Xoraynta ee Europe ka fashiistanimo. in la sii daayo Hawlgallada Yurub

Yimid in 1933 la xisbigiisa si ay awood Germany, Adolf Hitler diiday Treaty of xayiraad Versailles, qasabka ah dib loo soo celiyo, si degdeg ah la geeyay wax soo saarka mass hub iyo ciidamo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida. Isla mar ahaantaana dalka waxa uu abuuray nidaam awood cadaadis of dibad-xakamaynta of raalli ahaynba iyo geeyay dacaayad ee exclusiveness ee Qaranka Jarmalka, waxay siisa tartanka ugu sareeya Aryan iyo baahida loo qabo in hoos jooge quruumaha kale iyo jinsiyadaha doono oo durriyadii Siegfried. dadka Jarmal instills fikradda ah in ay xajin iyo horumarka dhaqaale ee dhulalka dadka kale ku siin doonaa meel ku nool loo baahan yahay iyo ilaha dhaqaale ee horumarinta Germany iyo horumar degdeg ah ee nolosha Jarmal kasta.

Abuuritaanka saldhig u qalab iyo fikirka for gardarada, Hitler bilaabay dagaal dunida cusub, qabsaday dhowaad dhammaan of Europe, marka laga reebo dalalka satellite, xulafadeeda iyo dal dhexdhexaad ah (Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, dabacsanaadaan ah naasiga, Vatican-ka). Heystey, iyo badh ka mid ah Yurub ee USSR. Jarmalka ayaa loola cararay ka Caucasus, Bariga Dhexe iyo meelo ka baxsan, si Hindiya.

Weli Xulafada, iyadoo ka qayb muhim ah oo khasaaraha ugu weyn USSR ponosshego, ay awoodaan in ay tuulmay dagaalka iyo guul weyn, sanad guuradii 70aad ee oo dhawaan caalamka oo u dabaal. xoraynta ee Europe by horay Allied Xagga bari, iyo xagga galbeed ahaa, oo taageero ka dadka, mararka qaarkood in dalalkaas, ciidamada anti-faashistihii iyo ayaa dib loo eegay ay booska talada haya indheer leeyihiin xornimo u gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan dambe ayaa waxaa suurto sarkhaansan weerar guul oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga la dagaalanka burcad-Hitler. Dulmarka guud ee dhacdooyinka ku xeeran xoraynta ee Europe, ayaa hoos lagu soo koobay.

Dagaalka West hor furitaanka Front Labaad

In ka maalmood ee October 1942, ciidamada British ah Marshal Montgomery ee Battle of El Alamein adkaaday isutagga ah Italo-German horumarinta on Qaahira iyo Suez Canal. Dhinaca kale ee North Africa (Algeria iyo Morocco) degay ciidamada General American ah Eisenhower, Madaxweynaha Mustaqbalka ee USA. Riixaya labada dhinac ee ciidamada Talyaani iyo Jarmal, Xulafada iyaga eryay si Tunisia, halkaas oo badda ku sii adkeeyey ciidamada dhidibka lagu qasbay in ay is dhiibaan. Dhacdadani waxa ay dhacday 1943, on 13 May.

guul Tani waxay ogol yahay ciidamada qalabka sida Anglo-American ee July 1943 si ay u sameeyaan degtey ah ee Sicily. Taa baddalkeeda, Sicily ma aysan joogsan, iyo ciidamada oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga la dagaalanka burcad-Hitler sii duulaankii ee Italy, tallaabay Gacanka Messina oo si toos ah ku degay jasiiradda Apennine ah. Arrintan ayaa dhalisey in dhibaato ah fashiistaha Talyaani, iyo tirtiridda hoggaamiyaha Blackshirts ku kabayso jiryada Mussolini ka dhan posts, raaceen by qabtay. Dawladda cusub ee Italy dagaal on Germany dhawaaqay, laakiin meelaha waqooyiga iyo bartamaha dalka ku hoos shaqo Jarmal yimid.

