Duulimaadka ugu horeeya ee walaalaha Wright: bilowgii taariikhda duulista

Maxaad dadka soo duulaan sida shimbiraha? Su'aashani waxay ka tarjumaysaa dheer-taagan riyo aadanaha samada on dayuurada. Si aad u soo qaado, dadka sameeyey in ay is baal iyo isku dayeen in ay duusho, iyaga booska. Inta badan tijaabo waxay ku dhamaadeen dhimashada geesi ah. Ha noo xusuusataan kaliya Halyeeyga qadiimiga ah Icarus ...

Arrinta of duulimaad waa artist iyo hindisa aad u xiiso iyo xariif Leonardo da Vinci, kuwaas oo bartay qaab-dhismeedka ee Shimbiraha, baalashooda. Waxa uu isku dayay in la dhiso dabeecadaha carar. xitaa wuxuu u sameeyey sawiro of diyaaradda - noocooda ah ee helicopter ah oo casri ah.

Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda qabsashadii samada

Marka ugu horeysa ninkii u suurtagashay in ay fuulaan daruuraha ku buufin. Waxay ahayd November 21, 1783. buufin buufin-hawada soo hindiseen walaalaha Montgolfier, ka soo gaaray laba qof oo si height ah 1 km iyo ku dhowaad nus saac ka dib si nabad ah ay u soo degay fogaan ah 9 km.

In 1853, D. Keighley dhisay dayuurad yar ugu horeysay fudud in aysan awoodin in ay qofka kor hawada. Tan iyo dhismaha gliders si joogto ah hagaagtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwan oo duulimaad oo muddo kor u kacay. Waxay ahayd guul weyn, maxaa yeelay, dayuurad yar ay ka culus tahay hawada. Laakiin riyadii of free ah, madax banaan doonista Dabaysha, ay gacanta ku horyaalka shaqsi aan weli la ogaaday.

Tani qabsan karo, kaliya Bratya Rayt (1903), abuurista ay diyaaradaha ugu horeysay. Guushoodii la goostay by arrimo badan, oo ay ku jiraan tayada qofka.

Bratya Rayt: Biography A

Brothers Wilbur iyo Orvill Rayt ku dhashay Maraykanka qoyska mehrin ee. The qiyamka kaniisadda Protestant, gelin madaxa hawl kasta oo ay adag tahay guul, ay ayaa laga tallaaley tan iyo yaraantaadii. qaab in ka caawiyay inay gaaraan hadafkooda ayna u dhisaan ugu horeysay adduunka ee diyaaradaha la engine ah. Wax yar ka raaceen, oo dhibic xiddigtii - duulimaadka ugu horeeya ee walaalaha Wright. Laakiin waxay lahaayeen waxbarasho sare ma aha oo kaliya, xataa dugsi sare oo ay awoodi waayeen in ay ku dhameysan ay sabab u tahay xaaladaha nolosha. Wilbur ayaa ku dhaawacmay iyo in aan University Yale tegi karin. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu ka shaqeeyo ganacsiga daabacaadda, Orville. Markaasaa waxaa jiray been abuurtay hore ee walaalaha Wright - warbaahinta daabacaadda ee uu design gaar ah.

In 1892, walaalaha furay ganacsiga dukaan baaskiil in waqti gaaban abuuray garaash ah, oo mar dambe la aasaasay sii daayo. Laakiin waqtiga firaaqada oo dhan waxay leeyihiin duulimaad oo gooni loo sooco. In dhamaadka, waxa soo baxa ka soo harta iibka ee baaskiillada oo wuxuu siiyey lacag tijaabo badan Abuuridda diyaaradaha ugu horeysay.

U diyaar garowga horyaalka ugu horeysay, farsamo cajiib ah

walaalaha yihiin kuwo aad u culus xiiso fikradda ah ballooning. Waxay bartay dhammaan qoraalada la heli karo waqtiga duulimaadka, wax badan oo tijaabinayaan. Waxaan dhisay dhowr gliders iyo iyaga duulay, natiijooyinka laga gaari fiican. Si loo kordhiyo xoog u qaadeen garabka, ee tijaabo aan dhammaadka lahayn qaadeen shakhsi abuuray ee tunnel dabaysha. Imtixaanka gaadmada ah oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah garabka iyo garbaha rafaasad ah.

