Clostridium botulinum. botulinus

In dunida ka jira cuduro badan oo kala duwan oo bakteeriyada. Waxay ku kala duwan ka soo hab kasta oo kale oo ka mid ah cudurka, faafidda cudurka iyo Gudigga kale. In this article aan doonayo inaan ka hadlo si faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan botulinum Clostridium ah - wakiilka sababaya cudurka sida botulism.

About xanuun

Bilowgii, waxaad u baahan tahay in la yidhaahdo dhawr eray oo ku saabsan cudurka keena bakteeriyada. Sidaas daraaddeed, botulism - cuntada lagu sumoobo daran. Waa ba'an, inta badan waqti isku mid ah u saameeyaa habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha, waxay keeni kartaa curyaannimo. Waxay leedahay wadada saxaarada-afka la isugu gudbiyo.

Interesting noqon lahaa asalka ah ee magaca. From Latin tarjumayaa bolse botulism (botulus). Oo dadkii oo dhammu, waayo, bakteeriyada pathogenic xogta ugu horeysay waxaa la helay in wax soo saarka cuntada this (iyo sidoo kale in meydadka dadka dhintay, kuwaas oo horey u cuneen wasakhaysan bolse). Inta badan cudurkan waxaa sabab u ah isticmaalka kalluunka cusbayn iyo sigaar cabbin iyo ham.

A yar oo taariikh

Waayo, botulinum ugu horeysay Clostridium mar - wakiilka sababaya ee botulism - waxaa dib tilmaamay in 1896 saynisyahan a E. van Ermengemom. Oo waxay noqotay waqtiga ugu xooggan ee ka dillaacay. Sida hore u soo sheegnay, pathogene this ayaa go'doonsan sababta oo ah ham, iyo sidoo kale ka meydadka dad ah kuwaas oo ku cuntaan hore. Wax yar ka dib, waxaa la ogaaday in noole yar wuxuu ka kooban yahay siddeed serovars oo ku kala duwan yihiin sunta dhismeedka antigenic (oo ay ka koobnaan iyaga u gaar ah). Ugu badnaan muhiim yihiin sunta, gudbiyo sida A, B iyo E. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la sheegay in sunta oo dhan waa la Kipury karaa oo keliya by serum homologous.

muuqaalka

Waxa ay u muuqataa botulinum Clostridium? Sayidka, bakteeriyada waa dhammaadka ul caddaalad ah oo waaweyn wax yar soo koobay. Qiyaasaan ay size - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. Intii jidhka waxa ay leedahay oo ku saabsan 35 peritrichous flagella ku yaal. sameysmi karaa kudka. Ul in khilaafka u yara eg socoto fadeexadda tennis a.

xaaladaha ku haboon

Waa maxay shuruudaha waa fiican ee botulinum Clostridium? Sidaas daraaddeed, heerkulka si mug leh for korriimadooda - oo ku saabsan 35 ° C. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bakteeriyada u badin kartaa kala duwan heerkulka of 10 si 55 ° C. Waxaa ugu fiican noole yar beerayaa:

1. Ka mid ah Kitty Tarotstsi. Tani maraq hilib-peptone gaar daro hilibka bolse beerka iyo glucose.
2. In hilib iyo kalluun u yeela.
3. Halkaas oo ay jiraan tirada badan oo borotiin ah xayawaanka.

Waxa kale oo bakteeriyada u badin karaa in deegaanno kala duwan. Sidaas daraaddeed, ugu haboon - glucose iyo Haagaar dhiigga (kiiskan, bakteeriyada eg oo gogo 'oo digir ama dhogor). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku badanayaan karaa dhexdhexaad ah oo ah dareere. In kiiska noocan oo kale ah, daaalo ku dhqaalaha waxaa la aasaasay, iyo ka dib waqti gaar dhibcood dadajin on hoose ee tuubada.

faafidda

Meeday botulinum Clostridium bakteeriyada ee caadiga ah? Sidaas darteed, "ayuu xumaan" iyaga on noqon kartaa meel kasta. Inta badan, meelaha soo socda lagu doorto clostridia degaanka:

1. The mindhicirrada kalluunka, xoolaha iyo xataa shellfish.
2. The ciidda (sheyga in ay isu tagaan saxaarada).
3. Cuntada. Gaar ahaan khatar ah haddii ay taasi qofka yihiin khudaarta, likaha, hilib iyo kalluun.

In ciidda u noolaadaan dood ka khayr badan foomamka daaqsinka ah bakteeriyada. kudka waxay ku noolaan kartaa desiccation dheer, baraf si -250 ° C, karkaraya ka mid ah ilaa lix saacadood. Oo xataa in xal phenol bakteeriyada (5%) kudka sii joogi kartaa macne 1 maalin. Marka karkaraya halaagnay sunta ah ee ku saabsan 10 daqiiqo.

xasiloonida

Just sida raagaya waa botulism? Ayidhi soo jeedisay in noole yar laftiisa u dhaqmo si ka duwan, waa in gobolo kala duwan.

