Buurayn Moldavian: taariikhda waxbarashada, sharaxaad, gobollada iyo magaalooyinka. Gacmaha iyo calanka Moldova buurayn

Maqaalkani waxa uu eegi doonaa waxa sii buurayn ee Moldavian ah. Jamhuuriyadda Tani waxaa ku yaalla koonfur-galbeed ee ba'an ee qeybta Yurub ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, kuwaas oo waxaa qayb ka yahay. MSSR waxaa la abuuray 1940, on August 2, iyo kala diro sanadkii 1991, 27 August. In bari, waqooyi iyo koonfur waxa uu xuduud la sii buurayn ee Ukraine, iyo galbeed - la Romania. In 1989, dadka ahaa 4337 kun oo qof. Agta City jiray caasimadda ah ee MSSR ah.

The magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Moldova 1989 ahaayeen agta ah (667,100 deggan), Tiraspol (181 900 deggan), Balti (158 500 deggan), Bender (130 000). Inta lagu jiro sano xoog Soviet magaalooyinka yar yar iyo tuulooyinka of hore ee magaalada Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat kordhay.

Ku biirista Bessarabia USSR

Xukuumadda Soviet ee 1940, 26 iyo 27 June, laba qoraal in hoggaanka dalka Romania, kaas oo si deg deg ah dalbaday si ay u dhamaystiraan shaqo ee Bessarabia diray. golaha taaj Romania ayaa awoodi waayay in ay helaan taageerada Germany iyo Italy, sidaa lahaa inaan siiyo ogolaansho Itobiya Soviet. Dawladdu waxay Romanian qaatay qoraalo soo jeedinta ka June 28, 1940 on laabashada Bessarabia, ee hab oo waqtiga bixitaanka ee kala qaybsanaanta iyo maamulka ay. unugyada Army Red galay isla maalintaas (28 June) gobolkii RSFSR Bessarabia.

Maamulka Army 9aad ayaa la kala diray on July 10. Bessarabia iyo ciidanka dalka harsan dalalkan oo qayb ka mid ah Degmada Military Odessa noqday.

formation

In 1940, August 2, lagu qabtay VII kulan ee Soviet Sare ee USSR ah, taas oo ansixiyay sharciga ah oo ku saabsan aasaaska ah ee Midowga Jamhuuriyadda Moldavian ah.

Moldavian sii buurayn ee ay ka kooban lahaa dhulka soo socda: 6 gobol ee Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, howsha garsooranimo, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) iyo 6 degmo oo ka mid ah hore Moldavian ASSR (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) Meelaha haray MASSR iyo iyo degmooyinka Ismail, Akkerman iyo Khotin of Bessarabia lagu wareejiyay buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah.

Later, ee 1940, 4 November, Soviet USSR Sare Presidium soo saaray amar kaas oo xaqiijiyay in isbedel ah ee xuduudaha u dhexeeya MSSR iyo USSR. Wax yar ka hor this, Molotov iyo Schulenburg heshiis dheeraad ah, si waafaqsan waxa dadka Jarmalka ka Northern Bukovina (in ka badan 14,000) iyo Koonfurta Bessarabia (qiyaastii 100,000) ayaa la soo tarxiilay in ay Germany la. Markaasuu ku dalalkan oo madhan ayay dib ayaa waxaa la aasaasay beeraha, halkaas oo qof ayaa lagu casuumay in Ukraine.

Abuurista sii buurayn ee Moldavian la fuliyay si degdeg ah. Qaab-dhismeedka Jamhuuriyadda waxaa ka mid ahaa 61 dadka degan dejinta c in qadarka 55 000 oo qof (14 degsiimo oo ku yaalla meelaha hore MASSR, 1 tuulo, degmo Cahul, 46 tuulo oo ka mid ah gobolka Bender ah). By sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan guuray 96 tuulo oo dadka ka mid ah 203 000 oo qof (76 tuulo oo ka mid ah degmada Khotyn, 14 - Akkerman iyo 6 - gobollada Ismail).

isbedel waxay ka howl-gasha by xaqiiqada ah in tuulooyinka sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan kala dhex maray oo ka adkaaday dadka Bulgarian, Ukraine iyo Ruushka, iyo wareejiyo sii buurayn ee Moldavian - Gagauz iyo Moldova.

natiijada

Sidaas darteed, MSSR ahaa dhulka u gaar ah waa 33.7 kun sq. Km, iyadoo dadka ka mid ah 2.7 milyan oo naftiinna, kuwaas oo 70% ay ahaayeen Moldovans. Garsooranimo ka noqday caasimada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda. Ka dib habeynta ee Bessarabia, buurayn Moldavian ayaa laga adkaaday 10-kun oo sq. Km dalkii iyo 0.5 milyan oo qof.