U diyaar garowga furitaanka hore cusub ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah Germany, taageero maaddi ah ee Great Britain iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti ilaa xad badan oo ku xiran xaaladda Atlantic. Jarmal "pack Yeeyi" ee quusta, diyaaradaha, iyo Markabka dushiisa toorbiidyo-gaari oo ay taageerayaan maraakiibta waaweyn ee dagaalka darra ah in uu carqaladeeyo sokeeye kolonyo Atlantic jidka xalinta dhibaatada badda deblokady Germany. Laakiin ciidamada awood Duulista iyo Maraykanka oo raxan UK by 1943 oggol yahay in ay ka hadlaan Warega soo socda. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1942, ciidamada badda ee Allied oo ay diyaarad wada baabbi'iyey laba boqol iyo quusta Doenitz Admiral. Jarmalka shiidaa joogsadeen weeraro loo geystay raxanta iyo ugaadhsado maraakiibta hal ama stragglers otbivshimisya kale.

Bilowgii xoraynta Europe Ciidamada Soviet iyo xulafadeeda on Front Eastern

By 1944, waxay ka tageen ka dambeeya dagaalka ku qiyaano, kaas oo noqday marxalad xasaasi ah jidka dadka iyo dunida si guul weyn. In January maalmood ee sanadka ceshadka dagaalka bilaabay taxane ah oo hawlgallada istiraatiiji ah weerar, taas oo keentay in xoraynta dhamaystiran oo dalka Soviet-degan Jarmal inay helaan xuduudaha gobolka. Markii hore lagu qabtay qaabka guud ee macquulka ah military ee hawlood oo kala duwan oo ah qiyaasta hore waxa ay ahayd ka dib in falanqaynta, oo hoosyimaada macquul galay ololaha guud ee 1944. Dhab ahaantii, in 1944, Patriotic War weyn, xoraynta Europe by Ciidamada Soviet ku darsadeen habka keli ah. Si loo siiyo wadashaqaynta iyo sawir comprehensiveness oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ee sannadkaas on Front Bari, waxaa waxtar leh in ay soo bandhigaan dhammaan xogta ku miis:

Toban stroke 1944

№№ nn	hawlaha	waqtiga	Ka qayb ururada	Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay gaari
First	Leningrad-Novgorod	14,01 - 1,03	Lugbuur: Leningrad, Volkhov, Baltic, Fleet: Baltic The	guuldaradii ciidammada kooxda "North", ka buuxa deblokady Leningrad, sii daayo Gobolka Leningrad ee
2aad	Dnieper-Carpathian	24/12/1943 - 17/04/1944	Lugbuur: 1aad, 2aad, 3aad iyo 4-tii Yukreeniyaan	xoraynta ee Xuquuqda-Bank Ukraine
3aad	Odessa ------------------ Crimean	1944	3-Yukreeniyaan Front ------------------ Front Yukreeniyaan 4aad Maraakiibtan Badda Madow	xoraynta ee Odessa iyo Crimean ah, ciidamada faashistihii ku tuuray badda
4-tii	Vyborg-Petrozavodsk	1944 (Summer)	Lugbuur: Leningrad, Karelia	xoreynta Karelia
5-tii	"Operation Bagration" (Belarus)	23,06 - 28,07	Lugbuur: 1aad, 2aad iyo 3-dii Belarus, 1-dii Baltic	Liberation of Belarus, inta badan Poland inay helaan Vistula iyo qayb weyn oo Lithuania, helitaanka soohdimaha Germany
labaad	Lvov-Sandomierz	13,07 - 2,08	Lugbuur: The 1-dii iyo 4-tii Yukreeniyaan	Liberation of Western Ukraine, isgoyska of Vistula ah, formation of bridgehead Sandomierz
7-dii	Iasi-Kishinev ------------------ Romanian	August ------------ 30,08 - 3.10	Lugbuur: 2aad iyo 3aad Yukreeniyaan ----------------- 2-Yukreeniyaan	xoraynta ee Moldova, gabagabeeyo dagaalka, Romania, dhawaaqay Romania dagaalka ka dhanka ah Germany iyo Hungary, furitaanka jidka loo Hungary, gabagabeeyo dagaalka, Bulgaria dagaal Germany, hagaajinta xaaladaha gargaarka u Awliyadiisa Yugoslav
8-dii	Baltic	14,09 - 24,11	Lugbuur: 1aad, 2aad iyo 3aad Baltic Maraakiibtan: Baltic	xoraynta Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia Ka bixitaanka dagaalka ee Finland oo lagu dhawaaqay ee ay dagaalka ku Germany
9	East Carpathian ------------------ Belgrade	8,09 - 28,10 ---------------- 28,09 - 20,10	Lugbuur: The 1-dii iyo 4-tii Yukreeniyaan ---------------- Soviet, Yugoslav, qaybo ka mid Slovakia iyo xarunta	Liberation of Yugoslavia iyo taageero kacdoonka ka dhanka ah Slovakia Wehrmacht ah
10-	Petsamo-Kirkenes	7.10 - 29.10 bishii October	Lugbuur: Karelia	Ka reeban wax Jarmal waqooyiga Finland iyo Norway

