Dejinta ah "Goon": sifooyinka, kharashka iyo dhaawac gacan. Sidee nidaamka dab kubad "Goon"

Currently, ugu horyaal ee articles iyo wararka TV-ga ee la xiriirta khilaafka ee bariga Ukraine, waxaad maqli karo magaca qalab military sida rakibo of "Goon". Maqaallo gantaalo dhowr ah oo cajiib ah. Range diyaarad gantaal 20 km bixiyaan afartan hir dab tuubooyinka ku yaal salka "Ural-375" truck drive dhan-wheel. Si aad u taariikhda, nidaamka this mobile waa in adeeg in ka badan 50 dal. Oo tan iyo 1963, oo iyana waxay ahayd on adeeg shaqeeya Soofiyeeti, oo haatan been in ciidamada dalka Ruushka.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Fikradda ah ee soo koraya set oo ah gantaalo badan leh kala duwan oo in ka badan 20 km oo ay injineerada Soviet oo qaadataa ay asal ahaan ka soo 50s bartamihii qarnigii la soo dhaafay. rakiban Military "Goon" waxaa la soo saaray si uu u bedelo BM-14 Nidaamka. Fikradda ahayd in on jiifku ay gaari xamuul ah oo si fudud looga gudbi karo dhul adag, ku dhaqaaqaan in ay meel gabal madaafiic ah, buuxiyey oo la gantaallo.

In 1957, gantaal iyo madaafiic ay gacanta ugu muhiimsan (Grau) siiyey shuruudaha tixraaca xafiiska design Sverdlovsk si ay u horumariyaan mashiinka dagaal ah. Waxa daruuri ahayd in la qorsheeyo mashiin oo qaadi kara 30 ilaa hanuuniyo projectiles Waxyeelo qoto dheer. Ujeedada ayaa lagu gaarey by dhammaystirka gantaal ah - abuurka ah ee dusha cylindrical qalooca ah xasiliya dabada laabanto.

sameeysa gano loo doortay RI-147, kuwaas oo soo jeediyey technology ah ee soo saarta guryaha sida habka sawir kulul. Under bacdi ku AN Ganicheva iyo taageero Guddiga State ee shaqada Technology Difaaca ayaa waxaa bilaabay on abuurista gantaal ah. gano warhead Development baray GSKB-47, oo amar lagu gano engine - NII-6. NII-147 ayaa waxaa loogu tala galay qolof leh xasilinta isku qasan, iyo badhidiisa oo wareeg.

imtixaanka

Sanadkii 1960 ayuu sameeyay baaritaano dabka ee matoorada diyaaradaha qolofka. Iyadoo qayb ka ah geedka fuliyay 53 iyo 81 gubashada - sida imtixaanada heerka gobolka.

Imtixaanka ugu horeeyay waxaa la qabtay bishii March 1962 ee Leningrad. Grau ayaa loo qoondeeyey 2 gawaarida dagaalka iyo shan boqol oo gantaallo. baxsad qorshaysan ee 10 000 km ka yar mashiinka imtixaanka iyada oo aan dhaawac soo maray oo keliya 3380 km. Burburka reebtay by sii kordhaya dariiq dhexaad ka gadaal jiifku. Tani waxay kor u xasiloonida of mishiinka marka toogtay.

Ka dib markii badanoo reer ceebaha design ka mid ah Golaha Wasiirada waa la dhigay ee adeega iyo adeega 1963 rakibo "Goon" ah, sifooyinka of taas oo isla sanadkaas ayaa lagu soo bandhigay N. S. Hruschevu.

wax soo saarka The serial ah ee BM 21 ayaa la bilaabay bishii January ee sanadka soo socda. Sidoo kale sanadkii 1964, at dhoolatus millatari November tusay dadka loo xirxiro ugu horeysay. Tan iyo 1971, dhoofinta gantaalo, iyo mugga ahaa 124 baabuur, laakiin by 1995 tirada "Goon", lagu iibiyo 50 dal oo dunida ah, waxaa jiray in ka badan laba kun.

