Daroogada Anticholinergic: liiska. hab ay of tallaabo daroogada anticholinergic

daroogada Anticholinergic - waa daawooyin loo joojiyo tallaabada of neurotransmitter dabiiciga ah - acetylcholine - in receptors cholinergic. In suugaanta shisheeye, kooxdan oo ah daroogada loo yaqaan "delirianty" sabab u awood u leh inay keeni delirium.

qayb ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed

Horaantii, bartamihii qarnigii 20-, daroogada tallaabo anticholinergic loo isticmaalo daweynta ee obstructive pulmonary chronic cudurka iyo neefta, laakiinse waxay u bedelay daroogada dheeraad ah oo casri ah ka yar waxyeellooyin ka iman kara. Iyadoo horumarinta Farmashiiste, saynisyahano ay awoodaan si ay u horumariyaan holinoblokatory sida in aadan haysan liiska isla weyn oo waxyeelo. foomamka qiyaasta ayaa la soo hagaagtay, iyo ku dhaqanka daweynta cudurada sambabada ayaa mar kale codsatay anticholinergics. hab ay of action ah kooxdan oo ah daroogada waa halkii adag, laakiin waxa suurto gal ah si uu u sharaxo links ugu weyn.

Sidee holinoblokatory?

tallaabada ugu muhiimsan ee daroogada anticholinergic waxaa ka xanibeen receptors cholinergic iyo in ay adagtahay ee iyaga saameyn neurotransmitter - acetylcholine. Tusaale ahaan, in bronkie hor istaagay receptors ku yaalla muruqa siman.

dirka daroogada

Iyada oo ku xidhan receptors waxaa saamayn ku daroogada anticholinergic, liiska waxa loo kala qaybiyaa kooxaha:

• M-holinoblokatory (atropine, scopolamine, bromide ipratropium).
• holinoblokatory H (pentamine, tubocurarine).

Iyada oo ku xidhan selectivity ficilka:

• Central, ama non-xushay (atropine, pirenzepine, platifillin).
• Ugu sarreeya ama la xushay (bromide ipratropium).

M-holinoblokatory

Wakiilka ugu weyn ee kooxdan oo ah daroogada waa atropine. Atropine - dhimirka ah, kaas oo ku jira sida nightshade dilaaga ah, henbane iyo datura in dhirta qaar ka mid ah. feature ugu dhawaaqaa of atropine - maroojiska. Against soo jeeda ee ay tallaabo hoos cabirida xaalada muruqa dheefshiidka mareenka, kaadi haysta iyo sambabbada.

Atropine waxaa qoray afka, subcutant iyo intravenously. Its muddo garoomada ku saabsan yahay 6 saacadood oo isticmaalaya atropine dhibco duration ee kordhay in intii toddoba maalmood ah.

saamaynta pharmacological of atropine:

• ardayda furmo indhaha ay sabab u tahay saamaynta kobcinaya on muruqa wareeg ee iris ka - muruqyada iris ku nasato, siday u kala horreeyaan, ardayga waa uu furmaa taasoo. Saamaynta ugu badan waxay dhacdaa 30-40 daqiiqo ka dib ku keento gudahood.
• Curyaannimo hoyga - siku fidiyey iyo simay, daroogada anticholinergic soco isha waayo, riyada fog.
• garaaca wadnaha oo kordha
• Nasashada muruqyada siman ee bronkie, mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka, kaadi kaadida.
• qanjidhada gudaha hoos u dheecaan, sida bronki, dheefshiidka iyo dhididka.

Isticmaalka atropine

• In indhaha: daraasadda of fundus ah, qeexidda baadi Refractive.
• In wadnaha, atropine waxaa loo isticmaalaa bradycardia.
• In pulmonology isticmaalo daroogada anticholinergic in neefta.
• Gastroenterology, boog gastric iyo boog dyspepsia, giperatsidnom gastritis (by yaraynta dheecaan acid gastric qanjidhada dheefshiidka). Daawada waa wax ku ool ah in ay dhacdo calool xiidmaha.
• The atropine suuxinta loo isticmaalo sida premedication hor qalliin kala duwan.

Dhibaatooyinka ay keento atropine.

Lagu gartaa qallayl ee afka iyo cunaha, photophobia, aragga dhow, caloosha oo, ku adag tahay in Kaadida.

Atropine gabi ahaanba waa la ahaan uu u si ay u isticmaalaan in glaucoma ay sabab u tahay saamaynta cadaadis intraocular kordhay. Ahaan uu daroogada anticholinergic for Xukun la'aanta kaadida, sida nasasho muruqyada kaadiheysta. Anticholinergics u baahan tahay doorashada saxda ah ee kacmaha. In qiyaasood oo xad-dhaaf yimaado shaqeeyo sumowga, taas oo ah waxa lagu gartaa motor iyo kacsiga shucuureed, mydriasis, xabeeb, liqidda oo dhib ah, in heerkulka sara kaco. In dadka buka lagu sumoobo daran bilaabaan inay lumiyaan orientation in meel bannaan, mar dambe ma ay aqoonsadaan dadka ku wareegsan, muujiyey dhalanteed iyo dhibaatooyinkooda. Waxaa laga yaabaa in la horumariyo qalal in tagaan kooma, laakiin ay sabab u tahay curyaannimo ee xarunta neefsashada, dhimasho degdeg ah dhacdaa. Inta badan xasaasi u qaadasho badan carruurta - qiyaasta halis ah waa 6-10 mg.