Sidaas darteed of aanlarabin lagu sameeyey caanaha ee go'aaminta wiishka.

Ugu dambayntiina, fududee awoodda petrol engine of 12 hooras waayo, diyaarad, sidoo kale, waxay naftooda u sameeyey Bratya Rayt. Sida this dambe ma xusuusan Velikogo Leonardo, ka hor inta uusan waqtiga!

diyaarad ugu horeeyay ee walaalaha Wright

In afartii sano in ay dhibtu tan iyo bilowgii tijaabo la hooskeeda iyo gliders, walaalaha waa u bislaaday ee dhismaha diyaaradaha maamula. diyaarad ugu horeeyay ee walaalaha Wright loo yaqaan "Flyer". airframe la sameeyey of gran, rafaasad ah ayaa sidoo kale la xardhay ka mid ah qoryo. Iyada oo miisaanka ah 283 kg baal xaaqi qalab ahaa 12 m.

In view of engine ah, vesivshego 77 kg oo waa ka xoogbadan, ee oolnimada heli karo halka analogues, diyaaradaha ugu horeysay ku kici abuuray ay ka yar tahay $ 1,000!

Duulimaadka ugu horeeya ee Brothers Wright ah '

Baaritaanku wuxuu muhiimad diyaaradaha cusub ayaa waxaa la qorsheeyay December 1903. Labada walaalo ah, dabcan, waxay noqon lahayd ugu horreeyey. Dhibaatadu waxay, waxay go'aansadeen mid aad u fudud - dhajisan qadaadiic ah. In tijaabo ugu horeysay adduunka ee la dhacay Wilbur. Laakiin isagu ma uu ahaa nasiib. diyaarad ma uu karin inuu sameeyo diyaarad, tan iyo markii ay si degdeg ah ka dib markii duushay burburtay oo uu ku dhaawacmay.

isku day xigta hore u sameeyey Orville. December 17, oo ay dabayshii oo madax ka ah 43 km / h a, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay kor u unugga hawada si height ah oo ku saabsan 3 mitir, iyo hay 12 ilbiriqsi. Buuxinta fog dayuurada ahaa 36.5 m.

On maanta walaalaha markeeda dhigay 4 duulimaad. la soo dhaafay waxay iyaga ka mid ah, marka diyaaradda lagu tijaabiyay by Wilbur, socday muddo ku dhow daqiiqadii. Masaafada A ahaa in ka badan 250 m.

Qaab daran oo ku filan, duulimaadka ugu horeeya ee walaalaha Wright ma soo jiidato dareenka dadweynaha, inkasta oo qiray shan qof.

Jirin diyaarad?

Maalintii xigtay, ka dib markii duulaya ah wargeysyada yaryar daabacay warar ku saabsan oo keliya, qalad dembaabay iyo maray lama dareemo. Oo Dayton, Nebina dalkiisa ka mid ah aviators ugu horeysay, haddii ay dhacdo cajiib this dhab ahaantii guud ahaan tag lama dareemo.

Laakiin dheeraad ah oo ku adag tahay in la sharxi xaqiiqada ah in mid ka mid ma dareentay in diyaaradda "Flyer II" ee horay 105 duulimaad ayaa la dhigay in ka badan sanadka soo socda! The saddexaad "Flyer" taas oo walaalo ah ayaa waxaa sidoo kale duulaya agagaarka Daytona, mar kale ma ay helin dareenka ah ee dadweynaha.

Waxaa intaa dheer, in 1906, wargeyska mid daabacay maqaal cinwaankiisu yahay "Flyer ama beenaale ah?", Kaas oo ku eryaa madaxda shaki on guulaha walaalaha Wright.

Waxa ay ahayd oo kale caws buu la soo dhaafay taas oo horseeday in go'aanka si ay u muujiyaan dunida awood aad ku maamusho duulimaad on unugga, taas oo ka culus tahay hawada. Iyo 1908, diyaarad ka mid ah walaalaha Wright ayaa gaadiid guud ahaan Badweynta Atlaantik. Waxay fuliyeen ah duulimaad bandhig: Wilbur - in Paris iyo Orville - oo dalka Mareykanka ah.