1. foomka spore. Xaaladdan oo kale, clostridia waa mid aad u adkaysi u noocyada kala duwan ee isbedel dibadda. At heerkul ah 6 ° C noolaan karaan oo ku saabsan hal bil, at reflux 100 ° C oo keliya lagu dilay hal saac gudahood at heerkul ah 120 ° C - mid ka mid nus saac. kudka waa adkaysi u keydsho, alwaaxdii saqafka haysay qaawan, qalajiyo. Sida jeermiska dila, markaas formalin (20%) xalka laga yaabaa in ay dilaan bakteeriyada muddo laba maalmood ah, khamriga ethyl - muddo laba bilood ah, iyo xal Aashito (10%) - hal saac.
2. Foomka daaqsinka. In gobolka this, Clostridia yihiin kuwo aad u nugul. At heerkul ah 80 ° C lagu dili karin hal saac gudahood.
3. Sida sun ah, waxaa la mid ah sida foomka daaqsinka u dhaqmo. At 100 ° C ilaa 10 daqiiqadood, sun ah loo jabiyo. Deggan deegaan acidic, laakiin waa la Kipury karaa cawaaqib xumadoodu. In mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka ee sun ah oo si weyn u yaraynaysaa ay waxqabad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka laga reebo nooc botulism E, kaas oo, on lid ku ah, waa in mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka aadanaha ee 10 000 jeer ka badan firfircoon.

Halka ay suurto gal botulism faafinta? Ayidhi, daawada ay sheegayaan in inta badan bukaanka waxaa laga helaa wadamada ay dad waxaa loo isticmaalaa in cunista hilib ama kalluun qasacadeysan kuwa. Xilliyada ay dhacdo in this ku tacaluqda. Sidoo kale waa muhiim ahayn da'da, jinsiga, midabka maqaarka aadanaha. Qof kasta qaadsiin karaa cudurka.

pathogenesis

Botulism - cuntada lagu sumoobo daran, kaas oo ka dhici karaa ka dib isticmaalka clostridia wasakhaysan ama sunta cuntada (sun la sii daayay in kiiska halkaas oo noole galo deegaanka anaerobic iyo bilaabataa ay dhalmo firfircoon). The tixgelinta ugu muhiimsan in ay dhacdo cudurada sida botulism, waa neurotoxin ah. Waxaa muhiim ah in la sheego in uu yahay ugu awooda badan oo dhan sunta noolaha jira. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, waa 375 jeer ka badan mariidka sunta ah iyo ka badan oo ka mid ah abeeso ah. Haddii aad hesho sunta ah ee ay foomka saafi ah oo kaliya in 1 mg ah ku jiri doona ilaa 100 milyan oo qaadasho sun ah ee jiirka cad shaybaarka. Sida waayo, ninkii wuxuu, ka dibna dhimashada laga yaabaa in ay dhacaan ka dib markii uu qofku cuno oo kaliya 0,001 neurotoxin mg.

About neurotoxin

Sida aynu hore u kor ku xusan, botulinum bakteeriyada Clostridium ku qarsan awood badan oo khatar ah neurotoxin in khatar ma aha oo kaliya in ay caafimaad laakiin nolosha. Sidoo kale waa in ay sheegayaan in sun tani waa thermostable. xiidmaha waxaa calanka sida prototoksina in noole yar khatar bedelay ka dib markii uu ka baaraandegidda ensaymes xiidmaha yar-yar. Si saamaynta isla falgalka dheefshiidka deggan. feature kala: si degdeg ah nuugo galay dhiigga, isagoo durba meelaha ugu wada sarreeyey of mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka. Dhiig ku fidaa jidhka, helitaanka in synapses muruqyada.

stage tallaabo sun

Sidoo kale waa inaad idinku leeyahay, sun botulinum leeyahay saddex marxaladood of tallaabo:

1. Tallaabada karo (in ay dhacdo serum antitoxic). Neurotoxin xidhana in receptor gaar ah.
2. Guuritaanka sun ee qaybta aqueous of isgoyska muruqyada gacanta. Waayo, tallaabadan, heerkulka waa muhiim. The masraxa isla waa trudnoobratimoy.
3. wajiga Lytic. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo xajinaya blocks sun galay sun neerfaha muruqa. Halkan oo ay jiraan calaamadaha ugu muhiimsan ee botulism.

noocyada kala duwan ee botulism

In dhaqanka caafimaad kala afar nooc oo waaweyn oo botulism:

1. Cuntada, ama classic. Caabuqa dhacdaa by cunaysa cuntada taas oo ka kooban sunta ah.
2. Boogta. Noocan ah cudurka waxa uu la xidhiidhaa gumaysigii aadanaha ee dusha boogta.
3. botulism dhasha. Tani infekshan bakteeriya bahal ah ee mindhicirrada ilmaha dhashay ee.
4. Of soocidda aan la hubin. Xaaladdan oo kale, dhakhaatiirtu ma dhihi karo si dhab ah in uu ahaa sababta cudurka botulism aadanaha.

