Cudurada of iris ah. Irises: Care berrin bannaan

Kuwani ubax qurux badan sida irises, jeclaaday oo ballaaran kaymo beeralaydu iyo beeralayda ee goobaha kala duwan ee dabiiciga ah iyo cimilada ee dhulkeenna. Noocyo ka mid ah dhirta ku habboon noocyo kala duwan oo xaaladaha dhigay, oo ku salaysan breeders, kuwaas oo abuuray kala duwan delicious. noocyada kala duwan ee ubax, gaar ahaan daryeelka iyo taranta, iyo sidoo kale waxa cayayaanka iyo cudurada irises waxaa laga helaa, qodobkan sheegi doonaa.

Yaa wuxuu isaga siiyey magaca?

Faylasuuf Giriigga ee hore oo caan ah iyo dhakhtar Hippocrates ku tilmaamay ubaxa for kala duwan ee midabada ay sharaf ilaahadda Iris. Waxay ahayd ayay, sida qaansoroobaad, kaas oo isku xira samada iyo dhulka, doonista dadka ilaahyada oo ku naadinaysa. Intaa waxaa dheer, in ay "iris" qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga luqadda loogu tala galay, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, qaansoroobaad, markaas ayaa name of ubaxa. In naturalist qarnigii XVIII Karl Linney, si loo abuuro nidaam hal soocidda iyo magacyada dhirta, iris ceshan magaceeda qadiimiga ah. Ka hor inta aan ka hadlo wixii saamayn ku yeelan kara cudurada iris iyo cayayaanka, si kooban u doodaan sifooyinka nafleyda ee warshadda this.

description botanical

Ubax waxay u eg Iris, si fiican u yaqaan beeralayda Pivnik ama iris, waa qoys ka kooban iris. Sida caadiga ah waa rhizomatous dilka ah, laakiin waxaa jira dhirta klubnelukovichnye. In our band waa wakiilada ugu badan ee iris rhizomatous, arrin aan qabyo ahayn in daryeelka iyo ku Tolosnaada biyo-dalbanayaan. Iris beerta foomamka rhizome qaro fadhiya qoto dheer dhulka hoostiisa ah oo inta badan ferjiga waxaa ka mid ah, barwaaqo iyo xididdadiisa threadlike wanaagsan. caleemo Flat of ubax this yihiin cufan iyo xad adag, daboolay foom ubaxyada waxy anfac xiphoides. Noocyada ugu badan ee irises way koraan in a alwaaxdii saqafka haysay taageere-qaabeeya. Ubax irises, beerto iyo daryeelka oo la sameeyay iyadoo la raacayo dhegyadii dhirta, ubaxyada ka guga goor dambe ilaa bartamihii June.

ubax Features

Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee ubax iris waxaa lagu abaabulaa on peduncle adag oo xoog badan. Xaaladaha intooda badan, ubaxyo hal, laakiin waxaa kale oo laga helaa inflorescences yar. Midabaynta noqon karaa mid aad u kala duwan - ka cad oo saafi ah in ku dhowaad madow. Maanta, waxaa jira noocyo, ubaxa ah kuwaas oo la rinjiyeeyay laba ama ka badan midabyada. Oo ka kooban a iris ubax of lix, iyo mararka qaarkood saddex Tent, saamiga gudaha iyo kuwa dibadda ah, taas oo ku kala duwan yihiin qaabka, size iyo midabka. Ka dib markii ubax, geedka midho - godgodan sanduuqa elongated saddex xagal oo ay jiraan ilaa 20 miraha brownish waaweyn.

Noocee?

breeders Dibadda iyo beeralaydu waxaa iris qaybsan dhirta koray in jardiinooyin, on the 13 kooxood oo waaweyn oo dhan, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in ay jiraan ku saabsan 17. In dalkeenna waa ay tahay caado ah in ay subdivide foomamka beerta of iris (iris) oo ku socda 10 kooxood oo ugu waaweyn:

• la laalo,
• Siberian,
• Japanese,
• remontant;
• arilbredy iyo aryl;
• Xoola ah;
• Louisiana,
• Evans,
• Geedaha xeebta Pacific ah;
• yar loo yaqaan.

kala soocidda Tani waa run ahaantii loo baahan yahay, laakiin nolosha caadiga ah ka dhigay horyaalka heerka dheeraad ah oo fudud oo cad oo irises rhizomatous laba kooxood, oo la laalo iyo neborodatye. Ugu badan ee Jannooyin ay ballaaran yihiin, wato rinji by wakiilada irises la laalo. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah noocyo badan oo ka mid ah wax-u Jarmal irises la laalo dhaadheer.

Marka la barbardhigo ah irises la laalo, on the Tent hoose ee kaas oo ah "gadhka" of sinnaanshaha villi midab, neborodatye qurxinta sida ma aha. Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah noocyada soo socda ee irises:

- Siberian (I. sibirica);

- Qoyan (I. pseudacorus), sidoo kale loo yaqaan lozhnoairovym;

- Japanese (I. japonica);

- Louisiana (Louisiana I.);

- Xoola (I. spuria);

- California (California I.).