hawlgallada mileteri ee Yurub (Center iyo Koonfur-Bari)

Gelida soohdimaha USSR iyo horay u sii ciidamada dhulka ee dalalka kale sabab u ahaa bayaanka dawladda Soviet. Qoraalka waxa lagu xusay sida loogu baahan yahay guuldarada ugu dambeeya oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida faashistihii Jarmal iyo inay ku Xasisho in Midowga Soofiyeeti ma laha wax qorshe in la beddelo habka siyaasadeed ee dalalkaas iyo xadgudub ay wadajirka dhulka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Midowga Soofiyeeti si cad u taageerto in uu ciidamada, gaar ahaan Communists iyo xulafadooda ugu dhow. In saaxadda siyaasadeed ee hoggaanka Soviet ka dawladaha Great Britain iyo Maraykanka waxay doonayeen aqoonsadaan danahooda qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Europe. Koritaanka ee sharafta Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Stalin, joogitaanka Ciidamada Cas ee dhulalka ay ka soo jeedaan qasbay Churchill iyo Roosevelt in la aqoonsado Balkans (marka laga reebo Greece) gudbikaraa Soviet saamayn. In Poland, Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa abuurista dawladda daacad u ah Moscow, sida ka soo horjeeda Dowladda Polish ah emigre ee London.

xoraynta ee Yurub by Ciidamada Soviet ka dhacay iskaashi dhow la leh dhaqdhaqaaqa dhuumaalaysiga ah iyo ciidamada qalabka sida ee dalalka kale. ciidanka Polish, ciidanka Yugoslav hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Iosifa Broz Tito, ka Czechoslovak Corps Ludwig Svoboda, Xarakada Slovak qaaday qayb firfircoon halganka xoraynta ee Yurubta Bari.

In 1944, 23 August, in Romania boqornimada waxaa jiray af gambiyay d'afgambi ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo shirqool ku jira anti-faashistihii leh sal siyaasadeed oo sal ballaadhan - ka communists in monarchists. Sidaas darteed dhacdadan, Romania sidoo kale noqday anti-faashistihii, dhawaaqista xaalad dagaal on Germany iyo Hungary.

On 31 August, Bucharest ka mid ah ciidamada of Army Cas, iyo waxa ka kooban yahay qaybaha soo biiray Romania. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta abaalmarinta of King Romanian ee Mihai Order ee Soviet of Victory, halka Romania oo ka qaybgalay dagaalka gardarada ah Nazi ka dhanka Midowga Soofiyeedka. Gaar ahaan, ciidamada Romanian qabsadeen Odessa iyo ingloriously in dagaal ka dhacay Stalingrad.

Bulgaria, isagoo ka Waliyeelata Reich way diideen inay ciidamo u hor bariga diro, King Boris (dhalasho Jarmal) in Hitler ku jawaabay in Bulgarians ma ku kici doontaa, Ruushka, iyo bixinta uu ka soo harqoodka urub. Bulgaria uusan xitaa ma dagaal, USSR ah, ayaa la kulmay qeyb ka mid ah dhulkeeda waxaa iska lahaa ciidamada la geeyay oo ku saabsan horumarinta calammo Army Red iyo music iidaya. Ka dib inqilaabkii on September 9, si ay xoogga dalka in ay xukuumadda shuuciga yimid, dagaal Germany.

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, Finland ayaa sidoo kale ka laabtay dagaalka. Maalinta September 19, 1944 ay dowladda heshiis xabbad joojin ah oo la Midowga Soofiyeeti on a xaaladaha si buuxda oo sharaf leh saxiixay.