Waxa uu xadhig iyo masaafuris 8000 In 1940, ee dadka wadaniga ah, iyo in 1941 13 June - in ka badan 30 kun.

Bessarabia inta lagu guda jiro sano ee dagaalka

Inta lagu jiro degan dagaalkii labaad ee caalamiga Bessarabia ka qeybqaadatay dagaalka labada dhinac. ciidanka Romania ayaa lagu magacaabay 10,000 Bessarabians, oo waxay la dirireen reer Midowga Soofiyeeti, iyo in ka badan kala badh ka mid ah ayaa la siiyey ilaa naf baxay. xoraynta sii buurayn ee Moldavian ka soo gelitaankii dalka Romania ka dhacay 1944. Marka Jamhuuriyadda qaaday Ciidamada Soviet, u baxay inuu hore 256 000 ee Moldova, kuwaas oo ku 1944-1945 ayaa laga badiyay nolosha 40 592 oo qof.

Xaaladda dadka

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan ka fikiray formation of sii buurayn ee Moldavian ah. Waxa meesha ka socda? dib u soo celinta dhaqaalaha Jamhuuriyadda cusub ee USSR ah, miisaaniyadda khasnaddii loo diray 448 million rubles. First of dhan, buundooyinka soo noolaaday iyo khadadka isgaarsiinta ee guud ahaan Dniester ka qarxay Socda ciidanka Romania. Ciidanka Cas loo soo diray in dayactirka ee qaybaha dhaqaalaha ka caawiya dadka deegaanka. All webiga Nistru ka gudbaya September 19, 1944 ayaa la dhisay, iyo Moldova noqday suurtagal ah in la soo dhoofsadaan mashiinada iyo qalabka. In xilliga qaboobaha 1945, Jamhuuriyadda la keeno qalab 22 ka mid ah ururada waaweyn.

Xaaladda dhaqaale

warshadaha si loo soo celiyo Moldavian buurayn helay dhuxusha (226,000 metrik), biraha ferrous (20,000 tons), wax soo saarka saliidda (51 000 oo tan). By eegtahay heerka sonkorta ee 1940 ayaa la soo saaray 1945 in ka badan 16%, maaliyada top by 36% ah, saliid 84%, leben by 42%, korontada by 48% iyo maqaar kabaha by 46%. 226 waxaa dib wadareed iyo 60 beeraha.

Jamhuuriyadda badan oo Soviet (badanaa RSFSR) Moldova wareejiyo xoolaha (10,800 neef), ido (47 700 madaxa), miraha (17.4 metrik), fardo (17 300 madaxa), farsamada ah ka baaraandegidda beeraha iyo aad u badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1946, abaar iyo tirada xoolaha oo bilaabay inay hoos u. Sidaas darteed, soo baxay 25 000 idaha iyo riyaha, la siiyaa RSFSR ah, by 1947 ayaa no hadhay in ka badan 18 000 oo ah madaxdii. In 1949, ku qastaan barwaaqo laga soo musaafuriyey dalka, iyo qalabka, qalabka, dhul, xoolaha iyo dalagyada - wareejiyo beeraha wadareed.

gaajo

Sida aad arki karto, caawimada cajiib ah ka helay Moldavian sii buurayn. Sheekadu waxay u kaco in kasta oo ay arrintani, in dalka dhibaato u yimid sanadkii 1946, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida gobollada kale ee USSR. In Bessarabia waxaa jiray cunto yaraan ka dib markii dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, iyo xataa 1945, u baxay xagaaga qalalan. Maaddaama ay cunto la'aan tirada dambiyada (badanaa xatooyo) kordhay.

Sababtoo ah xiisadda, beeralayda waxa ay bilaabeen in ay diidaan in ay soo wareejiyaan beergooyska (gaar ahaan kibis) awood. Mararka qaar wax soo saarka ururinta bandowgu wadajir ah oo dhan. Dhacdooyinkaas, maamulka deegaanka loo yaqaan "xaqiiqooyinka niyadda caafimaad qabin". Taasi waa sababta hoggaanka USSR ka siisa agab gaar ah ee Jamhuuriyadda kale Soviet, iyo Ciidanka Cas xoreeyay Moldova.

Waa in la ogaadaa in ka 1947 si ay u Moldova ka Jamhuuriyadda badan oo Midowga Soofiyeeti keeno sahayda cuntada oo dheeraad ah.