Scopolamine qaab ahaan la mid ah atropine, laakiin in la barbardhigo waxa ay bixisaa saameynta badan inhibitory on habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha, ku simaha sida kabuubiso ah. hantida waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ku dhaqanka ee dawada - scopolamine waxaa loo isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo ah cudurada of nidaamka vestibular - wareer, wiiqmin oo yaraada iyo dheelitirka, si looga hortago in horumarinta badda iyo cudur hawada.

daroogada Anticholinergic ku jira ee "Aeron," daroogada ah in inta badan loo isticmaalo ka hor safar socda on diyaaradaha iyo maraakiibta. kiniiniyada Action ahaataa oo ku saabsan 6 saacadood. Waxaa foomka netabletirovannaya - habka daweynta ring - malaastaan, kaas oo la negaanaya on dhegaha iyo releases daroogada ka badan 72 saacadood. Dawooyinkan anticholinergic - lidka diiqadda, xaaladaha aad u horumarsan caawiyo inay si dhakhso ah kor u ruuxyada bukaanada ku jira buufis.

bromide Ipratropium ( "Atrovent") - bronchodilator ah. Marka isticmaalka neefsasho ficil ahaan ma u nuugo u beddelmi doonaa dhiig iyo waxyeelo ma laha systemic. Sababo la xanibaadda ee receptors cholinergic muruqyada siman ee bronkie dhigaysa ballaarinta. anticholinergics Kuwani heli karo sidii xal loogu talagalay daawada buufis ahaan, ama mitir ah iyo waa ku ool ah neefta bronki iyo COPD. Dhibaatooyinka ay keento - lallabo iyo afka oo qalala.

Tiotropium bromide - daroogada anticholinergic on guryaha la mid ah bromide ipratropium. Waxaa la soo saaray qaab oo ah budada for neefsasho. feature A ee kala duwan ee daroogada tani waa in ay tahay saameyn ka badan waarta on receptors cholinergic, sidaas daraaddeed, waa ka waxtar badan bromide ipratropium. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in bukaanka qaba COPD.

Platifillin - Araneus dhimirka. Si ka duwan anticholinergics kale, platifillin awood ku furmo xididdada dhiigga. Sababo la xiriira hantida this, waxaa jira hoos u dhac yar ee dhiig-karka. Daawada waxaa lagu sii daayo xal iyo dabada futada. Codso leh dubaaxin ee muruqyada siman ee xubnaha gudaha, beerka iyo kelyaha calool, neefta, iyo sidoo kale xanuun sababa dabac la boog gastric ba'an iyo boog dyspepsia. In platifillin dhaqanka ophthalmological loo isticmaalo qaab indhaha lagu dhibciyo ardayda u furmo.

Pirenzepine - door blocks unugyada caloosha in ay soo saaraan histamine ah. By yareynta sii daayo histamine yaraynaysaa qoondaynta of Aashito. The qaadasho daweynta caadiga ah, daroogada this ayaa gebi ahaanba saameyn ah kuma laha ardayda iyo garaaca wadnaha, si asal ahaan pirenzepine waxa laga soo qaatay hadal lagu daaweyn jiray boog gastric iyo boog dyspepsia.

holinoblokatory H (ganglionic)

hab ay of tallaabo waa in wakiilada anticholinergic kooxdan ka xanibeen innervation ah oo garawsi iyo dareemayaasha parasympathetic at qanjidhada yareeyo dheecaan ee adrenaline iyo noradrenaliin, joogsada excitation ee neefsashada iyo xarunta vasomotor. Waxaa intaa dheer, saamaynta weyn oo ka mid ah innervations dabacsanaadaan ama parasympathetic, tallaabada quful more Cad.

Tusaale ahaan, xaddiga ardayda xoog saamayn innervation parasympathetic - sida caadiga ah ardayda caadi cidhiidhi ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, holinoblokatory saamayn doonto habdhiska ku parasympathetic - sabab u ah ardayda waxaa loo la'egayah. Dhammaan marinnada dhiigga ee sarkhaansan yihiin habdhiska u dabacsanaadaan - daroogada la baabi'iyo saamayntiisa iyo furaaya xididdada dhiigga, taas oo ay sabab u tahay cadaadiska waa la dhimay.

H holinoblokatory hantidaan saamayn bronchodilatory iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa dabac bronki, yareeyo ohyahay kaadi haysta, sidaas darteed waxaa laga xilsaaray karaa anticholinergics kaadida oo dhib ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, daawooyinka, kuwaas oo hoos u qanjidhada dheecaan gudaha, iyo sidoo kale hoos u motility ee mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka. In dhaqanka caafimaad, loo isticmaalo saamayn ugu horrayn hypotensive, oo hantidaan anticholinergics kuwan. Liiska waxyeellooyin waa ballaaran:

• On qayb ka mid ah marinka dheef shiidka, afka oo qalala iyo calool.
• Laga soo bilaabo qaabka neefsashada, qufac, xajiin maxaliga ah oo lala kulmi karo.
• From CCC ah: arrhythmia, uurkuna waa muujiyeen. calaamadaha Kuwanu waa dhif iyo si fudud ciribtiray.
• Dhibaatooyinka kale waxaa laga yaabaa in hoos u gaara muuqaal, horumarinta foomka ba'an ee glaucoma, barar.

Sababo isticmaalka daroogada anticholinergic

• Diidmo in taagayo of atropine iyo qaybaha kale ee u diyaar garoowga.
• Uurka (gaar ahaan 1 bilood).
• Nuujinta.
• da'da carruurta ee (contraindication qaraabo).
• isticmaalka Absolutely ahaan uu daroogada ee gulukooma xagal-xidho in bukaanka qaba failure kelyaha waa lagama maarmaan in si taxadar leh ula socdaan gobolka of dhiigga iyo kaadida.