yar, sida France, Germany iyo kuwo kale, arrinta of ilaalinta ee dhulalka Ruush si adag u taageeray Ruush Emperor Nicholas II. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay daqiiqado muhim istiraatiiji ah weli isku dayeen sii dhex-dhexaad ah. Kor sokeeye muujiyey kaliya marka la danahooda ganacsi waafaqsan.

Istiraatiijiga ah ee go'aan-qaadasho

Si joogto ah sii xoogeysaneyso weerarka Japanese Port Arthur, saldhigga ugu weyn ee Pacific Ruush ah Fleet, qasbay Emperor Nicholas II in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin muhim. Go'aanka waxaa loo sameeyey in July 1904. daciifisa of koox dad ah Pacific ah in laga adkaado oo ay baabbi'iyaan raxan Japan waxaa ka koox dad ah Kronstadt diray hoos imaanaya hoggaanka xigeenka Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

Waa on maraakiibta jidka Baltic ogaadeen in Port Arthur waa la qabsaday, iyo dhammaan maraakiibta ee waddooyinka daadadku. Maraakiibtan Pacific The waa la wada baabbi'iyey. Tani waa taariikhda bada ee Ruushka Bariga Fog ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Nicholas II go'aansado inuu sii Jidka raxan u Imperial in xeebaha Japan. Si loo xoojiyo koox dad ah ay weerar ka soo badda bari ayaa soo diray askartii ka mid ah maraakiibta dagaalka ee Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

soo horjeeda awood aan qummanaynu

Progress ee Battle of Tsushima la sii ogaan karin tirada unugyada ee dhinacyada soo horjeeda. The raxan Pacific-ku-xigeenka Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky ka mid ahaa:

• 8 koox dad ah madaafiic culus Maraakiibta (dagaalka) ka dhanka ah 4 Japanese,
• 3 Guard Coast markab dagaal ka dhan ah 6 maraakiibta cadowga;
• 1 ilaa 8, unugyada Armadillo kreyserny raxan Japanese Imperial;
• 8 ilaa 16, Cruiser Cruiser Japanese,
• 5 ilaa 24 hoosaad ee maxkamadaha ciidanku Japan ee;
• 9 Ruush soo horjeeda 63 Japanese ku dumiyey.

Faa'iidada cad ee dagaal Japan Admiral Togo Heyhatiro iska hadlaayo. waayo-aragnimo ee dagaalka raxan Japanese dhaafay Russia dhammaan dhinacyada, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in taariikhda dagaallada ciidamada badda ee Russia ahayd badan doonee. fallaadho legdinta Japanese farsamo baasana farshaxanka adkaaday cadowga at kala duwan oo muddo dheer, iyada oo mid ka mid diirada doonniyo dhowr. waayo-aragnimo Tani ma aha markii raxan Ruush. shaqo ugu weyn ee muddada ahaayeen maraan Imperial (maraan), qalabka ciidanka badda, oo la qabto sannad walba on amarka Emperor Nicholas II.

Khaladaadka iyo Taangiyo iyo Admiral Ruush

Ujeedada istiraatiijiga ah ee dhoofku ee Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo ahaa qabashada Badda ee Japan. xaaladda noocan oo kale ah loo dhiibay by Emperor Nicholas II. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ZP Rozhdestvensky arkay ulajeedada hawl ah kuwan soo socda: Ciidamada kasta, iyadoo aan loo eegin khasaaraha ka iman kara ay raxan, in ay jebiyaan oo ay u Vladivostok. Waxaa suurto gal ah in ay u horjoogsadaan jasiiradaha Japan bari, waxa uu noqon lahaa go'aanka istaraatiiji ah oo sax ah, oo waxay dagaal Tsushima ee badda Ma dhici doono.

Laakiin Admiral ka doortay oo kala duwan, Jidka gaaban. Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay tagaan iyadoo cidhiidhi ku dhex. Korea Strait xira Shiinaha Bariga iyo Badda ee Japan, tagaa agagaarka jasiiradda of Tsushima, taas oo, ka bacdi, waxay leedahay laba Wadiiqaha oo galbeed iyo marinka bari (Tsushima Strait). Waxay ahayd halkaas in ay badmaax Ruush iyo sugayay Heytatiro Japanese Admiral Togo.