Sovietization

Hoggaanka Soviet in ay sii wadaan siyaasadda ee Sovietization ee 1940, ganaax sababta oo ah dagaalka. Power dynamically xoogaystay dalka. Soviet Sare ee Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic iyo dawladda ka dib markii laga soo laabtay daadguraynta, marka hore la geeyaa Soroca, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay garsooranimo. Hagaha dib u dhiska maamulka degmada, guddiyada fulinta gobolka la abuuray by shaqo toos ah. In dayrta ee 1944 bilaabeen inay shaqeeyaan guddiyada fulinta magaalada, iyo sidoo kale dhulka miyiga ah, degmada iyo gobolka. Waxaa dib hawlaha xeer ilaalinta iyo maxkamadda.

Presidium of June Sare 16, 1949 soo saaray amar ah oo ku saabsan sameynta guddiyada fulinta degmada, degmada, gobolka iyo tuulada. October 16 waxaa la daabacay amar cusub sameynta baabiiyo ee gobollada iyo degmooyinka. Talooyin - In December 1947, doorashooyinka dawlada hoose ayaa abaabulay dalka markii ugu horeysay ka dib markii dagaalka. Guddiyada Fulinta ee la doortay ee Kalfadhiga koowaad ee Soofiyeedku ah. Departments maamulka iyo guddiyo gaar ah abuuray ka yar guddiyada fulinta.

musaafurinta

qastaan, kuwaas oo maamula lacagta cajiib ah hantida gaarka loo leeyahay, oo ay taageerayaan ku Romania ee 1941. class Tani waxay ku hadhay Moldova ilaa 1949. In sano ee 1944-1945, hoggaanka Soviet waxaa qasbi karo by dadka sida dekulakize ciidanka. Ururshay la hantida in booliska xaafadda saaray diiwaanka. Xukuumadda Soviet ayaa xisaabiyay, in sanadkii 1946, joogay dalka reer Moldova 27 025 milkiilayaasha dhulka ee gaarka loo leeyahay.

Dagaalka ka dib, abaar dalka, sidaa darteed waxaa jiray dhaqdhaqaaq anti-Soviet. Ka mid ah dadka degan miyiga ugu saameeyeen gaajo, ayaa loo qaybiyey waraaqo wacaya dadka in ay iska caabin dowladda Soviet. Oo ay la socdaan waraaqo anti-Soviet soo saartay jihada diini ah, inay ku kala dariiqada maxaliga ah.

In 1949 April 6th kadago CPSU ah (b) meel-mariyay qaraar ku saabsan guri ka saarid ah Bessarabia, hore cultists, kulaks, dadka dhulka leh, ganacsatada iyo kuwa caawiya soo duulay Jarmal iyo Romania iyo gacan ka Whites. Dalka dibaddiisa saaro qoysaska oo dhan. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan "Operation" South ". Moldova 11 290 qoys oo ka mid ah 40 860 oo qof ayaa la soo tarxiilay. hantida la wareegeen galay dalkii hantida u ahaa beeraha dawladda xoog iyo wadajirka ka gudbay, oo guryaha iyo dhismayaasha u iibin jireen inay shaqsiyaadka gaarka ah.

Moldova qayb ka ahaa Midowga Soofiyeeti for 47 sano ilaa August 27, 1991, ka hor inta uusan ku dhawaaqidda ay xornimada.

qaybinta maamulka

Maxaa yimid si ay u matalaan Moldavian buurayn ah? degmooyinka ay qadarka 52 cutub yihiin natiijada qaybintii gobollada of November 11, 1940. 6 gobollada badan oo dalka ka ASSR Moldavian helay.

Moldova qabtay gobollada ee soo socda:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky iyo goobaha);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni iyo goobaha);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova iyo Străşeni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, iyo Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-gobol);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski iyo goobaha);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti iyo meelaha Suslensky).

Moldova lahaa socda degmooyinka magacaabista Jamhuuriga:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

Maxaa kale oo hantiyeen Moldavian buurayn? magaalada Jamhuuriga magacaabista ayaa soo socda ee dalka this:

• agta ah;
• Balti;
• Bender,
• Tiraspol.

hoggaanka

Sayidka, Socialist Moldavian Soviet Jamhuuriyadda qayb ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti ahaa ee 1940. Its maamulka sare dhaqmaa shuuciga xisbiga Moldova, taas oo qayb ka ah CPSU ahaa. In 1990, qabashada doorashooyin badan bilaabay. Waxaa la og yahay in jidhka ugu sareeya ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee MSSR ahaa golaha dhexe (CC). In 1940-1990 wuxuu madax ka ah xoghayaha koowaad ee Jamhuuriyadda Moldova CP.