design

dagaal gaar ah sifooyinka farsamo "Goon" ayaa lagu gaari kharash ku dhismaha dhismaha, taas oo ka mid ah:

• Launcher;
• Freight gaari loading ku saleysan ZIL-131;
• nidaamka xakamaynta dabka.

projectiles mortarro Waxyeelo (dhexroor 122 mm) waxaa ku raran galay gabal madaafiic ah, oo ay matalayaan Hanuuniyaa 40, mid kasta 3 mitir on saldhig dhaqaajin karo. Guidance in la sameeyo waxaa laga yaabaa in ay jiif iyo diyaarada toosan via leewarka ama gacanta. kala duwan ee xaglo in toogashada ka siman - 102 ^bidixda ee gaariga ⁷⁰ iyo xaq; la taagan - 0 ilaa ⁵⁵ °.

channel foosto ayaa ku qalabeysan yahay jeexdin fur ah, kaas oo, marka lifaaqan bixitaanka soo dhaafay wareeg gano.

xawaaraha dhaq mashiinka - 75 km / h, iyo sida macquulka ah la qolofka eedeeyay dhaqaaqin. ganaax Vehicle uu leeyahay nidaamka xiritaanka taas oo ay meesha isticmaalka godadka taageerada hubka. Ka dib markii kubad ay si degdeg ah ka tagi karo booska, si aanay u heli dhacay weerar aargoosi ah. Waanwaanta toogashada lagu sameeyaa gacanta ah mashiinka oo kala duwan, qayb ka mid ah batteriga.

Iyadoo baaritaan design ee dagaalka jet gaariga, waxaad ka arki kartaa sida geedka "Goon".

wax hub hanuun saxda ah waxaa lagu gaarayaa by joogitaanka qalabka arkidda: Panorama Hertz reticle farsamo iyo K-1 a collimator, taas oo kordhinaysa xaddiga burburka in shuruudaha aragti saboolka ah.

qolof ugu horeysay ee

Gano nooca caasiyoobay shaqeeya Salvo dhismaha madaafiic, waxay ka kooban tahay 3 qaybood: Battle, engine iyo stabilizer. Warhead - laftiisa qolof leh fiyuus iyo amarka inay Cadha daraadeed. engine Jet ka kooban yahay qolkii biiyaha ah, iyo amarka budo ka suuroggalaan ah. Waayo, suuroggalaan of Qaraxshe ah, oo aad dhaqaajiso doonaa lacag lagu gano ah, ama codsatay elektrozalpy Pyrocartridges. Toogteen circuit korontada u xiran yihiin, iyo magaabay wiil ka soo nalalka incandescent Qaraxshe.

Gantaalaha 9M22 ahaa dhufays ugu horeysay oo ay soo rideen gantaalo badan "Goon". sifooyinka gano:

• ku qor:-qarxa sare;
• dhererka - 2,87 m,
• miisaanka - 66 kg,
• kala duwan oo ugu badnaan - 20.4 km, ugu yaraan - 1.6 km;
• xawaaraha duulimaadka - 715 m / s,
• miisaanka warhead - 18.4 kg, kuwaas oo saddex meelood oo meel - qarxa.

daahfurka A kacaan ahaa hal-abuurnimo Alexander Ganicheva. Wuxuu soo jeediyay hab ka mid ah soo saarta gano ah, taas oo ka koobnayd in laga soosaaray jidhka taarikada bir, ma in dhululubo fudud steel qeybaha sidii hore. Guul kale oo ka mid ah Designer Taliyaha NII-147 waxay ahayd abuurista collar a, jiidaya ku xasiliya dabada laga gano oo siinaya fursad ay ku in lagu meeleeyaa dhinacyada gantaal ah.

