Budhiism ee Russia. dadka Russia, anfici Budhiism

meel Diinta ee Ruushka waa wax kala duwan. Degan meel aad u ballaaran iyo midaynta ay awood siyaasadeed quruumo badan iyo qowmiyadaha weyn, dalka waa meel ay jiraan dhaqanka iyo diimaha ee bari iyo galbeed, waqooyi iyo koonfur kala duwan. Masiixiga iyo islaamka - labada diimaha dunida, wax caadi ah in our state. Wada, iyo kii saddexaad la wakiil, kaas oo la qirashadeeda by dadyow badan oo Russia - Budhiism. About meesha ay diinta this waa ku baahday ee dalkeenna, oo waxaan sii hadli doonaa.

Budhiism ee Russia

Budhiism - diin u gaar ah, aan ka duwan wax kasta oo kale. Inside dugsiyada kala duwan ee Buddhist iyo hadda sidoo kale aad bay u kala duwan yihiin. Its asal ahaan waxaa waajib ku ah in hanad diinta of India, in uu u dhashay Budhiism badiyay miisaan. Maanta, dalalka dhaqanka anfici Budiiska, waa Korea, Japan, China, Nepal, iyo kuwo kale, ka mid ah taas oo u taagan soo baxay Tibet. Si aad u taariikhda, Budhiism ee Russia ka wakiil yahay in ku dhawaad oo dhan madaahibta waaweyn ee Buddhist. iyaga ka mid ah, waxaa jira dugsiyo kala duwan ee Mahayana, Vajrayana, Theravada, Zen, Chan oo urur badan oo kale oo dhaqanka iyo ma aad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan dadka barbarta Budhiism ee Russia, waa dhaggan dhaqanka diinta Tibetan.

Ethnography Ruush Buddhist

Waxaan bixinaa si ay uga jawaabaan su'aasha ah: waxa quruumaha Buddhist Ruush maanta?

Sababo la xiriira dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed iyo xiriirada dhaqamada, Budhiism ugu horeysay wuxuu yeeshay xididdo ka mid ah Kalmyks iyo Tuvan. Oo waxay noqotay in qarnigii XVI ka, marka dhulka ee Jamhuuriyadda kuwaas oo ay la socdaan dadyowga oo iyaga la deggan yahay waxay ahaayeen xubno ka tirsan gobolka Mongoliyaan Altan Khan. qarnigii A ka dib, Budhiism la soo bandhigay in Buryatia, halkaas oo uu si guul ah kula tartamayay diinta dhaqanka oo ka mid ah reer guuraa Siberian - shamanism, ama haddii kale tengrizmom.

Budhiism in Buryatia

Buryatia - Jamhuuriyadda of Russia, kuwaas oo xuduudaha laga bilaabo xeebaha bari ee Lake Baikal. In ku lifaaqan Empire Ruush ah, waxa uu ahaa mid u adkaysata Russification iyo Christianization fogaadaa. Dhinaca kale, xiriirka dhow dhaqanka, ganacsiga iyo siyaasadda la Mongolia, oo waxay ku dhex leh Tibet, ka dhigay mid ah wax baridda Buryat Buddhist caan ah. The datsans dhagax ugu horeysay halkan la dhisay qarnigii XVIII ka.

In kasta oo ka mid ah Buryats Buddhist dadyowga - dambaysta ah, kuwaas oo qaatay diinta, maanta waxay u taagan yihiin inta badan Buddhist iyo wakiil Budhiism ee Russia. Buryatia waa xarunta maamulka ee Ruush Budhiism - Buddhist dhaqanka Sangha of Russia, iyo sidoo kale geedihii Asheeraah ugu weyn iyo goobaha cibaadada. Horeyn ka mid ah waa macbudka Ivilginski - joogitaanka of Bandido Hambo Lama - Hogaamiyaha ruuxiga ah ee qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Ruush budista.

Oo ay la socdaan Budiiska, dhex Buryat ah si caddaalad ah wax caadi ah waa shamanism dhaqanka, ama wax-u Chernaya Vera.

Budhiism in Tuva

Tuva, jamhuuriyad, kaas oo la ansixiyay ee Ruush ah ee bilowgii qarnigii XX ah, kuwaas oo in 1911. Tuva maanta u qirayaa qaab la mid ah sida cilmiga in Buryats ah - dhaqan Mahayana ee Tibetan Budhiism. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha had iyo jeer ahaa, xarumaha ugu horeysay ee waxbaridda Buddhist, inta badan ee foomka of Hinayana, gayiga Tuva, u muuqday in qarnigii II BC ah, inta lagu guda jiro Khanate Turkic. qabiilooyinka Tuvan Later ahaayeen Uighurs gudbinta dalka dib of Tuva Turki. Uighurs qirashadeeda diinta Manichaean, si kastaba ha ahaatee, la kulmay saameynta ay Budhiism. Samee qoraal, culimada Uyghur waxay bilaabeen inay si firfircoon uga turjumo qoraalka Buddhist ka luqadaha Chinese iyo Sogdian. Waqti ka, turjumaano ah diiradda on the treatises Tibetan, kaas oo goostay Lagaga dheeraad ah ee dhaqan Tibetan. Isbeddelkani waxa uu ahaa xoojiyeen qarnigii XIII ah, saameynta ay macalimiintu Mongoliyaan kuwaas oo qaatay dhaqan Buddhist ah Tibetan lamas.

The Biyac ugu horeysay laga dhisay Tuva ee 1772 iyo 1773, siday u kala horreeyaan. Inkasta oo bulshada Buddhist ah Tuva inta dhaqmayso line ee Gelug ah, haddii loo maleeyo in ay sheekh monastic, dhaqanka maxaliga ah awood u Institute lamas guursatay, taas oo ay feature gaar ah. Sida Buryatia, Tuva sababo diimeed u qaybsan yihiin laba xero - shamanists iyo budista.

