Waa maxay HOL? Sharax fudud oo la awoodi karo

Waa maxay HOL, waa maxay taariikhda ay asal ahaan? Waa maxay sababta uu sidaa u waxa loo yaqaan, halkaasoo loo adeegsaday? Isku day inaad si ay u fahmaan.

History of helitaanka HOL

Waxaa soo baxday in xaarkooda iyadu si toos ah xiriir. In 1773, farmashiyaha Faransiis Hilaire Ruel Maren ay doorasho ka kaadida aadanaha. Later, ee 1828, farmashiyaha Jarmal iyo dhakhtar Fridrih Voler by uumi of cyanate ammonium kala diri (NH ₄ CNO) ka helay walax imanba ah organic xarunta, by sifooyinka ay HOL sida. Waa la dhacdadan bilaabaa taariikhda chemistry organic, iyo sidoo kale xarunta ugu horeysay organic waa la helay synthetically. Ma aha wax soo saarka kasta oo cilmi ku faani kartaa in ay furitaanka waa saynis cusub.

Waa maxay HOL iyo meeshay ka timaado

Weli, HOL - waa maxay? xarunta kiimikada Tani taas oo uu leeyahay aad mooddo dhismo iyo bandhigaysaa jejebinta a of dhagaxyada ah crystalline ur caddaan ama imaanshada iyo midab. Formula HOL - NH2CONH2. Its magac kale - HOL. maalkiisu waa diyaar L. biyo. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay xeryahooda HOL la acids macdanta, hawl kiimikada sare waa cusbo.
On su'aasha ah ee waa wixii HOL, ka barta of view of jirka ah ee jirka, waxa lagaga jawaabi karaa, waa wax soo saarka dhamaadka of dheefshiidka protein in nuujiya iyo kalluunka. The lagmamaarmaanna u Halabuurka dhiigga waxaa looga baahan yahay in ay ka kooban HOL. Ugu badnaan HOL caadi carruurta dhiigga ilaa 14 sano - 6.4 mmol / l, da'da, content ee HOL in dhiigga u korodho si ay 7.5 mmol / l.

Diyaarinta HOL u dhacdaa hab warshadeed la carbon dioxide iyo ammonia reaction Avv Bazarova. Taas darteed, wax soo saarka ee HOL lagu daro wax soo saarka ee alaabooyinka kale ee ku salaysan ammonia.

maxaad HOL

Waa maxay HOL ah in industry ee? Waayo, waa maxay ujeedooyinka ay ku dhexsameeysmo jirka? In wax soo saarka warshadaha ee Beeyada, adhesives loo isticmaalo soo saaridda oo looxyada ku fiber iyo warshadaha alaabta, iyadoo la isticmaalayo calaamadaha HOL A. HOL brand isla waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry petroleum ee ay ka saareen walxaha ka saliidaha paraffinic iyo shidaalka. Wuxu la shito jilicsan, loo baahan yahay in wax soo saarka ee hab protein-vitamin, acids dufanka leh iyo alcohols, saabuunta dharka kala duwan.

Dhinac kale oo codsiga of HOL - saarista oxides of nitrogen ka soo baxay qiiq ah ka Quwadda kaamerada waayo, warshadaynta qashinka, kuleeliyaha iyo wixii la mid ah.

Waa maxay HOL in industry ee caafimaad?

HOL la xidhiidha diuretics osmotic leh saamayn slabodeystvuyuschim. Waa wax a ceeriin for soo saaridda ee diyaarinta biyo ka jidhka bini'aadamka (products dehydration) outputting. Daawooyinkan waxaa loo baahan yahay ee daaweynta ee yiraahdo hydrocephalus, barar cerebral ee etiologies kala duwan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, HOL loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee hypnotics.

Ha ka maqnaan fursad inaad ka qayb qaadato iyo HOL in warshadaha cuntada. E927b daro cuntada - waa wax kale HOL ah. Waxa uu ka xumbaynaya guryaha, u dhaqmo sida kordhiyo oo ah cuntooyinka iidaan leedahay beduliyum. Loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee xanjada, si loo hagaajiyo tayada bur iyo xasho products. Marka daray in ay HOL cajiinka khamiirka u dhaqmo sida dhexdhexaadka ah nafaqo iyo alaab-nitrogen in ay dhaqamada khamiirka.

Laakiin qaybtii ugu weyn ee HOL ee dalka (-soo-saarka sanadle ah oo 4 million tons sannadkii) aado beeraha. ka bacrimin HOL fasalka B-qeybiyaha nitrogen HOL macmalay waa qiimo, tan iyo markii ay u - in ka badan 46%. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in HOL yahay L. biyo, biyaha iyada qudheedana nuuga aad ka meermeerayo. sifo this wanaagsan waa mid aad u qiimo badan oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad u yeelo oo bacrimin ah ee u tiro badan, oo aan wax cabsi ah in kaydka slezhatsya iyo leexdo xagga dhagax kaydinta. HOL ayaa falcelin sare oo aad u diyaar u nuugo by dhirta. Guud ahaan, HOL waxaa loo isticmaalaa in weji daaweynta preplant, set oo ah mass cagaaran ee dhirta.