9M22 qolof bixisey lama filaan qaansada fiusaska MRI iyo MRI-U, oo lagu hagaajin karo in 3 tallaabo degdeg ah, deceleration waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar. Iyada oo guuldaradii ee diirada u fogfog gaaban saxnaanta siddo oo kala jejebiyey loo isticmaalo, tirada taas oo loo soo xulay si toos ah saamiyeed si ay meel fog ka.

Horumarinta gantaalo 9M22 hagaagtay sifooyinka farsamo "Goon". shaqaale Burburka at load buuxa "Castle" waxaa laga codsadaa in aagga si ay u 1,050 m ^2, iyo farsamo ay hasyo - in 840 m ^2.

wax soo saarka Serial ee gantaalaha bilaabay sanadkii 1964 at macdantu bir "Stamp" ah.

Kor u qaadidda awoodda dagaalka

Iyadoo horumarinta gantaal ugu horeysay inuu baabbi'iyo oo lagu cabudhinayo ciidamada cadowga loogu talagalay rakibaadda "Goon", sifooyinka (waxyeello gacan) waxaa had iyo jeer soo hagaagtay. Tusaale ahaan, noocyada soo socda ee qolofka lagu abuuray:

• Hagaagtay nooca rasaas sare-qarxa 9M22U, 9M28F, 9M521;
• nooca HE-kiimikada - 9M23 isku horyaalka caddaymaha M22S;
• hawadda - 9M22S;
• qiiq-soo saarka - 9M43, toban ka mid ah dhufays, kuwaas oo awood u abuuraya isku qariska badan meel ka mid ah 50 hektar,
• ka anti-anigaa caqabadaha - 9M28K, 3M16;
• RFI - 9M519;
• kiimikooyin sun ah - 9M23.

Dalalka kale in ay soo saaraan liisanka adag ama sharci-darro ah, sida dynamically soo koraya noocyo cusub oo qolofka.

dabka

nidaamka xakamaynta dabka kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u darbo oo keli ku margan. Pyrotechnic engine gantaal fiyuuska ka qayib matoor garaaca wadnaha, kaas oo la qalo karaa cab 21 marayo sanduuqa BM-qaybinta ah ama iyada oo loo marayo fog a mobile fogaan ah 50 m.

Muddada wareegga oo ka mid ah kubad buuxa 20 seconds ayaa la filayaa inuu "Goon". Features la xiriira heerkulka, kuwa soo socda: hawlgalka kala go 'waa la hubaa in marka heerkulku ka -40 ° C si +50 ° C.

Group The maamushaa rakibo ka kooban yahay Taliyaha a, iyo 5 caawiyeyaasha: askari, rakibayo fiyuuska, Radiotelephone / preload; dagaal baabuur darawal / preload iyo darawalka gaariga gaadiidka / preload ah.

gaadiidka Gaadiidka waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u fuliyaan qolofka on board go'an armaajo taagan.

casriyeynta

horumarka farsamada waxay u baahan tahay shaqo joogto ah oo ku saabsan casriyeynta ee hubka. Haddii kale, xitaa booska ugu awooda badan suuqa yaanay ka hallaabin.

gantaalo "Goon" 1986 ayaa la soo hagaagtay. Model BM-21-1 la sii daayay. Hadda dagaal salka gaari ku taallay jiifku ee "Ural". tuubooyinka guide Xidhmada hortagaa gaashaan kulaylka qoraxda. Sidoo kale waxaa jiray suurtagalnimada ee toogashada degdeg ah.

On ku salaysan gaariga GAZ-66B by yareynta tirada soo saaro qolofka fallaadhihii ilaa 12 rakibo fudud loo abuuray inay ciidamada hawada - BM-21 V.