The Slovak kacdoonka hubaysan ee qaranka

Tani waa bogga ugu geesinimada ah ee halganka ummadda Slovakia ayaa meel gaarka ah ee taariikhda xoraynta ee Europe.

Slovakia ka hor dagaalka, oo muddo dheer ka dib markii dagaalka uu ahaa qayb ka mid ah Czechoslovakia. Hitler qabsadeen madaxbannaanida Czech Republic, Slovakia ayaa si rasmi ah u ogolaatay, dhab ahaantii, u jeestay galay satellite ah. Slovak qayb horteeda bariga diray, laakiin sababta oo ah unreliability (bulshada Slavic la Ruushka, Ukraine, Belarusians Slovaks ismaandhaafka dareen naxariis dadka Soviet oo dhan), waxay inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in gadaalka dambe ee Jarmalka ee ilaalinta isgaarsiinta iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah Xoogaga ka. Laakiin tani waxay keentay in tiro badan Slovaks gudubka galay madaxda sare ee Xisbiga Soviet. On dalka reer Slovakia si ay u horumariyaan iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa shirilos dhuumaalaysiga ah.

Dhamaadka kulul ee dareenka suugaan iyo tusaale ah ee xagaagii 1944 ka qarxay caanka August Slovak kacdoonkii anti-faashistihii. Si aad u gargaartaan dadka mucaaradka dhaqaaqay ciidamo fadhigoodu oo qayb ka ah Front Yukreeniyaan 1aad. iyaga ka mid ahaa 1-dii Czechoslovak Army Corps. Xarunta waxaa la amray by General Ludvik Svoboda, oo noqday 1968 Madaxweynaha Czechoslovakia. October 6, iyada oo sababtu tahay dagaal adag in Mountains Carpathian ee (Pass Dukla ah) dagaal liberators galay dalka reer Slovakia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaalka lagu hoobtay oo qadhaadh socday ilaa dhamaadka October, ma si toos ah goolka keeni - Ciidamada Soviet ku guuldareystay in ay ka gudbaan Carpathians iyo xirmaan mucaaradka. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadka rayidka ah iyo jabhada u soo baxeen inay buuraha, iyo sii dagaalka ay ka qeyb xoraynta tartiib ah qaybo dalka ka mid ah Ciidamada Red horumarinta ah. On qayb ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxaa caawiyay aadanaha iyo hubka iyo rasaasta. Transfer of diyaarad loogu qaaday.

Dagaal ee Hungary, Austria iyo marxaladda koowaad ee dagaalka ee bariga Prussia

Sababaha macquulka ah ee isku xigxiga ee dagaalka, waxaana ay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Dalka keliya halis ah Hitler ee gobolka ee October 1944 ka hadhay Hungary, inkasta oo ay isku dayeen inay ka baxaan dagaalka. Taliye Horthy la xiray oo ay sameeyeen Jarmalka iyo Hungary lahaa si ay ula dagaalamaan illaa iyo dhamaadka. Dagaallo culus oo loogu talagalay Budapest uma ay oggolaan Ciidamada Soviet in ay ku qaadan at isku day ugu horeysay. Kaliya on markii saddexaad waxaa la gaaray guul, iyo February 13, 1945 magaalada Hungarian dhacay. Inta lagu guda jiro isla bishii Febraayo dhamaatay guuldaradii ee isutagga Budapest ciidamada Jarmal.

Bishii April, waxaa jiray dagaal Balaton ah, marka ciidamada faashistihii bilaabay counterattack a kulul ka dhanka ah Ciidanka Cas, laakiin unugyada Soviet oo ay awoodaan si ay u joojiyaan iyo jabiyaan cadowga. Markaas, in April, Ciidamada Soviet xoreeyay Vienna, Austria ee caasimadda, oo hanti ahaan u qaadeen Konigsberg Bariga Prussia.

Sama East Prussia ahaa zone adag daafaca si qoto dheer leh qalcad waara ee dhismayaasha la taaban karo oo ay sii xoojiyeen. Ururka Advance qorsheyaasha daafaca magaalo kasta waxaa ka mid ahaa joogitaanka wajiyada soo dhaadacday oo ay u degganaayeen. Ilaalinta ciidamada horumarinta ahaayeen badan oo qalcado, boholo, pillboxes, Jeelal, miinooyinka iyo Maritime Bureau. Dhismayaasha oo magaalada jooga ayaa sidoo kale noqday unugyada difaaca nidaamka dab multilayer.