About cudurka

Sidoo kale waxaa jira botulism ah cudurka aadanaha? Sidee cudurka? First of dhan waxaa la ogaadaa in ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in ay noqdaan cudurka clostridia ninka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noole ku galo jirka aadanaha iyada oo cuntada la wasakheysan ama wata ciidda qaba cudurka ama saxarada. Dheeraad ah, waayo ah ee cudurka, bakteeriyada ayaa sidoo kale loo baahan yahay shuruudo gaar ah. Sidaas darteed, haddii laga soo ururiyey ka hor inta aysan cuntada-, spore noole ah isla beddelin foom oo waa heer sare ah u adkaysata heerkulka aad u sarreeya. Ka dib markii la karinayo kudka bilaabo inuu xaalad daaqsinka, iyo marka ay jirto clostridia qoondaynta sun ah halis ah. Waxaa xusid mudan in noole yar ka cabsato oxygen furan. kuleylka soo noqnoqda ee cuntada ayaa sidoo kale ma awoodaan in ay dila bakteeriyada pathogenic (baahan yahay heerkulka burburinta ay qiyaastii 750 ° C). cuntada Next wasakhaysan galo jirka aadanaha, iyo cudurka ilaa xad si deg deg ah u muuqato.

xilliga cudurku

sun botulinum kadib markii ay galeen jidhka bilaabo inuu si degdeg ah ku shaqeeyaan. Tani waxay dhacdaa 8-22 saacadood ee ugu horeeya ka dib isticmaalka cuntada sumeysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga celcelis ahaan -10-12 saacadood.

Sawirka caafimaad ee cudurka

Maxaa ku dhacaya jidhka bini'aadamka ka dib markii caabuq bakteeriyo this? Sidaas daraaddeed, bilowga ah ee calaamadaha ay la mid tahay caloosha (caabuq of the xub-axaleedka of xiidmaha yar iyo caloosha). Calaamadaha ugu weyn ee keeni bakteeriyada botulism:

1. Calool xanuun, la doorbidayo in xuddunta. Xanuunku wuxuu u kordhin doonaa, faafinta.
2. Heerkulka caadiga ah ma kici.
3. kursiga kor waa in 20 jeer maalintii. waxay noqon kartaa biyood, mudda, foomka of maraq bariis.
4. tabar guud ee jirka.
5. Matag.

Matag iyo soo noqnoqda saxarada waxay keeni kartaa in guud ahaan fuuqbaxa. In kiiska noocan oo kale ah, ayaa laga yaabaa inuu qalal, waxaa jira saamayn of laalaabkii on wajiga iyo maqaarka kale. Inta badan, calaamadaha baaba'aan dhowr maalmood ka dib. Qofka qaba in hargabka caloosha caadiga ah maray. Laakiin waxaa kale oo dhici karta oo dhan dhamaado aan si wanaagsan oo degdeg ah. Xaaladaha qaarkood, qofka waxaa laga yaabaa in kursi iyo matag dhiig leh, oo isku mar noqon kartaa xanuun aad u daran. All laga yaabaa xitaa dhimasho sabab u ah dhacdo of galleeyda xiidmaha.

dillaacay

Halkee jeer ee aad qaadi karto cudur, sida botulism? Photo Axdigu badnaanta a cudurka, laakiin inta badan waxaa kadambeeya shirkadaha, gaar ahaan haddii qof gubtay, borotiinada xoolaha.

ka hortagga

Maxaa tallaabooyin taxaddar ah wuxuu badbaadin karaa dadka cudurka jeermiska this?

1. dili karaa karaya botulism. Sidaas, ka hor inta aysan cunto kasta oo qasacadaysan, waxaa fiican inaad isku kari ilaa 15 daqiiqadood. Tani waxay awood u siin doona sun in uu burburo. Waxaad sidoo kale aan baabbi'iyee karaa cuntada qasacadaysan, daboolka ah taas oo ahayd barara.
2. Bakteeriyada keenaya botulism The, dhinto marka heerkulku hooseeyo. Haddii la heli karo, hilib iyo kalluun cuntada ka hor inta karinta waxaa fiican inaad talaagada. U kaydi si sida ugu wanaagsan ee heerkulka hoos + 10 ° C.
3. Gaar ahaan waa in si taxadar leh loola dhaqmo likaha. Sidaas daraaddeed sida saxda ah, waxay noqon kartaa qayb ka mid ah clostridia ciidda faddaraysan.
4. Dadka wada cuneen isku cunto sida xanuunsan la botulism, waa in iyada oo ay kormeerayaan dhakhtarrada. Sidoo kale, waa in ay sida qiyaas ka hortag ah si ay u soo galaan serum ka protivobotulinicheskuyu amniotic iyo chelators.

Odoroska

Kaasu wuxuu soo afjari karo cudurkan, sida botulism? Photos of bukaan hore way kala duwan yihiin. Tani waa sida in laga takhaluso oo ka mid ah dadka cudurka iyo meydadka. seenyo ee la soo dhaafay ayaa suuragal ah keliya haddii bukaanku ma bixiso daryeelka waqtiga ku haboon. Haddii aan la daweyn, botulism qaadataa Nin wuxuu noloshiisa ku 30-60% ee kiisaska.