On ku salaysan ee BM 21-1 ee hore 2000. Waxaan sameeyey shaqo la sii daayo ah gaadiidka dagaalka iswada - 2B17-1. Faa'iidada ee rakibaadda loogu kordhinayo - la'aan rasaas ah indhaha ku hanuuniyey iyo xisaab wax soo saarka. Taasi waa qeexid ee cadowga habka dhidibada navigation qabtaa.

Dagaal gaariga "xireenka" (BM-21PD) loogu tala galay in laga adkaado quusta si loo hubiyo ilaalinta soohdinta badda. Nidaamka shaqeeyaan laga yaabaa in lala SOONAARKA ama madax bannaan.

The adag "Prima", u abuuray in 80s ee, lahaa 50 la'u, laakiin ay sabab u tahay dhaqaale la'aan ahaa xaq uma laha in ay sii-soo-saarka.

Waxa la soo saaray MLRS "Goon" in Czechoslovakia, Belarus iyo Italy. version Yukreeniyaan ah ee BM 21 saarayaa jiifku Krae. Belarus "Goon-1A 'karo isku mar labo rasaas halkii mid ka mid ah. The Launcher nidaamka gantaal Talyaani (gaabiyo FIROS) waa ka duwan yahay in rasaasta waxay leeyihiin matoorada diyaaradaha kala duwan, taasoo keenta toogashada masaafada aan qummanaynu.

xisaabaadka military

Iyadoo dhamaadka dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, tartanka hubka si firfircoon uga sii. All guulihii sayniska ayaa loogu talagalay horumarinta wax soo saarka ee ciidamada. Qiimaha badeecada military bilaabeen inay soo baxaan dheeraad ah si degdeg ah ka badan intii lagu jiray dagaalka.

Price of hub casri ah sidoo kale waa mid aad u sarreeya. Mid ka mid ah gantaalada Launcher gano "Goon" qiimihiisu 600-1000 dollars. Kolkii la go'aansaday mashiinka dagaal ah (1963), kharashka gantaal uu ahaa mid u dhigma qiimaha laba baabuur "Volga". Iyo wax soo saarka mass of kharashka gantaalaha ahaa kaliya labo mushaaraadka injineer - 250 rubles (macluumaad ka filimka "Shock Force").

Kharashka ku rakibidda "Goon" - waa qarsoodi ah oo ganacsi. lagu qiyaasay hal magazine An British, Asxaabiga qiimaha "Castle" - "Cyclone" - waa $ 1.8 million (macluumaadka waxa laga soo qaatay majaladda "Phaeton", tirada arrinta 8, January 1996, bogga 117.).

Sida caleemaha ku rakibi "Goon"?

rasaas mabda'a of BM-21 waa inay isku hab ay of isticmaalka caanka ah "Katyusha" oo ku salaysan tahay nidaam ka cayrinta Salvo. In 40eeyaha ku projectiles madaafiic madfac had iyo jeer waa ka xoogbadan, in gantaal hal, taas oo u baahnaydeen sax iyo mass. Injineerada ay awoodaan in ay uga takhalusi lahaayeen this khasaaro isticmaalka gantaalaha ah dhowr dogob.

Maaddaama ay mabda 'hawlgalka ee la rakibo of kubad "Goon" in tallaabada - hub in burburin kara 30 hektar oo dhul cadowga, column ah qalabka military, jagooyinka bilaabo of gantaallo ah, batari hoobiye, unugyada sahayda. qolof A rasaas mashiinka dagaal this, ay ku dhinteen oo dhan nolosha gudahood gacan ka mid ah 100 oo mitir.