Waxaan isku dayi doonaa in si kooban sifaha kasta oo ka mid ah noocyada kuwan.

iris barbata

La laalo Iris waa ugu caansan ee kooxda oo dhan iris. Si aad u taariikhda, halkaas oo ku saabsan 35,000 ee kala duwan, iyo dhowr cusub sannad kasta waa. Magaca ubaxa, kanu wuxuu ahaa sabab u villi jilicsan ku yaalaa on the Tent hoose. noocyo badan oo ka mid ah rinjiyeynta "Degmada Afgooye" in la barbardhigo leh midabka ugu weyn ee ubaxa, ka kooban lix Tent. Dhererka iris gadh waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex kooxood:

1. High - in ka badan 0.7 mitir,
2. height Celceliska - ka 0.4 si 0.7 m,
3. Low, oo sarajooggiisu kama badna 40 cm.

Color of ubax waa labada sugeysayna oo marka la isku daro. Kooxdu waxay of irises la laalo yihiin iyo germanica Iris.

iris Siberian

Si ka duwan Hardy iyo undemanding eego noocyada of iris Siberian, noocyo ka soo jeeda oo ku salaysan waxa on, sare ee baahida loo qabo kulaylka iyo iftiin. Geedaha kooxdan koraan kartaa ilaa 1 mitir ee height. Leaves waa yar yahay la laalo, oo waxay leeyihiin midab fududee. wakiilada Varietal yimaadaan midabo iyo ubaxyada kala duwan guga goor dambe. Waxaad ka qaadan kartaa fasalka si ubax sii wadi doonaa ilaa iyo dhamaadka July. Cudurada of irises kaymo, oo ma uu cabsan of tayo sare leh, iyo cayayaanka waa arrin naadir ah.

Lozhnoairovy (dhiiqo) iris

Ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in ay dahabka-jaalle ah, iyadoo yar brown 'taabto', ubax dabayaaqadii May - hore ee June. Noocan ah irises korayo si wanaagsan in gacmeed, ilaa 40 cm, berkadood, iyo xuduudaha ay. Waxa uu korayo si wanaagsan in qorraxda ama meel hadh qayb ahaan.

In aag dhexe oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee irises, sida California, Louisiana, Japan iyo Xoola ah waa dhif iyo naadir, intii dabaqaa xaaladaha our noocyo yar, oo ay yihiin, by Samo falku ay failed, ma aha oo raqiis ah.

Ubax irises: beerto iyo daryeelka

Gadashada irises, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la qeexo waxa nooc aad iibsato, maxaa yeelay waxa ay saamayn ku doorashada ee goobta beeritaanka. Inta badan noocyada casriga ah labada irises la laalo iyo neborodatyh door bidaan qoraxdu, diiran, dabaysha dadka da'da ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noocyada sida dhiiqo, siman iyo bristly waa qoyaan-jecel dhirta. irises macaan oo dhiiqo iyo noocyo horumariyo on ay ku saleysan, waxaa lagu talinayaa in dalka balliyada macmal gacmeed iyo bristly - on xeebaha daadadku, ama in dhulka qoyan.

Noocyada kale ee irises waxaa lagu beeray aagga dhexe guga ama dayrta, iyo muddada wanaagsan ugu waa dhamaadka xagaagan - toddobaadyada ugu horeeya ee deyrta. Ka hor inta beerto ee rhizomes of ubax kuwan, ciidda waa in lagu qoday si qoto dheer ah 20 - 30 cm, iyo sidoo kale in la sameeyo phosphorous-potash iyo bacrimin nitrogen iyo humus. Ka dib markii isagoo irises beeray, taasoo ka dhigeysa in dhulka u furan Yidhi Gadaashoodana waxaa ah waraabinta joogto ah iyo bacarimiso, ay ka saareen caws sida loogu baahan yahay.

Kursiga, dhirta, kuwaas oo waa in ay saddex ilaa shan sano oo kasta, sida jajabkii ka rhizome koraa saaray in ay dusha sare. Sababta oo ah aagga this siin hoos, oo ay joojiyaan in ay ubaxyada. Waxa kale oo ay keeni kartaa in horumarka irises cudurka.

Sida loo badin doonaa?

perennials waxaa lagu faafin karo labada by abuurka iyo vegetatively. Habka Seed loo isticmaalo in shaqada taranta oo helay hab la mid ah dhirta ku Bloom in 2-3 sano.

hab ka fudud oo ka awoodi karo in irises taranta - daaqsinka, halkaas oo warshad rootstock hooyada u qaybsan yahay iyo sirqoollada ka dib helay waxaa lagu beeray ciid ah. Repot iyo kala qaybin this dilka ugu fiican ka dib markii laba ama saddex toddobaad ka dib markii ubax. Beeray sirqoollada dusha iyo wax yar ka dhigin - si caaradda of rhizome waa dhulka ka sareeya. Too beerto qoto dheer cadhaysiiyaan horumarinta ubax iris cudurka iyo xataa sababi ay dhimasho. Helay hab this dhirta ee Bloom sannadka ugu horreeya ka dib markii la beero.