Oo ciidammadii weli weerar ka tirsan labada jiho Belorussian (2aad iyo 3aad) bilaabay dhexe ee January, cusub, 1945. saddex bilood oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet gudahood milled isutagga this ka mid ah unugyada Wehrmacht iyo SS. Isla mar ahaantaana ay Ciidamada Red, ka privates si Guud, khasaare culus. Mid ka mid ah 18kii April, waxay ahayd dhimashada jab qolof Col Army General I. D. Chernyahovskogo, taliyaha Front Belorussian 3aad.

Laakiin in sida waxaa laga yaabaa, doonaa, geesinimada iyo geesinimo, taageeray by karti dab madaafiicda maanan (dagaalka ku for East Prussia 5 kun. Cadad madaafiic loo isticmaali jiray, oo ay ku jiraan tabobbar booskan 203-mm iyo 305-mm qayb ka mid ah RGC) iyo taageero duulimaadyada, ayaa keentay in is dhiibin ee degaanka ee caasimada Jarmalka, magaalada qalcadda ee Konigsberg. Foosha xun ee Guntin istiraatiiji ugu muhiimsan Difaaca Nazi Germany ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay laga bilaabo 7 ilaa 9 April 1945. Tobanaan kun oo askari oo Jarmal ah ayaa ku dhintay iyo 100 kun. La qabtay.

Warsaw kacdoonkii

Iyadoo lagu tilmaamayo bogagga xiiso leh iyo naxdin leh in xoraynta Tacaddi of Europe, weli wuxuu keenaa muran ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta iyo dadweynaha kala duwan, saynisyahano, taariikhyahan iyo kuwa u dooda noocyo kala duwan ah iyo calibers. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan diiradda saari doonaan kacdoonka hubaysan ee 1944 ee caasimada Poland hoos imaanaya hoggaanka dowladda emigre London.

Inta lagu jiro sano shaqo Nazi ee Poland laga badiyay lix milyan oo ka mid ah muwaadiniinta ay ka soo yihiin tirada guud ee 35 milyan oo qof. nidaam shaqo ugu xumayd, taas ayaa keentay in soo bixitaanka iyo badasho oo ka mid ah ciidamada iska caabin Polish. Laakiin way isku qasan. Sidaas, sida in ciidamada dalka Home Army mass u jideeyey, ee Hijrooday ee dowladda-in-ay Polish London. Ka dib markii laga soo galo ku galay dalka reer Poland, ciidamada Soviet abuuray dowladda pro-shuuciga - Guddiga Xoreynta Qaranka. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, kooxaha hubaysan ee dagaal Army Dadka. -Dhowaaday Warsaw Army Red la cutub oo Ludovit ciidamada ciday ku soo kaxayn lahaa guddigan ay awoodda dhulka oo dhan Polish. Si tan looga hortago, dawladda ee Hijrooday ee ku sugan London oo ku unugyada Home Army qaaday go'aamada madax banaan xoreeyaan Warsaw oo aan diyaarinta buuxda oo muddo dheer waxaa kacdoon hubeysan u qaaday. Tani waxay dhacday 1 August. Waxaa goob joog ka ahaa dad badan oo deggan magaalada caasimada ee Poland. Laakiin hogaanka Soviet si xun u cambaareeyay tallaabada, waxaa khamaar wacaya. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha, Midowga Soofiyeeti diiday in ay taageeraan mucaaradka la hub iyo rasaas, sida laga soo xigtay dadka kale, Army Red ma u awoodin in ay bixiyaan taageerada loo baahan yahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira laba xaqiiqooyinka - September 13, Ciidamada Soviet gaadhay bangiga of Vistula ee Warsaw, iyo dhimashada mucaaradka wajiga ugu dambeeya ee kacdoonkii ka dhacay xaqiiqda horteeda iyaga. Dhab ahaantii kale - in maalmaha ugu dambeeya oo ka mid ah dadka deggan caawimaad kacdoonkii of Warsaw Ciidamada Soviet, on the amar shakhsi ahaaneed ee Stalin weli la siiyo, in kasta oo la joogo waxa uu wax aan xallin.