First ee dunida MRL ay ku dhaceen karaan bartilmaameedka ugu fog, - dejinta ee "Goon". Calaamadaha, gacan halligaadda dagaal gaari injineerada Soviet soo wanaagsanaadey ilaa iyo inta natiijada uusan haysan weecasho ugu badnaan gano ka bartilmaameed u ah 30 mitir. samaynta Dibadda u maleeyeen in saxnimada tan lagu gaari karaa fogaan ah oo aan ka badnayn 10 kiiloomitir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, abuurista USSR ku dhufto cadowga ka fogaan ah 40 km oo soo saarta 720 qolofka in 20 ilbiriqsi, taas oo u dhiganta 2 tan oo waxyaabaha qarxa.

codsiyada military

Tijaabada ugu horeysa ee dhaqanka qalafsan "Goon" waxaa la qabtay 1969, inta lagu guda jiro khilaafka u dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo USSR. Isku dayga in ay jebiyaan cadowga oo garaacayaa soo baxay ciidamada oo wata ee Sino-Soviet taangiyada ku guuldareysatay, oo weliba, Chinese ka qaadeen jilicsan T-62 ah, taas oo ahayd qaab qarsoodi ah. Sidaa darteed, in koorsada tegey qolofka qarxa laga soo warshad "Goon" ah, oo baabbi'iyeen cadowga iyo sidaas si loo soo afjaro colaadda.

In sano ee 1975-1976. gaari dagaal loo adeegsaday Angola. deegaanka Hawlgallada ku jira colaadaan waxaa aan la xilliyo gaar xidhan dagaal u dhexeeya columns gaarey dhinaca. Sidaas habkaani ah "Castle" ee xaqiiqda ah in goobta shilka ee gano sameeyay "ellipse dhintay", sidaas column ah ciidamada, taas oo ah kor u line dheereeyey in dagaalka ka socda Angola ayaa noqday bartilmaameedka ugu saxsan.

In Afghanistan, waannu ku toogtay ka "Castle" dab si toos ah. dagaal jejniya ayaa sidoo kale si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa gaadiidka millatariga ah.

"Goon" of our time - waa saabsan 2500 unugyada, hub ciidan ee ciidanka Ruushka. gaadiidka dagaalka ayaa laga dhoofiyey in 70 dal tan iyo 1970. Waxaan ma ay tegin lama dareemo BM-21 ee dagaalada hubaysan oo adduunka ah, in Nagorno Karabakh-, Taiwan and, Soomaaliya, Syria, Liibiya iyo bilawga dhawaan mucaaradka ah ee bari ee Ukraine.

sifooyinka xeelad iyo farsamo ee rakibo "Goon"

Awoodaha iyo xuduudaheedu nidaamka ayaa loo bixiyaa ka-BM 21.

• Jiifku - Ural-375.
• Power Engine - 180 l. a.
• Cabirka, m:
  - width - 2.4;
  - Length - 7,35;
  - ugu badnaan height - 4.35.
• Miisaanka, oo tan:
  - la qolofka - 13.7;
  - BM uncharged - 10.9.
• xawaaraha ugu badan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa, km / h - 75.
• Rasaas, gogo '. - 120 gantaallo.
• Booskan mm - 122.
• meesha dhaawaca, ha:
  - farsamooyinka 1.75;
  - shaqaale 2,44.
• Dhererka hago, m - 3.
• Tirada Hanuuniyaa stem, kumbiyuutarada. - 40.
• waqti Salvo Full, la - 20.
• kala duwan oo ka cayrinta, m:
  - ugu badnaan - 20 380;
  - ugu yaraan - 5000.
• waqti u dhacna meel toogashada ah, min. - 3.5.

MLRS Maanta soo saaray JSC "MZ". Base taagan baabuur "Ural-4320". The baarka cusub soo bandhigay goobta Jooloojiyadda goboleedka, bandhigay ah meesha electronic map Mudanayaasha, awood u leh inay galaan xogta galay fiyuuska.

Waxaan doonayaa in aan rumaysan iyo rajeynaynaa in la rakibo of "Goon" (astaamaha, qaab-dhismeedka, qaabka hawlgalka) ahayd lagama maarmaan iyo xiiso leh in jiilka ka yar sida xareeyo cilmi, laakiin ma aha, waayo, burburinta magaalooyinka iyo qaddar ee dadka!