Calaamadaha cudurada iyo gacanta

dhirta Inta badan kooxdan yihiin si caddaalad ah u adkaysata cudurka, laakiin xaaladaha cimilada allifey oo dhaawacyo kala duwan rhizome irises socda cudurada laga yaabaa inuu dhaco:

1. Geterosporioz (kaalinta septoria), taas oo u muuqato in foomka of dhibco huruud ah ee kala duwan oo cabbirkooda, kala sooc lahayn loo qaybiyey in ka badan dusha oo dhan lamina. Iyada oo horumar dheeri ah oo dhibco cudurka jeedin brown iyo midowdo hal gelin. Warshad u muuqataa mid daciif ah, ubaxyada liidata iyo caleemaha qalalaan soo baxay. Geterosporioz horumarisa la deficiency ah calcium ciidda iyo fosfooraska. Its horumarinta keeni karaa roob muddo-dheer iyo huurka badan la socda. Laga soo bilaabo ubax iris cudurka ku jira marxaladaha hore ka caawisaa sprayings 0.4% xal of baaruud ah Kolloidol , ama 0,3% of oxychloride copper.
2. Bacteriosis (qudhmay oo qoyan) - cudurada ugu khatarsan, sidii si degdeg ah horumarinta. The "calaamadaha" ugu horeysay ee cudurka waa huruud iyo qallajinta ee caleemaha. Markaas, ku saleysan "Taageere", ka dibna ay saameeyeen waxa qudhmay rhizome oo leh ur xun sifo. Sababta oo ah bacteriosis waxaa laga yaabaa in degtey sax ahayn - wax lays xad-dhaafka ah ama meel aad u madow oo Waterlogging. At calaamadaha ugu horreeya ee soo gaartay cudurka this iyo baahida loo qabo in qodo ilaa dhirta si ay u soo saarto qaybta saameysey ee rhizome ah. meel Hab-"hawlaha" -KP, ka dibna wax kiciya koritaanka kasta. Ka dib markii rhizome this si fiican u la qalajiyey, ka dibna si gooni gooni ah daji inta kale ee dhirta ee ciidda qallalan, isagoo taxadir in aadan soo aaso.
3. Fusarium. In cudurkan, iris ay sii kordheysay iyo xataa Bloom, laakiin caleemaha marka hore doorsoon, ka dibna soo jeedin brown. Si looga hortago horumarinta cudurka, ka hor inta beerto rhizome fundazol nadiifinayo in xal 0.2% ilaa nus saac. Haddii aan ku dhuftay dhirta ubax ka yar biyaha waa xal isla fundazol rootstock.
4. Leaf gashatid dhici kara ay sabab u tahay xaaladaha cimilada saboolka ah. Calaamadaha ugu horeeya - dhibco midabka kala duwan iyo xajmiga caleemaha. Ogaanaya iyaga isla markiiba ku buufin dhirta cudurka waa xal 0.3% of oxychloride copper ama 1% Bordeaux halabuurka dareeraha.

ubax cayayaanka

saameyn ku yeelan kara cudurro iris iyo cayayaanka. Waxaa ka mid ah cayayaanka waa:

• Cricket, rhizomes jinigii faraxsan. Si aad wax ka qaban, waxaad isticmaali kartaa dhagaxyada sed gaar ah, iyaga aasi in dhulka ku wareegsan irises beerto.
• Kasatikovaya qaadada (qaboobaha). Diir of this feed cayayaanka rhizomes iyo dadka waaweyn ruugi salka jirridaha. weerar noocan oo kale ah ku kordhinaya horumarka irises bacteriosis. Muddadii ee koritaanka firfircoon ee midabada loo baahan yahay si ay u buufin laga soosaaray dacar: 10 litir oo biyo karkaraya galaas jiifay ash alwaax, qaado oo mid kasta oo ka mid ah saabuunta dareeraha ah iyo 300 g dhigtee. Weelka la cover xal iyo ka tago si nooga 5-6 saacadood. Isla markii in loo isticmaalo ku xereen. Waxaad kaloo isticmaali kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo soo saarka noolaha in lagu gadaa dukaamada qaaska ah.
• Iris gabar ubax, eg Daqsi ugu caadiga ah, xilliga qaboobaha dhulka, laakiin guga waxaa neefle oo ay dhigaan ukunta ay ubbooyinku waxay. Waxaa sidaas saamayn ku irises ah. Cudurada of ubbooyin iyo dhimashada waa ay sabab u tahay gudaha dirxiga si firfircoon quudinta. Ku dhuftay by qurun iyo buro, iyo, dabcan, waxa aan la kala diri. Khubarada ayaa soo jeediyay si loo hubiyo in lagu daweeyo dhirta oo dhan muuqaalka kore ee caleemaha, iyo sidoo kale in marxaladaha hore ee ka gaysashada cayayaanka gaar ah. burooyinkoodii ku dhaco waa in si deg deg ah ku jebi iyo baabbi'in.

Waxa intaa dheer in cayayaanka kuwaas, irises laga yaabaa in slugs saameeyeen, iyo jiriqsiga iyo May ee, wireworms, noocyada kala duwan ee thrips iyo nematodes.