Baydka Russia: Dharka. Dharka ee Russia: dumarka, ragga, carruurta

Taariikhyahanadu aan isku raacay oo ku saabsan sida si loo eego dharka Zaman Ruush Slavonic, sidii markii in qabiilooyinka inta badan ka dariiqyada ganacsi iska noolaa, inta badan in dhul kaynta iyo go'doon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira talooyin in dharka wakhtigaas way fudud yihiin iyo halkii ay ka sugeysayna. Arintaan waxaa keena xaqiiqada ah in dhar warshadaha aqalada ahayd waqti in waqti lumis ilaa xad, iyadoo ay jirto gebi ahaanba ma aha ee farsamada ee soo saaridda ee alaabta dharka dhawri jiray.

About dharka qadiimiga hadhay macluumaad yar

Waxbarashada Dadweynaha Baydka rus dharka dadka oo noqonayaa mid sii kala duwan sida hadda sida taabashada dadka kale, ay bilaabeen in ay qaab qaado ee AD qarnigii sagaalaad. Ka hor inta aan muddada this, xogta ku saabsan muuqaalka kore ee Slavs ka yar sida alaabta dharka dhawri jiray waqtiga loo sameeyey qalabka dabiiciga ah, ku harta organic oo aan ku kaydsan yihiin muddo dheer. Sidoo kale, maanka ku hayo in AD 6-9 qarnigii at Slav ah caadadii jidhka gubi ka hor aaska, si qabuuraha inta badan waa haraadiga sharraxdid biraha dhalaalay ama shay oo dharka ahaa. Archaeology jeer nasiib yar oo keliya marka ay, tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro excavations ee Old Ladoga ka heleen hadhaagii maqaarka in soo celin doonaa muuqaal u eg ka gacmo gashi iyo kabo sida, sharabaadada, gashado by awowayaashayo.

dagaal ka surwaal isla

In ilo ku qoran shisheeye ilaa AD qarnigii 10aad, ma jiraan wax ku sheegi maayo sida loo eegi Slavic iyo dharka Ruush. Tan waxaa lagu soo qoray uma aan midna qorayaasha Byzantine, mana ilaha Carabta. Kaliya P. Kesarsky xusay in qarnigii lixaad in Slavs ah (Bakistaanta) tag dagaal ee surwaal style la mid ah soo gaabiyey, oo aan soo huwaday ama top qaawanaanta. Later, marka Slavs ka heleen kala duwanaansho cusub qoran ee luqada, saynisyahano ah oo ku saleysan ilo ku qoran fursad u leeyihiin inay go'aan ka sida ugu wanaagsan ee ay eegaan in dadka muddo, ugu yaraan ugu Madaxdii Gaalowday oo iyaga ka mid ah.

Kings soo xirtay maaliyada a

Maxay ahaayeen kuwa ka yar, kuwaas oo ay gacanta ku waa rus qadiimiga? Dharka Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych muujiyay in image ee Izbornik 1073, ayaa cut fudud. Waa muddo dheer ah, hoos ku jilibka ah, shaar, taas oo ku gadaaman ka badan jubbadda top la jiinyeer a on garbaha. On madaxa hat amiirka, ineey la dhogorta u jar on lugaha kabaha fiiqan. Xubno ka mid ah qoyskiisa, oo taagan meel u dhow by, xiran maaliyada xidhan suunka. maaliyada xaaskiisa Svyatoslav dhow dhulka, iyada safaleeti madaxa. dharka carruurta ee ku saabsan ilmahaaga yar waa nuqul Ghadafi ee dadka waaweyn. Wiilashii Yaroslav ayaa soo xirtay jubbado la mid ah la Katiinado iyo, u badan tahay, waxay ahaayeen kuwa lagu magacaabo "dekedaha" - halkii ay surwaal cidhiidhi la xadhig on miskaha ah. alaabta dharka dhawri jiray in image waxaa lagu rinjiyeeyay midab guduudan oo brown ah.