Budhiism in Kalmykia

Kalmykia waa gobolka kaliya ee Yurub la ku badan ah dadka Buddhist ah. In qabiil Mongoliyaan Kalmyk isirka Western dhaxlo dib ugu Oirats tagaa, si ay ugu biiraan waxa qarsoon ee diinta Buddhist ee XIII si entry galay mahad qarnigii boqortooyadiisa ka mid ah Genghis Khan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan, Budhiism ahaa diinta keliya oo ka mid ah aqoonyahanada dalka Oirats siyaasadeed. popularization ee cilmiga ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah dhacdaa kaliya in qarniyo XVI-XVII. Iyo, sida kiiska ee Buryatia iyo Tuva, Kalmyk Budhiism sidoo kale ka haya dhaqanka diinta Tibetan. Gaar ahaan xiriirka u dhexeeya Tibet iyo Kalmykia xoogaystay ka dib markii la aqoonsado in XVII qarnigii hore Oirat xumaanshaha wiil ee Dalai Lama Saddexaad ee.

faafidda Budhiism ka mid Oirats fududeeyey abuuritaanka ah qowmiyadaha Kalmyk oo kala duwan. Dhismaha ugu dambeeyey waxaa ka mid ah qabiilooyinka Oirat, isku duubay Budhiism iyo degeen galbeed gudahood gobolka Ruush. Isla mar ahaantaana, maado u ashtakooday Ruush, Kalmyks sameeyay ay maamulka u gaar ah - Kalmyk Khanate. Arintaan socday ilaa 1771, markii amarka Empress Catherine II, ayaa la baabbi'iyey. In mustaqbalka, Budhiism Kalmyk horumartay, heleen sifooyin qaranka iyo, sida Buryat iyo Tuva ku Sangha hoggaamiyay halgankii diimeed la shamanism.

Budhiism in USSR

Ka dib markii October Revolution ee Budhiism ee Russia ayaa ahaa ku xiran isbeddellada ruuxiga ah ka dibna-moodada - renovationism. Avv Dharma iyo Marxism waxaa loogu tala galay in ay abaabusho bulshada Buddhist. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dhaqdhaqaaqa this ee Moscow on 20-mada. Xitaa qabtay Council Buddhist All-Ruush ah. Laakiin markaas siyaasadda xisbiga ee is beddeleen oo la xiriira ururada diinta bilaabay cadaadis mass. Macaabidda Yuhuud ahaayeen xiran, halaagnay kuwo macbudyo dhaca iyo sheekh silcin. Ilaa post-dagaalka "dhalaalid" dadka Russia, anfici Budiiska, waxaan badiyay in ka badan 150 Macaabidda Yuhuud. In Buryatia ka 15,000 lamas by 1948 ugu yaraan 600 qof ku hadhay. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo Tuva iyo Kalmykia, ka dibna labada gobol, waxaa jiray oo kaliya darsin dhowr ah oo ka badbaaday sheekh ka 8000.

dadka Russia ku dhaqma Budhiism maanta

Ka hor inta Perestroika jirka Buddhist-duwidda hawlaha ururada Buddhist, CBB jiray Midowga Soofiyeeti (Maamulka Ruuxaani Bartamaha oo ka mid ah Dadka budista ah ee USSR). In the 90s hore waxaa loo baxshay Russia CBB ah. Haddaba jirka tani waxaa la yiraahdaa Buddhist dhaqanka Sangha reer Russia oo ka mid ah in xubnaha bulshada Buddhist ah Buryatia. Ururada Diinta Tuva iyo Kalmykia sii madax banaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, amar BTSR in Buryatia iyo dibadda aqoonsan oo dhan ma aha. Sidaas darteed of khilaafaad siyaasad iyo fikradeed Buddhist Society ayaa maray taxane ah oo kala jajabo iyo sokow ururada ugu weyn ee uu leeyahay ururo madax banaan dhowr iyo bulshooyinka madax banaan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Budhiism ee Russia ka wakiil yahay, sidii hore, saddexda gobol ee waaweyn - Buryatia, Tuva iyo Kalmykia.

bulshooyinka kale ee Buddhist ee Russia

Dadyowga dhaqanka ee Russia, budista maanta ma aha Kuwii sidayna way keliya ee dhaqanka iyo hiddaha Buddhist. Recently, diin badan caan ku ah dhalinyarada iyo intelligentsia ah. In magaalooyinka waaweyn sii wadi in la furo xarumo diimeed oo kala duwan. iyaga ka mid ah, marka lagu daro iskuulada dhaqanka ee Tibetan Budiiska, waxaa jira xafiisyo ka mid ah Korean, Chinese iyo Japanese Zen Budiiska, Theravada iyo Dzogchen. Russia in dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, ayaa booqday macalimiinta badan oo ruuxi ah. Taa baddalkeeda, isku wadanka yihiin oo kale waxay ahaayeen wakiillo ka socda suufiyadoodii Buddhist iyo wadaadada.

gunaanad

Fashion ee Budhiism ee Russia ma aha mid gaar ah, iyo in dareen this, dalkeena qaybsada jiidashada caadi Yurub of East ah. Inta badan, iibsashada tiro, buddofiliya gudaha u lumiya ee tayada, taas oo ben la dusha faafinta, kala duwanaansho yarna of Budhiism ee Russia.

Isla mar ahaantaana, Budhiism - diin ee Russia waa sida dhaqanka sida masiixiga iyo islaamka. Sidaa darteed, ay xaaladda iyo fikradaha mustaqbalka muhiimad weyn u tahay horumarka guul dhaqanka Ruush.