Brothers xataa abaabulay dhacdooyinkii inay iska iibiso uu been abuurtay, cadeeyay inuu yahay arrin guul. Ka sokow Horseedka ballooning warkiisii, ay heleen oo ku qanacsan tahay wax. Duulimaadka ugu horeeya ee walaalaha Wright maqlayo ahaa si lagu qanci karo in dawladda Maraykanka heshiis iyaga oo leh, taas oo article miisaaniyadda gobolka for sahayda ee diyaaradaha ayaa lagu soo daray 1909 ee dagaalka ku saxiixay. Waxay bixisaa wax soo saarka ee dhowr tobanaan diyaaradaha.

Shilkan ayaa ka horeysay

Nasiib darro, duulimaadka bandhig dadweynaha ugu horeysay Dayuurad, iyo calaamadeeyay ugu horeysay ee taariikhda duulista musiibada.

Taasi waxay dhacday bishii September 1908. Orville Wright "Flyer III of", kaas oo lagu rakibay kursiga dheeraad ah, ka qaadeen saldhig milatariga ee Fort Myer. Sidaas darteed, failure of diyaarad engine xaq u tagay ay ugu sarreysey, waxa uu awoodi waayay inuu simo. Rakaabka - Lt. Thomas Selfridge - dhintay sabab u ah dhaawacyada cranial helay markii garaacid dhulka. Orville qudhiisu baxsaday jab ah hip iyo feeraha.

Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, heshiiska ayaa waxaa lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo ciidamada. Iyo inuu maamuuso Wright oo walaalo ah in la ogaadaa in ay tani tahay shil halis ah oo kaliya dhacay sanadihii la soo dhaafay iyaga la.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1909, Cararid tijaabo ah oo ku agagaarkeedii Paris shil ku dhintay a Faransiis Aviator Lefebvre, arday ka mid ah walaalaha Wright. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta Russia durbaba diyaar u yahay inuu saxiixo heshiis ah ee siinta ee diyaaradaha, dayriyay.

Horumarinta ee duulista

Like daahfurtay badan oo waaweyn Dadka, diyaaradaha ayaa ugu horeysay ee loo isticmaalo ujeedooyinka militeri. Diyaaradaha ayaa marka hore bilaabay in la isticmaalo ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka qaab sahan cirka ah. waxaa lagu guda jiray, waxaa u cadaatay in diyaaradaha waa la beddelaa ciidan amaanaa haddii ay qabaan in ay qaadaan hubka iyo bambooyinka.

The wan hawada ugu horeysay ayaa sidoo kale soo saaray intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka, pilot Ruush Petrom Nesterovym.

Dagaalka ka dib, diyaaradaha bilaabay in loo isticmaalo gaadiidka sahayda xaaladaha degdegga ah, ugu horrayn mail. Ka dibna, waxaa jiray diyaaradaha rakaabka. Dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, iyo jawi ka dabacsan oo adduunka ah ayaa keentay in duulimaadyada dadka safarka ah.

In dhamaadka, horumar ah ee gaadiidka hawada ayaa diiday, shuqullada badda iyo waddooyinka tareenka badan. xawaaraha ahaa faa'iido ugu weyn ee duulista, gaar ahaan dhalashada of diyaaradaha supersonic.

Orvill Rayt, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 77 da'doodu tahay ee 1948, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u arkaan sida diyaaradda ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalo in dunida. Uilbur Rayt noqday dhibane Harar ee 1912.

diyaarad ugu horeysay ee Wright walaalo hadda meedka meesha sharaf at Qaranka Aviation Museum iyo barnaamijka meel Maraykanka. Waxa uu ka fiican ma loo yaqaan "Flyer I", iyo sidoo kale "Kitty Hawk" - horyaalka meeshii ugu horeysay ee uu qaaday in ay hawada, iyo sidaas furay xilligii of furasho hawada badda.