Dharka la sameeyay gooynayaa a

Khubarada ayaa soo jeedinaya in dhar fudud Kiev rus in ay mass wuxuu u caddaa, tan iyo wakhtiyadii innoo alaabta dharka dhawri Slavic ka linen iyo hemp macdantaa oo siiyey cad (grayish ama marka bleaching ku filnayn) soo saaray. Horeba ee 6-9 qarniyo qabiilooyinka reer Northern Russia ogaado waxa gooynayaa nooca toosan, oo ku yaalla koonfurta laga helay waxyaabaha ay iska leeyihiin da'doodu 9-10, markay marag furtay oo ku saabsan fursad ay ku shaqeeyaan gooynayaa siman.

Waxa intaa dheer in dhar linen iyo hemp, Slavs si firfircoon loo isticmaalo, iyo suufkayga, hadhaagii oo laga helay tuulo aaska of East ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay sabab u tahay sifooyinka cimilada ee caan weyn ku riyaaqay dharka dhogorta. Dhar tolida waqtiga uu leeyahay awood u leh inay wada dhejiya hargahood oo badan, waayo, waxyaalaha waaweyn. Si aad u "jubbadda" hargahoodii in Yeeyi Cunto ahaayeen inta badan, orso, oo ido ah, iyo dhameystir (dahaarka) waxaa loo sameeyey ee Sable, otter, oorso yar oo xeeb ku nool, Dabagaale, waana fadhanfadhka, marten. Dabcan, in maabalka qaali ah ku socday oo kaliya xubno ka mid ah dadkii ku abtirsan ah. In Russia, ay awoodaan in ay la tacaalaan xoolaha kala duwan oo maqaarka (cunsur warshad warshadaynta hargaha, iwm ..) ahaayeen, Sidaas daraaddeed raggii ee dharka ee Russia ka mid dhabta suumanka, gacmo gashi iyo kabaha maqaarka, (waayo, qaar ka mid ah dadka). Slavs inta badan soo xirtay maqaar ka yeelay harkaha lo'da ama riyaha ka badan ka faras qariyaa.

Xataa in cimilada qabow badan tahay inay xirtaan kabo

Waxa lagu kabo Baydka rus? Dharka qalabka dabiiciga ah sameeyey, inta badan dadka halkan xilli qabow ... kaabaya kabaha bast iyo windings on lugaha, kuwaas oo ah nooca ugu da'da weyn ee kabaha (xagaaga u badan tahay inuu caga tago waa). oo qabsatooyinkooduna Gaarka ah ee texeen qadiimiga ah bast heli site kale Neolithic, si ay u badan tahay, lagu daydo kuwanu waxay ahaayeen Slavs iyo Slavs qadiimiga. Lapti abuurtay sida la filayo ka jilif oo ah geedo kala duwan oo ay aad u neiznosostoykimi. At muddo ka dib, waxaa la ogaaday in ninka xirto kabo qaboobaha toban maalmood, iyo inta lagu guda jiro xilli goosashada xagaaga - ka yar hal toddobaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kabaha sida socotay xitaa Army Cas ee 30meeyada ee qarnigii 20-aad, iyo workpiece ee bast ujeedooyinka militeri qabta guddi gaar ah - "Chekvolap".

In macbudka - oo kaliya in dhar Slavic!

Slavs, kaas oo la degganaa by qadiimiga Russia (dharka iyo kabaha aan ku kala duwan yihiin duwan oo weyn), weli ixtiraam leh oo ay labis fudud. Tusaale ahaan, in "Danily Ereyga Zatochnika" ayaa sheegay in "waxaa u roon in aannu aragnay cagtiisana lychenitse (bast) ee gurigaaga ka badan in a kabaha guduud mugdi on Boyarsky Dvor". Oo amiirka reer Czech Slavs laftiisa xaqiiqda og yahay in ma ha in ay soo dhaweynta ka dib markii King Jarmal ah Dagobert, ilaa uu ugu beddeleen dhar Slavic. Masiirka isku dhacay wakiilka hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu ee, Jarmal Gerimanna in ka hor si ay u booqdaan macbudka magaalada Triglav burush, ayaa beddeleen dharkiisa Slavic iyo hat (1124 BC. E.).

