Bronshteyn David Ionovich: Grandmaster chess Soviet iyo qoraa

Bronshteyn David Ionovich - Soviet iyo Ruush Grandmaster chess, tartamaya horyaalka ah horyaalka adduunka ee 1951, kooxda heysata horyaalka labo jeer ee USSR. Bronstein waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu waaweyn caalamka tan iyo bartamihii 1940-ilaa bartamihii 1970 ee. Saaxiibada aqoonta u yeedhay hanad hal abuur iyo sayidkayga ah xeeladaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la yaqaan qoraa chess, buuggiisa "International Tournament Grandmasters" waxa uu noqday encyclopedia a dhabta ah ee bilowga ah iyo ciyaartoy khibrad dheeraad ah.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Bronshteyn David Ionovich dhashay February 19, 1924 ee White Church (Ukraine), gayiga Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, ayaa waxaa soo bixiyey in qoyska Yuhuudda saboolka ah. Aabbaha - Jonas B. - ahaa shaqaalaha fudud in warshad axdi qarameedka, oo hooyadiis - Maria Davydovna - mas'uul ka ah waaxda shaqada dumarka dhexdiisa (shaqaalaha iyo beeralay Division) ee guddiga degmada. In 1926 qoyska Bronstein u dhaqaaqay magaalada Berdyansk, in ku dhow xeebaha Azov ah, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan, muddo afar sano ah, u dhaqaaqay Kiev. Halkan Bronshteyn David Ionovich ugu horeysay tago dugsi. Wiil wuxuu ahaa mid fiican, laakiin jiidashada ugu weyn ee uu dareemay for qaybaha iyo wareegyada kala duwan - uu xiiseynayo in xisaabta, chess iyo aeromodelling.

Kiev Chess School

At da'da lix, oo uu awoowe u baray sida loo ciyaaro chess, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan kulanka uu noqdo ku dhawaad macnaha ugu muhiimsan ee nolosha isaga for. Man si joogto ah waqti ku qaatay yire, oo xataa wuu ciyaari karo isku. At da'da laba iyo toban, David guuleystay tartanka chess hore (tartan lagu qabtay dugsiga). guusha Tani waxa ay ahayd arrin ku dhiiri inuu ku biiro qaybta chess ah. Tababarihiisa ahayd sayidkayga chess caanka ah ee caalamiga ah Aleksandr Konstantinopolsky.

School Chess ayaa saamayn horumarinta xirfadaha ciyaaryahanka chess dhalinyaro ah, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan shan iyo toban David Bronstein qaybqaatay Kyiv Chess Championship, kaas oo kaalinta labaad. sanadka soo socda, David ayaa lix iyo toban guul horyaalka ee Master of Sports (1940), kaalinta labaad ee Chess Yukreeniyaan ee Championship.

jeer madow

In 1937 qoyska Bronstein waxay maraysaa musiibo weyn - aabbihiis ciqaabi doonaa sidii cadow oo kale dadka, oo waxay isagii u abaal gabagabeeyo xerada 7 sano. In mustaqbalka, xaqiiqda ku muuqata in qaddar ee David. Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga sare ee 1941, ciyaaryahanka chess dhallinyarada lahaa qorshe si ay u bartaan xisaabta ka dhiga jaamacadda Kiev, laakiin "ciidoobey" sumcadda qoyska hor istaagay wadada jaamacadda.

The War Patriotic Great: Nolosha chess

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic, ciyaaryahan chess dhalinyaro ah ayaa lagu qasbay in uu magaaladii Ordzhonikidze (hadda Vladikavkaz) tag, in Caucasus, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu soo diray in ay ka shaqeeyaan mid ka mid ah isbitaalada (sida ay xeerarka dagaalka). In ciidanka Soviet kaalinta ciyaaryahan chess dhallinyarada seegay, sababtoo ah aragtida dadka saboolka ah. Bronshteyn David Ionovich joogta ah ka codsaday in ay si iskood ah u tag hore, balse ma aysan qaadan. In 1943, markii dagaalka uu ahaa in ka badan at Stalingrad, Bronstein, wada jir ah ula damiska dhalinyarada waxaa loo dirayaa dib u dhiska magaalooyinka. Inta lagu guda jiro saacadaha shaqada, waxa uu ka shaqeeyay goobta dhismaha ah, iyo habeenkii uu bartay iyo in la hagaajiyo kala duwanaansho of furan chess, qoraalana isku on haraaga warqad.