All marinnada ayaa xiran

Taliyaha raxan Japan ayaa doortay qorshe sax ah oo istiraatiiji u ah ee colaadaha ay suurtagal tahay. Maraakiibta Ilaalada silsilad abaabulay dhexeeya jasiiradaha, kuwaas oo ku wargeliyaan yaabaa taliyaha oo ku saabsan waddo waa suurto gal ah iyo hab maraakiibta Ruush. Oo ku taal duleedka Vladivostok Japanese caqli saaray keeye. Wax walba waa diyaar u ah dagaalka. Maraakiibta Japan Battle of Tsushima filayaa hab ka mid ah maraakiibta Ruush. Taliyaha Fleet Pacific diiday in ay ilaalo badda, ka cabsada daahfurka uu koox dad ah Cruiser sirdoonka cadowga.

Salaaddii hore ee subaxnimadii dagaalka Tsushima, taariikhda May 14, 1905, waxay bilaabeen.

Natiijada cad dagaalka ugu weyn ka mid ah War Ruush-Japanese

U dir sida Armada midabyo saddex Badda badan u muuqatay waalli. In xilli Dhibka veterans diray habab madhay, kor ayaa ku orday boqolaal kun oo mayl-badeed, iyo ugu dambayn, oo dhamaystiran uma eryin, ma mari weelashii imtixaanka. Badmaax oo had iyo jeer tixraac maraakiibta ay sida dadkuba guudo walax. Armadillos ay magacyadii reer binu Guud caan ah sida gaar ah ma doonayaan in la dilaa qaarkood tagaan.

Waxay ku xayiran yihiin ay jidka ku hoos at warqada, degaan ka derbiyada warshad ay marti u dayactir, fadhiistay bangi, waxay u adeegeen calaamadaha digniinta sida cad ee shaqaalaha ay.

Waxa aan rumeynin, Baaskoodu wuxu?

Bilowga ee 1900 ee studio gubay model shirka ee markab dagaal ah "Emperor Alexander III». furitanka ee markabka this waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by dayrta ee taallada calamada ee heerka Imperial oo ku weheliyay dhibanayaasha aadanaha.

Markab dagaal "Eagle" oo jooga dekedda sokeeye degtay, iyo ka dib dhawr jeer fadhiistay xayiran, kor u qaadaan iyadoo koox dad ah ee Khaliijka. Markab dagaal "ka nasahan" guud ahaan ma aysan si ay u tagaan socodka awoodaan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, amarka ugu sarreeya garwadeenka kasta oo ay ahaayeen kuwo aan la garanaynin. September 26, 1904 in dheregno (oo horay u dhiman) qabtay parade ugu sareeya ee Imperial. Nicholas II tegey ku wareegsanaa oo dhan ah Maraakiibta iyo ragga baxriyiinta ah doonayay in ay gaaraan Port Arthur iyo xirmaan koox dad ah ugu horraysay ee Fleet Pacific in ay si wadajir ah u yaqaaniin Badda ee Japan. Toddobaad ka dib, toddoba dagaalka, markab, kuwa ku baabbi'inaya abid ka tagay xeebaha ay hooyo. Ololaha 220-maalin xeebaha dhererka Japanese ah 18 kun oo mayl-badeed ayaa bilaabay.

jirin xaaladaha

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee soo food saaray amarka koox dad ah ka, - waa dhibaato la xiriirta shidaalka. Sida waafaqsan sharciga badaha caalamiga ah ee waqtiga ee maraakiibta dagaalka ee dagaal raba a laga yaabo inay dekedaha ee xisbiga dhexdhexaad ah u tagaan oo keliya maalin. England, kaasoo ay gacanta ku hayso inta badan saldhigyada loading on wadada of koox dad ah ay ku, la xiray dekedaha ay maraakiibta dagaalka Ruush.

Supply Qiimeynta dhuxusha, raashin iyo biyo nadiif ah, lahaa in ay si toos ah u qabanqaabiyaan badda ku tuuraya. Wixii dayactir waxaa lagu qalabaysan workshop gaar ah "Kamchatka", complete leh mutadawiciin saanacyadii. Waana mid ka, waxay sidoo kale la wadaago qaddar ee baxriyiintii. Guud ahaan, hirgelinta hawlgal istiraatiijiga ah ee mudnaanta qiyaasta sida dhibcaha ugu sareeya.