Haweenka ayaa had iyo jeer jecel yahay dahabka

About u ekaa dharka haweenka ee Russia bilowga ah ee dhalashada qarannimada Ruush, qadiimiga ah ayay ku adag tahay in la yidhaahdo. Waxaa la filayay in ay style a ma aha mid aad uga duwan maaliyada ee ragga, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in ka badan si deeqsinimo ah daabac oo dheer. On madaxa haweenka ahaayeen prototypes of corbel, siddo temporal on qoorta - inta badan kuul buluug ama cagaar galaas. In ka yar caadiga ah waa dugaagado, iyo. Xilliga jiilaalka, Xaakimkii xirtay jubbado dhogorta iyo shaadirrada la xadhig leh, sida macawiso - "ponyavy" in la ilaaliyo jidhka dhabarka hoose iyo dhinac. Joogitaankooda waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyaa ee AD qarnigii 11aad.

Saamaynta ay ku waddamada kale

Sida xiriirada soo koraya oo u dhexeeya dalalka iyo gobolada kale ee rus Baydka, dharka Slavs noqday more kala duwan la dhar cusub, hababka of sawir oo kala qeybinta bulshada gelin layers kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, in pre-Mongoliyaan Russia (da'da 10-13) Imaansho ogaada Ruush more Byzantine Dirk la dhaqankooda dheer dal shirts, jubbado qabsatooyinka kula xidhaa. Oo dadka caadiga ah, in dumarka gaar ah, waji iftiimiyay "fakaday" - gabal fudud maro, duubnaadaan qeybtii, iyadoo meel daloosha oo madaxu ku, oo uu gashaday maaliyada aasaasiga ah iyo ugu xidhay (dun ka dhisan ee dufan ma ahaa). On fasaxa Xaakimkii ahaayeen "navershniki" dhar daabac leh, taas oo dufan waxaa gashado maaliyada ama khamiis iyo wakiil oo aan suunka leh gacmo ballaaran. Ku dhowaad dhammaan dharka rus Kievan la gashado madaxa iyo wuxuu lahaa oo uu qoorta u gaar ah (beeniyey).

dagaalyahan Dharka Mongol

Tatar-Mongol duulaankii tagay amaahda ah oo duurka ku ah dhaqanka wax, taas oo saamayn jidka waxa ahayd dharka ee Russia qarnigii soo socda. Waxyaabo badan dharka dhawri jiray askari Mongoliyaan ahaayeen ka dibna nin Ruush, oo ay ku jiraan kabo la dareemay sharabaadada la earflaps hat, jaakad of labo lakab oo dhogorta (dibadda iyo gudaha), jaakad bloomers ee, skullcap (tafi), lagu xidho, suumanka iyo kuwa kale.

The dhar kala duwan oo ka soo dharka Moscow rus Kievan rus?

Dharka qarnigii 15aad markii harqood Tatar-Mongol lagu afgembiyey, iyo Russia noqday madax Moscow ka, waxa uu isku badalay waafaqsan da'da, laakiin inta badan ee boyars, kuwii gobta ahaa iyo dayidiisii. In muddo this, joog xajisto ka muuqaalada aasaasiga ah ee isku joog Kievan rus - maaliyada iyo dekedaha ee ragga neotreznoy gooyaa waxyaabaha dharka dhawri jiray, oo dhererkiisu badan, laakiin waxaa jira calaamado fashion cusub. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan, loo saarin karaa in joogitaanka cloakrooms bedbeddelaan dharka. In haweenka, waxaa unzips si hoose ee ragga - ka dhexda ilaa iyo waxaa loogu daray waqti xajinta "baadkiisa" ugu horeysay oo macneheedu yahay musmaarradii faseexad ah. Later uu sameeyay xaq hab dabaqa ugu sareeya xagga bidixda, aaneynayo sahlaansashada qaybood ah sida loogu talagalay dagaalo nin Saber.

gacmo Fake iyo daabac dahabka

Qiyaastii muddo this, waxaa jira xubno ka non-functional in dharka abtirsan. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid Katiinado multi-jir-laabanto iyo gacmo, taas oo, tusaale ahaan on ohabne, xidhxidhnaa xagga dambe, isagoo adkaynaya xaqiiqda ah in milkiilaha dharka aan ku hawlan shaqada culus. dadka Rich xiran karaan dhowr lakab oo dhar ah, oo xataa xilli kulul. At waxyaabaha labis isku mid ah ayaa inta badan si buuxda u xidheen xiritaanka. Arintaan keentay in xaqiiqda ah in dharka ahaayeen badan oo waxyaabaha kale oo heerka dahabka, oo ay ku jiraan decoration ee luul, iyo dhagaxyo qaali ah, iyo daabac dahab iyo lacag ah silig, badhamada ah dahab, iyo lacag, iyo dhagaxyo qaali ah dhaldhalaalka sameeyey.