Iyadoo laga badiyay 18 kun oo Askari. Iyo 200,000 oo qof oo rayid ah lagu dilay muwaadiniinta Warsaw, madaxda kacdoonkii casaanka ka October 2, 1944. Ciidamada Jarmal ciqaab bilaabay burburinta magaalada, qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadka deegaanka ay lagu qasbay in ay ka cararaan.

xoreynta oo dhamaystiran Poland

By hore 1945, Midowga Soofiyeeti lahaa Fadilmo istiraatiiji ah xad-dhaaf ah cadowga, waxaa sarraysa tirada qeybtii askari, saddex jeer - tirada taangiyada iyo qoryaha is-baasuukayaal, afar jeer - tirada xabbadood madaafiic (qoryaha iyo hoobiyayaal), sideed jeer - tirada diyaaradaha. Dhanka kale, waxaa xusid mudan in on Front Eastern shaqeeya unugyada ciidanka iyo guud ahaan Allied ee nus milyan qof. Iyada oo awoodda hawada buuxda, Ciidamada Soviet ay awoodaan in ay doortaan jihada iyo waqtiga lama filaan ah ugu weyn, jeestay dagaal isku mar dhinacyo kala duwan iyo goobaha ay. Waxay awoodi kari waayay inay dagaalamaan, Garaaci ee cadowga goorta iyo meesha ay ahayd haboon oo waxtar.

Weerarka guud waxaa la qorsheeyay 20 January. By dagaal uu ku lug lahaa ciidan firfircoon oo dhan iyo laba ciidamada badda.

Laakiin, sida ku xusan qodobkan, on Front Galbeed, in December 1944, ciidamada Hitler ee Ardennes ah si lama filaan ah ay weerar ciidamada Anglo-American iyo wuxuu iyagii ku riday on 100 km dib. Americans laga badiyay oo ku saabsan 40 kun oo Man.. Churchill shakhsi codsaday Stalin la codsi ku saabsan gargaarka, codsi ka helay jawaab togan. The jiho Soviet, inkastoo tababarka uncompleted bilaabay January 12, 1945 oo ahaa kii ugu ugu awooda badan oo baahsan ee dagaalka oo dhan. Waxay qaadatay 23 maalmood. By February 3, qayb ka mid ah Ciidamada Red horumarinta bangiga of oder ku yimid - waayo, waxaa isaga la jiray dalka Jarmalka, halkaas oo ay dunida ka soo degay on dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. January 17 Ciidamada Soviet galay Warsaw.

Vistula-oder hawlgalka, ay qabatay amarka Soviet, dhameystirtay xoraynta ee Poland iyo korinay burburinta ee ciidamada Ardennes ee Xulafada reer galbeedka ah, abuuray shuruudaha iiriyo ee Berlin iyo soo afjaro dagaalka ee Europe.

xoraynta Czechoslovakia

dagaalka ayaa muhim u ah jagooyinka haystay muhiimka ah ee Europe, dalka waxay u leexatay xagga dhexe ee April 1945. Bratislava, Slovakia caasimadda, ayaa la sii daayay ka hor, on 4 April. A ciidamada Soviet 30-th soo qaaday xarunta weyn warshadaha ee Moravská Ostrava.

5 May deggan Prague kacay inuu kacdoonka hubaysan ka dhanka ah qabsaday. Naasiga The isku dayeen in ay Maansheeyo kacdoonkii ee dhiigga, Markay dhinteenna, lama joojin xitaa amarka Jarmal saxiixay qalab ah ee is dhiibin on 05/08/1945.

Jamhada Praguers raadiyaha waxay u leexatay xagga Xulafada caawimaad. Ajiibay this call, amarka Soviet, tuurin ee Maarso si ay u Prague Labadii Col taangiga of Front Yukreeniyaan 3aad. Sameynta March trohsotkilometrovy, saddex maalmood ciidanka, May 9, galay Prague. In weerarkan iyo kuwo kale oo ku soo biiray ciidamada 1aad, 2aad iyo Lugbuur Yukreeniyaan 4-tii, taasoo keentay in Czechoslovakia laga xoreeyay shaqo Nazi. Buuxi xoraynta dadka Europe ka fashiistanimo.