Ka dib markii ciidamada Cas ee badiyeen Nazi Germany Bronstein dhallinyarada ayaa lagu casuumay in ay Moscow - in ay ka qayb saddex iyo tobnaad USSR Chess Championship, taas oo David natiijo halkii xun ku hadla, cadhoodeen isboortiga wuxuu kobciyaa chess in uu sii horumariyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1945, Bronshteyn David Ionovich galay Leningrad Polytechnic machadka, halkaas oo uu ka bartay muddo sannad ah.

Guulaha iyo koob

tayo dabiici ah cajiib Bronstein dheeraad ah u furay ka dib markii dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. In 1946, uu si kalsooni leh ku garaacday oo dhan soo horjeeda in tartanka horyaalka chess ah ee Moscow, iyo in 1948 iyo 1949. Waxa uu ku guuleystay Chess USSR ee Championship. The Liibaan caalamiga ugu weyn ahaa tartanka Bronstein ee Saltsjöbaden (Sweden) ee 1948, halkaas oo uu ku abaal horyaalka ee Grandmaster.

In 1950, Budapest marti tartanka musharaxiinta chess, taas oo Bronstein hubaal xitaa ciyaartoyda xoog sida Isaac Boleslavsky, Gidcoon Stahlberg iyo Paul Keres hesho. Sidaas darteed, Grandmaster ee Soviet noqday guusha Musharaxiinta tartanka ee 1950, oo hadda ku sugan jidkii Daa'uud ahaa oo kaliya horyaalka adduunka ah - Mikhail Botvinnik.

Ciyaarta ayaa horyaalka adduunka ka dhanka ah Botvinnik

In 1951 oo uu kula kulmay Mikhail Botvinnik (horyaalka adduunka ee hadda) iyo David Bronstein (ciyaaryahanka chess, kuwaas oo ku guuleystay Musharixiinta u Tournament) ee ciyaarta horyaalka ah horyaalka adduunka. dadweynaha chess World ma wadaagi aragtida ah in Bronstein noqon kartaa qaar ka mid ah fursadaha inuu ku guuleysto - oo dhan soo afjarno waayo Mikhail Botvinnik. Ciyaarta ayaa ahayd mid aad u adag labada ciyaaryahan ka dib markii wajigeeda toddobaad ee ciyaarta aheyd 4: 3 ay guushu ku kooxda difaacaneysa horyaalka. Halganka sii, ciyaartoyda kale u badisay mid kasta oo kale ama ku heshiiyaan in ay barbaro. dhallinyarada Bronstein ayaa waxaa si fiican u ciyaaro, waqtiyada u muuqatay in codsaduhu uu noqon doono kooxda heysata horyaalka. Oo wakhtigii this ahaa! Total score 22 daqiiqo xisbiga ka dib markii ahaa Bronstein - 11.5: 10.5. Waxaa jiray oo kaliya labada dhinac in ay "kooxda heysata horyaalka" horyaalka sharaf. David Ionovich sida ugu wanaagsan ee uu kari la diriray, laakiin ciyaarta ceshadka badiyay la bang ah, ciyaaro dhamaad ah su'aal. Cayaartii ugu dambeysay ee ku dhamaaday barbaro - score guud ahaa 12: 12. Mikhail Botvinnik neefta ee la soo dhaafay ayaa adkeeyey isagoo xaq u leeyahay inuu xirto taajka chess ah. Under xeerarka horyaalka chess dunida, barbaro - taasi waa caddayn in horyaalka difaacin difaacaneysa horyaalka.

Bronstein jawaabay arrin si deggan oo xataa kaftan, isagoo leh: ". Ha welwelin, waxaan ku guuleystay Botvinnik, lahaa inaad dhammaantiin i eegay at afkooda furan"