The loading dhuxusha adkaa ee ay ka geysanayaan badweynta, kulaylka loo dulqaadan karin kulaylaha, marka heerkulka qolka kuleyliyaha gaadhay 70º Celsius, duufaan daran off ee Cape of Good Hope - waxan oo dhan ma aysan joogsan dhaqdhaqaaqa koox dad ah ay. None oo doonniyihiina ma ay dib u noqdaan.

Dilal kala Circumnavigation marayo saddex badaha

koox dad ah Ruush, sida muuqasho on jid toosan, dhif u dhowaanin dekedaha iyo marsooyinka. Dunida oo dhan waxaa daawaday dhaqaaqin. Khadadka telegaraafka iyo telefoonka International ayaa buux dhaafiyey. Wariyaha iyo suxufiyiinta ayaa waardiyayaashii koox dad ah jidka oo dhan:

• Port Said (Masar);
• Jabuuti (East Africa);
• Aden (Yemen);
• Dakar (Senegal);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Cape Town (South Africa).

Laakiin oo dhan isku day lagu guuleeysan. The la dhigto muddo dheer kowaad wuxuu ahaa in Masiba Baay (Madagascar). Waxaa sidoo kale ku biiray kooxda ka saaciday inay soo jeeda Rear Admiral Wasarada Felkerzama, cut la soo dhaafay gaaban iyada oo Suez Canal. Inta lagu guda jiro jimicsi ee Madagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky uu ka dhaadhiciyay ee awood la'aanta ee ay ku keceen kuwa si sax ah ugu ganaan iyo si sax ah ku dhaqaaqaan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha la yaab leh. Shaqaalaha la sameeyey inta badan dadka ciidamada loo qoro iyo sanduuqa rigoorada. Laba bilood ka dib - boodo Badweynta Hindiya. Rowan koox dad ah daal la kulmay kalluumaysatada Shiinaha ee Straits ee Singapore, Vietnamese ee Cam Ranh. halichondriidae Latest arki karin jasiiradda of kala duwan oo ganac Jeju Korean. Aad dhawaan bilaabi Battle of Tsushima, taariikhda dhimashada ee koox dad ah ku soo dhawaaday.

Salvo The ugu horeysay ee cadowga

In 13 saacadood 40 daqiiqo markab dagaal flagship "Prince Suvorov" hogaaminayo darajo Captain 1aad V. V. Ignatsiusa saaraan koorso waqooyi-bari 23. Sagaal daqiiqo ka dib, qoryaha uu dab on raxan Japan furay, oo xataa way bexeen jawaab ka dillaacay laba daqiiqo volleys. Tsushima dagaalka badda bilaabay. Inta badan natiijada markabka uu ahaa cad oo xataa Petersburg.

Laga soo bilaabo warqad u Taliyaha markabka ka mid ah ilaalada markab dagaal ah "Emperor Alexander III» Kabtan darajo 3aad nm Buhvustova: "Waxaad doonayaan inaan guuldareysano. Baahnayn in la sheego, aynu u rabto. Laakiin guusha ma aha. Isla mar ahaantaana, oo waxaan balan qaadayaa in aan dhammu way wada dhiman doonaan, laakiinse innaba ma ay quusan. " Taliyaha dhawray eraygiisa iyo la dilay ay la socdaan Halabuurka buuxda ee markab dagaal ah.

Battle of Tsushima, si kooban oo ku saabsan weyn ee

In 14 saacadood iyo 15 daqiiqo, si sax ah shan iyo soddon daqiiqo ka dib bilowgii dagaalka, markab dagaal ah "Oslabya" madax Captain darajo 1aad V. I. Berom, iyadoo xoog Vasitis sanka iyo dab weyn ku Rostra hoos giringiriyey oo dhinaca bidix ka dhacay . Toban daqiiqo ka dib, uu la waayay biyo hoostiisa, oo kaliya jajabkii qoryo iyo baadinimadooda biyo aadanuhu dushiisa.

A dhowr daqiiqo dhimashada "Oslabya" mid ka mid ah ka dib markii kale ee ka mid ah maraakiibta si deijiyey by badmaax Japanese ka dib.