hore labaad

July 6, kadib markii tababarka u weyn ee West ah, wuxuu bilaabay gelitaanka Ciidamada huwanta Expeditionary - hawlgal caga grand "Overlord". Ciidamada Anglo-American la cutubyo ka mid ah Free Faransiis, Polish, unugyada Czechoslovak gaadhaya 2 million Man 876 kun. taageero weyn oo ka mid ah ciidamada badda iyo cirka ka degay waqooyiga France, in Normandy. Sidaas daraaddeed ugu dambeyntii waxaa la furay a hore labaad dheer la sugayay. At xaggiisa dambe, Jarmalka u dhaqmeen unugyada dhuumaalaysiga ah iyo ciidamada Resistance dhulka hoostiisa degan dalalka Yurub. Qorsheeyay inay ku tuuraan qalbiga Germany galay. Roosevelt rumeysan yahay in Berlin waa in ay qaadaan Maraykanka.

Inta lagu guda jiro weerarka, ciidamada huwantu yimid kacdoonka hubaysan ee France, Belgium iyo Denmark. The French iyo Belgiumka sii daayay ay caasimada by Allied Expeditionary Force gaaray xoraynta ee dalalkooda. Deenishka ka yar nasiib - ma gargaarka helay, iyo kacdoonkii la jajabiyey by duulay.

go'aamada siyaasadeed iyo istiraatiiji xulafadooda

Sidaas darteed, garaaca kalifaya iyo baaxadda cajiib ah oo qoto dheer weerar Soviet ee 1944 iyo horraantii 1945 waxa ay noqotay dhamaadka cad degdeg ah oo dagaal iyo wax go'an oo ka mid ah guuldaradii ugu danbeysay ee ciidanka Jarmal. Waa waqtigii xulafadooda in ay xiriiriyaan dhammaan dhinacyada weerar ugu dambeeyey ee ka dhanka ah Germany iyo wada hadlaan dhibaatooyinka si dunida guudahaan. Koraaya sharafta of USSR iyo aqoonsi oo dhan sokeeye uu kaalin muhim ah in guuldaradii of gardarraloowna ee loo oggol yahay in ay aqbalaan soo jeedinta Midowga Soofiyeeti si uu u qabto Shirka Yalta ee Madaxda Dowladda oo ka mid ah saddexda dal ee ugu wayn ee ka qayb isbahaysiga anti-Hitler.

In muddo ah ka soo 4 ilaa 11 February I. V. Stalin, F. D. Ruzvelt iyo Winston Churchill kulmay Shirka Yalta ah, taas oo uu noqday hal dhibic sare ee awoodaha iskaashiga isaga hor fadhiisto. Madaxda reer galbeedka way ka warqabeen inay awood u USSR ee ay u dhamaystiraan guul oo keliya hawlgalka inay xoreeyaan Europe. Waxaa laga yaabaa in xaqiiqda iyo oggol yahay in ay heshiis ku saabsan arrimaha oo dhan ay gaaraan.

In la eego military, waxaa la xalin arrimaha iskaashiga iyo soohdinta aag of shaqo. The arrin siyaasadeed dhexe - mustaqbalka ee Germany - waxaa lagu xalin dareen in dalka sii joogi doonaa Ciddi leh, dimuqraadi ah, demilitarized, ma aha oo awood u leh oo ka dhigan khatar mustaqbalka in inta kale ee aadanaha.

Awoodaha on su'aasha Polish ayaa sidoo kale isku afgartay ah. Poland furay jidka horumarka madax banaan oo bilaash ah ee xuduudaha taariikh cadaalad ah.

Waxaa la go'aansaday in la dhiso Qaramada Midoobay iyada oo ujeedadu of gaaro is faham wadaaga, heshiiska iyo in laga hortago gardarada u dhexeeya labada dal ee dunida ka guudahaan.

Ugu dambayntiina, waayo dhamaadka hore ee dagaalka iyo xakamaynta ee gardarada ku military ee qoryaha ee Bariga Fog waxa la isku raacay shuruudaha USSR ku soo biiray dagaalka huwanta ka soo horjeeda Japan.