In 1990, doorashadii April ka dib markii, la aasaasay isbahaysi oo ka mid ah "Popular Front" (ururada aan communist) iyo xubno ka mid ah maamulka Moldova shuuciga xisbiga, ayaa diiday in uu fikirka communist. Tani waxaa ka muuqata in qaybinta posts keentay: madaxa awoodda fulinta istaagay wakiilada "Dadka Front", iyo sharci-dejinta - Communists hore. Laga soo bilaabo April 27 ilaa September 3, 1990 post ee guddoomiyaha Soviet Sare ee Moldavian qabtay Mircea Snegur. Its isla sanadkii 1990, September 3 loo doortay Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda. Mircea Druk ahaa Gudoomiyaha Golaha Wasiirada ee 25 May 1990 28 May 1991, ka dibna booska this heystey Muravskiy Valery.

Golaha Sare ee

Maxay ahayd unugga ugu sarreeya dejinta ee Moldova ee 1940-1991 sano? Waxay ahayd Golaha Sare (Hal Aqal), taas oo ku xigeenadiisa (ee 1991 doorashada laga reebo), ayaa lagu doortay hogaanka ku saleysan 4 sano (5 sano tan iyo 1979). doorashooyinka ka hor, musharaxiinta ansixiyeen hoggaanka xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Moldova.

Golaha Sare ee ma aha urur joogto ah, xubnaha ay soo ururiyeen 2-3 jeer sanadkii fadhiga, kaas oo socday muddo labo maalmood. Si ay u qabtaan shaqada maamulka siyaasiyiinta si joogto ah loo doortay Madaxweynaha shaqeeyo, loo arkaa madaxa guud ee Jamhuuriyadda.

jaakad hubka

Haddaba ka fiirsada jubbadda hubka ee buurayn Moldavian ah. Tani waa calaamad u ah qaranka ee sii buurayn ee Moldavian ah, ku salaysan jubbadda hubka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Sida ku cad qodobka ah 167th ee Dastuurka Moldova, la ansixiyey 1978, April 15, waxa ku jira image ee dubbe iyo sickle, kaalinta qorraxda. Halabuurka Tani waa ku hareereysan sabuul hadhuudh, sabuul hadhuudh, farabadan of canab iyo xirmado cas, oo ku saabsan taas oo ay jiraan fariimihii: meesha ugu hooseysa waa warqado la arki karo "RSSM" dhankiisa midig, waxaad ka akhrisan kartaa dhigyo Ruushka, On bidix - tani waa weedh ku qoran "Proletarians dalalka oo dhan, midoobaan!" luqadda Moldova. At sare ee jubbadda hubka lagu qurxiyey xiddig shan geesood.

Coat of Arms of sii buurayn ee Moldavian uu leeyahay dhowr qeybood. Marka hore, waa xoogaa ka duwan in higaada hore ee ereyga "mideeyo" afka Moldova iyo dhererka fallaaraha qorraxda ee. jaakad cusub ee hubka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda la ansixiyey ee fadhiga dhanyahay dowladda ee Moldova, kaas oo ka dhacay 1990, on 3 November.

calanka

Oo waxay u eg calanka of sii buurayn ee Moldavian ah? Waa qaab dhismeedka labada dhinac waa guduudan yahay, xarunta oo dhererkiisuna wuxuu buuxa rinji karbaash cagaaran. On yahay aag casaan ah ee geeska bidix ee sare waa qeyb ka mid salka astaanta ee MSSR ah - ku qabsatay dubbe iyo sickle cell iyo xiddiga cas oo dahabka shan tilmaamay, wareegay column xadka dahab ah.

band Green degan mid ka mid afraad width ee dhar ah. Hammer oo sickle qoro square ah khayaali ah oo kooxdiisa u dhiganta shanaad ee width ee calanka. Xamili ah dubbe iyo sickle on geesood hoose ee square ah, iyo daab sickle ku dul xarunta of dhinaca sare.

star oo shan geesood ayaa sidoo kale muujinayaa dhexroor goobo caadiga ah loo siman yahay si tobnaad oo width ee webka. maamulka MSSR ansixiyey amar calanka this of January 31, 1952. guddi Next tilmaamay qodobka 168 ee Dastuurka MSSR ee 1978.

Waxaan rajaynaynaa in ka dib markii reading article our, waxaad ka heli sawir buuxa oo sii buurayn ee Moldavian ah.