By 16 saacadood ka mid ah si ay markab dagaal "Prince Suvorov", kaas oo uu si xun u qarribay by qolofka Japan. Wuxuuna xusayaa jasiiradda ololaya, waa shan saacadood ah si ay u muujiyaan weerarrada cadowga. In daqiiqo ee la soo dhaafay, ayaa baxriyiintii Ruush noqdeen dab kaliya badbaaday trohdyuymovki iyo qoryaha. Markab dagaal helay toddoba hits toorbiidyo iyo biyaha hoos tegey.

Wax yar ka hore ayaan u suurtagashay in ay soo saarto Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo shaqaalaha on baabbi'iyuhu "Wild One". Wadar ah 23 qof ayaa lagu daad gureeyay. Ninna kara inuu wax badbaadiyo dheeraad ah. Oo wuxuu ku amray markab dagaal oo ay isaga dhintay kabtanka darajo 1st, rinjiile badda tayo Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

Guud ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro dagaalka Ruush-Japanese dhintay laba fanaan cajiib ah, iyadoo labada Qalinjabiyeyaasha of Corps Marine ah, oo ay ku soo beegay qalaad samigiisa buuxa. Farshaxankii labaad - waa Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, maanshaynay oo ay la socdaan markab dagaal ah "Petropavlovsk" xeebaha Port Arthur. Iyada oo waqti isku mid ah isaga oo leh lagu dilay iyo Admiral S. O. Makarov, kuwaas oo ku guuleystay dagaalo badan oo badda ee Russia oo ahaa ammaanta iyo kibirka oo raxan Ruushka. Ka dib markii flagship ah "Knyaz Suvorov" Ruush Imperial Fleet laga badiyay:

• "Sisoy Veliky" hoos amarka Captain darajo 1aad M. P. Ozerova;
• markab dagaal "Navarino", uu hogaaminayo Captain 1aad Rank, B. Baron A. Fitingofom;
• markab "Admiral Nakhimov" waa hoos timaada ka dib ah maxaabiis ahaan kabtanka darajo 1aad A. Rodionova;
• markab dagaal "Admiral Ushakov", kuwaas oo taliyaha ahaa Captain darajo 1aad V. N. Mikluhina (Markabka dilay ugu dambeeyey ee koox dad ah ee Ruush);
• "Admiral Senyavin" hogaaminayo darajo Captain 1aad S. I. Grigorevym, kuwaas oo lagu qabtay by Japanese ah.

Dhibaatada sii

Battle of Tsushima ee 1905 iyo aad u badan kaxaystay, ayaa baxriyiintii Ruush qoto dheer iyo maraakiibta ay. dhimashada markab dagaal kale oo curyaamiyey biyahay galeen gacmo oo dhan on board. Ilaa daqiiqada ugu danbeysa ee aadanuhu - ka sirkaalkii in stoker ah - tari rajada ah in waxa uu noqon doonaa suurto gal ah in ay ka gudbaan Battle laga cabsado ee Tsushima (1905) iyo xeebta Ruush on koorsada waqooyi-bari 23 muuqdaan. Waxa ugu weyn ee - si ay u noolaadaan. Dad badan ayaa ku dhintay la fikirka this. baxriyiintii Ruush on track ee markab dagaal socda weheliyay u arkaan meel dhimashada of saaxiibo ay. Faqaan madow bushimo gubanaya. "Ilaah naftooda nasan, Rabbiyow"

Way baabbe'een oo uu markabka oo dhan markab dagaal ah "Emperor Alexander III», iyo ka dib "Borodino". Mucjisooyin baxsaday mid ka mid ah bad-maax oo kaliya. Natiijada dagaalkan uu ahaa mid natiijadeeda la ah. Battle of Tsushima ee 1905 naga dhigay kuwa ka feker laga adkaan karin ee raxan Ruushka. Subixii xigay, ka dib markii badbaaday toorbiidyo habeenkii oo weerar ku haraadiga koox dad ah Ruushka ayaa isku dhiibay Japan Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. Later Admiral Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov lagu xukumay xabsi toban sano ee xukunka Maxkamadda Ciidamada Bada ee uu Imperial Weynaha.