Battle for Berlin iyo dagaalkii

April 16 calaamadsan bilowgii hawlgalka Berlin ah. Sidaas darteed of laba todobaad dagaalo lagu hoobtay oo ku taalla daafaha magaalada Berlin (Seelow Heights) iyo magaalada, halkaas oo ay jid kasta iyo guri kasta oo weyn oo qalcaddii la soo jeestay, oo askari oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas u suurtagashay in ay qaataan Godku ee fashiistaha - Reichstag iyo wax tara oo calanka cas waxa ka weyn.

Ugu dambeyntii, habeenkii oo ah 8 ilaa 9 May ee Karlshorst, xaafad ka mid ah caasimadda ah ee Germany, dhammaan dhinacyada ayaa la soo wareegtay falka ee is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah dhammaan ciidamada Jarmal.

Laakiin tani waa dheeraad ah u xoreynta ee Europe ka fashiistaha ma soo afjaro. May 9, hore ayaa qaadan Berlin, askari ka unugyada iyo qaababka ee Front Yukreeniyaan 1aad, caawinta Prague caasiyoobay, March degdeg ah u guuray magaalada Czechoslovak, oo calan kor u isutagga faashistihii. Waxaa xusid mudan in isku day ah oo aan micne lahayn si loo badbaadiyo uu qaddar la mahdin, waxaa qaybo ka mid ah t ahaayeen. N. Ciidamada Khayaamo Vlasov, ama ROA, goosteen Praguers ah.

Oo mid tacliiq ka badan. Common inta lagu guda jiro dadyowga qatar guud iyo gobolada ee muddada post-dagaal si tartiib tartiib ah waxay bilaabeen inay gooni fakadaan. si isku day badan oo dib natiijada dagaalka uusan joojin aan ilaa hadda. Xitaa Day Victory la xusaa maalmo kala duwan. Inta badan wadamada ka fiirsan maalintii ciidda on 8 May, iyo in Midowga Soofiyeeti, hadda Russia, xusuusataa dagaalka ugu kulul lagu hoobtay ee Prague ee 1945, dabaal Maalinta Victory on 9 May. Nasiib darro, waxa jiray hab janjeeraa in codsanaya ka ab cusub ee sheekooyinka ku saabsan sida la sii daayo ka dhacay Europe ka fashiistanimo.

gunaanad

xoraynta ee Europe ka fashiistaha waxaa loo sameeyey mahad suurto gal ah in ay super-Soviet Union geesinimada iyo xulafadeeda, ciidamada dagaalka ee Resistance si dhulal Nazi-qabsadeen. Dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ayaa ku dhamaatay, hore waxay ahayd guuldaradii ee Japan, laakiin guusha ugu weyn ee hore ku guuleystay. The mashiinka dagaal Jarmal awood ahayd la jebiyey iyo adkaaday.

Laakiin ururka quruumaha in halganka ka dhanka ah fashiistanimo aan la badbaadin karo in muddada guudahaan. Sida in mustaqbalka iyo dunida, Europe waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba kooxood, bariga iyo galbeedka, raasammaaliyade iyo hantiwadaag. Muddo intee le'eg ayaa kala qaybsan Germany laftiisa. nidaamka hantiwadaagga dunida ah ayaa loo abuuray, hadda si xoogan way isbaddali, laakiin waxa ay weli ka jiraan.

xoraynta ee Europe, dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ahayd mid aad u dhiig leh. Khasaaraha of Europe ee dagaalka ee la soo dhaafay adduunka waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 40 milyan oo qof, iyadoo 2 milyan oo iyaga ka mid ah - muwaadiniinta Western Europe iyo 7 million - muwaadiniinta Germany. The haray 30 milyan oo qof ayaa khasaare dadyowga Bariga Europe iyo USSR.

Weli, natiijada ugu weyn ee - xoraynta dadka ka Biro Naar ah faashistihii. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dhibaatada ba'an ee Dadka si looga hortago in cudurku aargoosi brown iyo xusuusan-aragnimo ah ee midaynta ciidamada siyaasadda iyo dadweynaha kala duwan oo mararka qaarkood nidaaam si khatarta argagixisada iyo burburinta dhaqanka iyo ilbaxnimada. xoraynta ee Europe ee 1945 noqon doonaa a walxaha waqti dheer falanqaynta cilmiyaysan, military, siyaasadeed, taariikhda iyo moral. tacaluqa ee waayo-aragnimo ah ee Tacaddi ka khibrad maanta waa ka weyn yahay ee abid!