Waxa uu ahaa kii dharka dhawri Ruush oo ka mid ah wakhtiga iyo waxyaabaha laga yaabo in ay xoogga saaraan qaar ka mid ah ama guryaha kale ee qaabka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid kiishad boorsada dhexda ( "dalkaasi"), taas oo askartii ahaayeen dhexda la tiradaasi ah caato ah iyo boyars - on miskaha ah la xirmi weyn oo dhar ah, sababtoo ah tirada buuxda oo deegaanka this qiimeeyo mid aad u heer sare ah oo calaamad u ah nolosha buuxda.

Ekaa muddo Duugga carruurta, Russia Moscow - waa aan la aqoon. Inta badan, mar kale waxay ahayd nuqul fududeeyey ee lagu daydo dadka waaweyn. Laakiin fashion amiiradaha 'ee shaybaarka markii ugu waxyoonay fanaaniin badan si ay u abuuraan masterpieces qurux badan (Korovin, Repin, Surikov). Xudunta dharka dhawri jiray oo dhan mar kale jiifay shaati, kordhin hoos sabab u cufayo ah (width gaadhi karo hooseysa ilaa 6 mitir!). Waxaa la sameeyey suuf ama xariir dhar (dadka caadiga ah - ayaa mar kale ka waxayga linenka ah) oo laga soo ururiyey by qoorta.

suud moodada ... miisaankeedu yahay in at 15 kiilo

In ka badan maaliyada la xirto sundress Brightcloth daabac dhar la karbaash toosan dhexe, taas oo loo qabtay cidhiidhi ah inta badan ku xidhan la garbihiisa iyo hoos naaska. dharka dumarka Top ee qarnigii 16aad, Russia waxaa matalayey "dushegreya" oo dhar midabo in ay sidoo kale qaban on garbaha xarkaha. Oo wakhtigii amiiradaha Moscow Russia sii waday in ay xirtaan xubno dhar duug ah -. Daraftiisa, dufan, dufan, iwm Wakiilada oo ka mid ah qoysaska hodanka ah soo xirtay "Letnik", inta badan la silsilad qoorta oorso yar oo xeeb ku nool a, dhogorta telogreyu. Laga soo bilaabo koofiyadaha caan ku riyaaqay "laad" - daboolay duubo maro iyo kokoshnik, ee xilliga qaboobaha - cap la goo. dharka noblewoman ayaa had iyo jeer nepritalennymi tolaa ka difaan qaali ah la embroideries badan, iyo miisaanka ay gaari karaan ilaa 15 kiilo. In marwada Ugaadshiga this ahaa ma guurto ah, ilaa xad, tiradaasi qayb taariikhi, taas oo u dhiganta ee fashion iyo caadooyinka dhaqan ee waqtiga.

dharka qarnigii 17aad ee Russia ee guud wuxuu u ekaa dhar qarniyo hore, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah qaybaha cusub. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid gelaysa Parma gacmo ballaaran, oo jacdadsan at gacanta ku lebbisan haweenka, shushunov baahsan - sundresses, kaas oo gadaal ku tolaa been abuur ah laba gacmo dheer. Taariikhyahanadu ayaa xusay in tan iyo qarnigii 17aad yimid fashion ee sundress daraftiisa strip decoration oo ay ka lumay ka maro hore. fashion Dibadda rus muddadaas ka walaacsan caan yar riyaaqay kaliya dhar cusub iyo waxyaabaha shaqsiga, sida jubbadda Polish. Waa in la ogaadaa in bulshada Ruush si firfircoon horjeeda hordhaca ah ee Peter Great ee qarnigii hore 18-kii, "Jarmal" fashion, sida la soo jeediyay ka dhisan, timaha iyo hab nololeedka ma waafaqsan jidka qarniyo jir ah iyo isbeddellada dharka Ruush.