Masiirka ah taliyaha

Taliyaha baabbi'iyuhu "Wild One", kaasoo badbaadiyey Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, wuxuu ahaa captain-darajo 2aad Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. Masiirka ee ninkanu waa nin aad u cajiib ah. Ilaa dagaalkii Ruush-Japanese, wuxuu ahaa hydrographer caan ah, socotada, cilmi-of Taimyr, taliyaha qalada bi'iyo ah "Ermak". Waxa uu ka qayb-galay duulaan Ruushka kala horjeeda ee Toll Baron Eduard. Ku soo noqoshada Russia ka dib markii Tsushima, halkaas oo uu isaga qudhiisu kala duwanaayeen sida mid ka mid ah Saraakiisha ugu sareysa Ciidanka Badda ee Ruushka, NN Kolomiitsev amray maraakiibta kala duwan. In Dagaalkii Adduunka noqotay-Admiral ku xigeenka. In 1918 wuxuu la xiray by Bolsheviks iyo xabsi ee Peter iyo Paul qalcadda. In badan oo ka mid ah publications qofeed xilligii Soviet of NN Kolomiytseva dhammaanaysaa erayadan: "dhinteen in Petrograd, ineey ee 1918." In 1972, oo magiciisa la siiyey markab cusub hydrographic. dhawaan waxaa la ogaadey in Nicholas Kolomiitsev ee 1918 u cararay Finland. Later diriray Badda Madow dhinaca Baron Wrangel. Markaas ayuu u dhaqaaqay France, oo ku dhintay dalka Mareykanka hoos giringirihii gaari ciidan dhamaadka 1944. Sayidka, markabka "Nikolai Kolomiitsev" ahaa qofka kaliya ee doonnida Soviet Navy la odhan jiray ka dib markii Admiral ee Guard White iyo Lidku ah.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Laga soo bilaabo liiska badda waqtiga labo markab oo ka qaybgale Battle of Tsushima ka badbaaday ilaa maalmaha. Waxa si fiican loo yaqaan markab ah "Aurora" iyo markab dagaal Japan "Mikasa", flagship ee Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" at Tsushima sii daayay in cadowgu ku saabsan laba kun iyo qolofka, isagoo, markeeda, kow iyo labaatan hit. markab uu lahaa dhaawac halis ah, iyo toban xubnood oo uu markabka, oo ay ku jiraan taliyaha, Captain darajo 1aad E. R. Egorev, ayaa ku dhintay, ku dhaawacmeen 83 qof oo dheeraad ah. Ma aha in ay hore u socdaan awoodaan, "Aurora" la markab "Oleg" iyo "Pearl" hubka ee Manila (Filibiin). Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah khubarada ciidamada, ka qayb Battle of Tsushima, siinaysaa markab sabab more "Aurora" si ay ugu adeegaan sida xusuus badan shot caanka bannaan ee October 1917.

In magaalada Yokosuka in kharashka markab dagaal "Mikasa" sida doonniyaha museum. waxaa On muddo aad u dheer in guuradii Tsushima kulamo of veterans, ka qaybgalayaasha dagaalka Ruush-Japanese. Japan ayaa tixraac this taallo taariikhiga innagoo aad u weyn.

Xasuusta oo ka mid ah bad-maax oo dhintay at Tsushima

Oo ka mid ah 36 qaybood ee koox dad ah Ruushka in Vladivostok yimid saddex. Curdan tahay kuwa ku baabbi'inaya "Almaza" "Xun" iyo "geesi ah." Inta badan oo ka mid ah Maraakiibta iyo 5000 baxriyiintii ayaa helay nasasho weligeed hoose ee Strait Korea iyo gasiiradaha Tsushima Dazhelet. Qabuurihii badmaax Ruush kuwaas oo u dhintay dhaawacyo uu haystaa maxaabiis, weli si taxadar leh dhawray by Japan ee Nagasaki. In 1910, ee St. Petersburg on lacag dadka iyo carmallada darsaday macbudka baraf-cad oo ah Badbaadiyeheenna on Waters la dhisay, ka go'an in ay dhibbanayaasha Tsushima. Macbadka si kooban u istaagay, ilaa 30-bartamihii. Ruush-Japanese War, Battle of Tsushima - Labada sii joogi doonaa weligaaba xasuusta weligeed ah oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush.