Maxaad xaaladda gaarka ah ee Sevastopol? Taariikhda Sevastopol. xaaladda Sevastopol ee USSR

From Sevastopol ee Giriigga macnaheedu yahay "magaalada caanka ah". Goobtani waxa ay baasana qarniyo badan ka hor. Sidaas daraaddeed, xitaa shan boqol oo sano ka hor xilligii Christian waxaa uu Gariig ahaa - magaalada caanka ah ee Hersonissos. doorashada ee goobta this ahaa ay sabab u tahay arrimaha soo socda: on xeebta Badda Madow si aad u hesho bay ku haboon.

horumarinta dheeraad ah

Mid ka mid ah boqol iyo laba iyo toban sannadood ka hor inta aannu ka qabno waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by galo Chersonesus ee gobolka Pontic-Bosporan, ka dibna waxa ay qayb ka mid ah Rayaale weyn noqday - Roman. Ka dib markii dayrta ee magaalada ee la soo dhaafay hoos garabka of Byzantium yimid. Hersonissos ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday columns Byzantine wakiil xarunta ay gacanta on xeebta Badda Madow. Si degdeg ah u horumariyo ganacsiga iyo warshadaha. amiirradii Ruush horeysay maqlay Hersonissos, dib marka ay la odhan jiray Korsun (cc IX-XIII.).

In qarniyadii afar iyo tobnaad-shan iyo taariikhda Sevastopol ayaa gaaray kacaanka cusub, waxaa magaalada ka guulaystay by Turkiga iyo lumay ay muhiimadda, sababta oo ah waxay si fudud u ahaa ma xiiso taliyayaashii cusub. magaalooyinka Port ma ahaayeen xarumaha maamulka, oo meelahoodiina wuxuu ka qaaday by degsiimooyinka ee xarunta of Jasiiradda. Sidaas daraaddeed, Bakhchisaray helay xaaladda caasimadda Khan ah, muhiimad gaar ah ahaayeen-AK masaajidka (ka 1748 in Simferopol) iyo Karasubazar. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah fog badda ka ahaayeen.

wax kasta oo isbedel

Ka dibna, Crimea qayb ka mid ah Empire Ruush noqday. In 1783 Catherine II amray in dhismaha magaalada on goobta tuulada Akhtiar, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee Korsun (Chersonese).

Maxaad xaaladda gaarka ah ee Sevastopol? Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in tan iyo markii la aasaasay ayaa door ka ciyaaray oo dhan saldhigga ugu weyn ee Badda Madow Fleet. Magaalada ayaa had iyo jeer lahaa ahmiyad ciidan iyo siyaasadeed ee weyn.

Afar sano ka dib markii formation of xaaladda Sevastopol dambeyntii dalku, magaalada waxay bilaabeen inay matalaan dekedda ah ciidamada badda ee xubnaha waaxyaha maamulka rayidka ah waxaa lagu wareejiyay Crimea. Sidaas darteed, 1767 waxaa jiray kala magaalada aagga Taurian iyo Xisaabtiisu dekadaha badda ee muhiimka u ah qaranka. Taariikhda Sevastopol ayaa xaqiiqo dhab ah oo cusub, waayo, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Qoomow dhamaystiran St. Petersburg oo noqday degmada u gaar ah maamulka. Magaalada ayaa waxa meesha ka maamulka badda. Dabcan, waxaa la maamulo ka St. Petersburg.

Iyo labaatan saddexaad ee February 1804, Emperor Alexander I soo saaray amar ah in xaaladda gaarka ah ee Sevastopol sida dekedda weyn ee ciidamada badda. Xaaladdan oo kale, a maraakiibta ganacsiga fudud waxa laga reebay, si ay u soo galaan. Reebban ahaayeen oo kaliya u dulqaadan musiibo maxkamadda. Ka dib markii dayactir ah ayaa looga baahan yahay inay si degdeg ah ka tago dekedda.

Soddonaad ee April 1809 ayaa la kordhiyay xaaladda magaalada ah. Sevastopol sidoo kale noqday ee Badda Madow ah qalcadda ugu weyn. Tan iyo waa calanka ururinta dalka isla Viborg, Kronstadt iyo Sveavorg.

baabba 'waxashnimo

In 1853, dillaacay of War Crimean ah. Cadaawayaashiinna ayaa aloosnayd Sevastopol - magaalo of badmaax - in ka badan saddex boqol iyo afartan sagaal maalmood. Sidaas darteed, waxa uu ku beddelay arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee, iyo waxa la - oo dhan raxan Badda Madow (waxaa lagu dhex tiimbadeen weerarkii lagu qaaday amarka Admiral Nakhimov). In 1856, War Crimean ah ka dhammaadeen. Peace of Paris la saxiixay. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumintiga, Russia mar kale mamnuuc in uu abaabulo raxan ee Sevastopol. Ilaa 1871, wuxuu ahaa saldhiga magaalada suuqa iyo caadooyinka a. Ka dib markii la joojiyo heshiiska caalamiga ah ee kor ku xusan Alexander II soo celiyo xaaladda Sevastopol sida dekedda dhexe ee ciidamada badda ee Boqortooyada ku saabsan Badda Madow. 1875 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by dhismaha wadooyinka tareenka ka St. Petersburg iyo Moscow xira Sevastopol. In 1891, dhismaha ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey Vladimir Church, oo sannad ka dib yimid helitaanka museum Chersonesos. Sidaas daraaddeed, by 1894, magaalada ayaa gebi ahaanba dib loo soo celiyo xaaladdooda. saldhiga Ciidamada Bada ee Sevastopol dib ay muhiimadda hore. Kaydka ma admiralty madhan, waxaa jiray dhismaha maraakiibta dagaalka ee fasalada kala duwan (xitaa dagaalka).

soocin

Waxaa xusid mudan in jaakad gaarka ah ee hubka ayaa lagu ansixiyay Sevastopol. Its feature soocayaa maamulaha ahaa muhiimadda qaran cad. None of magaalada, astaanta gobolka ama gobolka aan ku faani karta. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaa loo sawiray in gaashaan cas (sida ee caasimada), oo ka danbeeya - laba gudbay barroosinnadii midabka dahabka (sida magaalooyinkii dekedda weyn, tusaale ahaan, in St. Petersburg). Sida Astaanta la doortay Griffin - sida Golaha Romanov, laakiin ma cas on duurka oo lacag ah, laakiin on lid ku ah, in ay calaamad taariikhiga ah halkii ay ka xigta a generic, dhalay ama saldanadii. Tani waa xaqiijin ah ee xaaladda military-taariikhiga ah ee magaalada.

Sidaas sababta xaaladda gaarka ah ee Sevastopol, xataa iyadoo ay jirto in uu tixgeliyaa xoog ah fasalka saddexaad? Ka dib oo dhan, ayuu kaliya ma lahayn difaaca oo ku filan si loo kordhiyo heerka! In kasta oo qalcado ma hodan iyo qalabka farsamada ee Russia Sevastopol (square magaalada - sagaal iyo toban kun oo hektar) waxaan mar walba ahaa mid aad u muhiim ah. Wax walba waxaa si fudud u sharaxay, waayo, waa kaliya ee weyn ee qalcado on boundary oo dhan badda ee gobolka koonfurta.

jihada cusub

Tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, dalxiisayaal badan oo bilaabay in ay xiiseynayaan in Badda Madow. Sevastopol bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan miciinka u. hotels badan oo dhisay, guryaha la seexdo. Waxaa furitaanka Institute Romanovsky ah hababka jirka ah ee daaweynta ee 1914. Professionals ayaa si firfircoon uga sahamisay saameynta hawada, dhoobo iyo badda qubeyska ee Crimean on caafimaadka dadka. Saldhiga noolaha si taxadar leh bartay ku dubato iyo flora ee Badda Madow. Later, hay'ad la beddelaa xarun cilmi baaris oo waaweyn. At salkeeda la furay Aquarium kalluunka badda. Waayo, Russia, waxay ahayd cibaaro ah.

Markaasaa jinnigii u kacaan

Sevastopol ayaa hadhay ka dhacdooyinkii kacaanka ugu horeysay ee Russian durkaan. Sida aad ogtahay, on markab dagaal ah "Potemkin" ee June 1905 kibir tara oo calanka cas, oo bishii November ee sanadkan on maraakiibta ka tirsan Badda Madow Fleet, kacdoonkii by Lieutenant Schmidt keentay. Wax yar ka dib caasinimo la baabi'iyay, iyo dilaaliinta ay filayaa dil.

SOFHURA

Russia ayaa ku soo galeen dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka ka dhacay 1914. Dabayaaqadii October, markab Jarmalka "Goeben" toogtay Sevastopol. weeraro cadowga ayaa ka dhiidhiyaan markab "Georgiy Pobedonosets" iyo batariyo xeebta. Ruush Navy, si geesinimo leh dhibaatooyin soo kabsaday, ayaa ka guulo dagaalka biyihii Badda Madow on.

Sidaas darteed macdanta taxadir ka mid ah cadowga Bosphoru Strait laga badiyay hal minelayer, oo isku ah boqol iyo labaatan motor iyo shiraaca schooners, iyo sidoo kale ahaa kow iyo gaadiidka. markab dagaal The kor ku xusan "Geben" Suurka ay miinooyinka iyo tobnaad December 1914.

Guud ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro in dadaalka Badda Madow Fleet mahad World First Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey by maraakiibta Turkish iyo konton iyo saddex boqol iyo maraakiibta kale. In 1915, waxaa la kaabaya laba dagaalka, shan squadrons ee ku baabbi'inaya, lix quusta iyo laba hawada la seaplanes on board.

doorka A weyn ee guusha raxan Ruushka loo xilsaaray in ay Admiral Kolchak. Markaasuu wuxuu soo kaxaystay amarka raxan ee 1916. Admiral hindisay qorshe lagu soo qabto weerarrada Bosphoru iyo Istanbul, laakiin fikrado ma uu soo saaro kacaanka ah ee 1917.

xaaladda Sevastopol ee USSR

Haraadiga ciidanka White ayaa la daadgureeyay magaalada ka bishii November 1920. habka Command qaaday General Wrangel. Wada jir ah ula ciidamada ka tagay Sevastopol oo doonniyaha Black Sea Fleet ee la soo dhaafay. Laga soo bilaabo tan bilaabaa taariikhda Soviet ee magaalada. Isla mar ahaantaana soo noolaaday Red Fleet. Mar kale waxa ay noqotay hawl Sevastopol Marine Plant. Waxa uu fuliyaa amarada dayactirka iyo dhismaha maraakiibta. Abuur Maraakiib badan oo casri ah, xoojiyey difaaca ee magaalada xeebta, airfields dhisay iyo batariyo xeebta.

xaaladda Sevastopol ee USSR ka soo kabsaday. ayay magaaladii haddana u noqday xarunta badda ee ugu muhiimsan, waxaa si firfircoon loo dhiso ka dib markii burburka ee dagaalka. In 1926, Fine Arts Museum iyo Drama Tiyaatarka la furay. In u dhow magaalada sameeyay beeraha khamri. Waqtigaas, magaalada la degganaa by saabsan a boqol oo kun oo qof (haddii aad ka mid ah ayaa baxriyiintii).

Mar kale, dagaalka ...

Durba si fiican-la aasaasay nolosha nabad ah oo magaalada kala gooyey by bilowgii dagaalkii Great Patriotic. Labaatan iyo labaad ee June 1941 degan Sevastopol arkay afar diyaaradaha cadowga, duulaya samada qasan. Waxay bilaabeen in subaxdii la 3.15 shan iyo toban dura daqiiqo. diyaarad kastaaba wuxuu lahaa laba miino magnetic hoose si loo joojiyo bixitaanka ka dekedda magaalada. Ciidamada Badda Fleet Black jawaabay dab madaafiicda cadowga. Saacad ka hor Shacabka commissar of Sea Fleet Navy Black Kuznetsov amray inay sheegi tirada diyaar hawl mid. Sidaas darteed riyadiisii qorshaha cadowga in ay si buuxda miino ka mid ah Baay iyo burburinta weelashii hor istaagay ahaa careysan. Kaliya saddex ka mid ah siddeed miino hoos ku rajo weyn ku dhacay.

amarka Jarmal go'aansaday inuu mar kale weerari Sevastopol. map City ayaa soo jeedinaya in this waxaa la samayn karaa xitaa ka ah xeebta. Ciidamada faashistihii ku guulaysteen in ay jabiyay ilaa Crimea ee September kow iyo afartan. hareeraysnayd October 29 magaaladuna waxay ahayd, iyo maalinta ku xigta ciidamada Jarmal isku dayeen in ay qabsadaan. First kulmay cadowga batari konton afraad ee Badda Madow Fleet ah. Waxay ku dhuftay column kow iyo kaxaynta gaadhi amray by General von Manstein. Ku dhowaad waqti isku mid ah ayaa ku biiray ciidamada Marine Corps si deg deg ah sameeyay of badmaax oo ka Maraakiibta iyo arday ah Academy Naval ah. Waxaa bilaabay difaaca si dhab ah geesinimada ah ee magaalada. Waxaa socday muddo laba boqol iyo konton maalmood. Ciidamada Soviet hor joogsaday cadaadiska cadowga, iyo dalkooda aan laga dhaliyay.

Ka dib markii failure this of Command Sare Jarmal fulisay saddex isku day oo dheeraad ah si magaalada u qabsadaan by November 11, iyo December sanadkii 17 afartan hore iyo afartan labaad June 7th.

Shasenem - taariikhyahan Faransiis - ayaa xisaabiyay, in ka badan shan iyo labaatan maalmood ee la soo dhaafay weerarku 250-maalin ee Sevastopol ee Jarmalka ayaa hoos u bambooyin sida ugu badan ee England si ay u Germany muddo laba sano ah oo ah colaadaha.

Ka dib guuldaradii ka mid ah naasiga hore Crimean ay awoodaan in ay ka gooyay oo dhan biyaha oo ka mid ah Caucasus iyo Sevastopol. Sayidka, magaalada hareereeyey oo waxaa hadhay oo aan cunto. Dagaalo for Sevastopol ahaayeen ka hor afaraad ee July, iyo meelaha qaarkood - si ay u laba iyo tobnaad, xitaa ka hor inta ciidamada Soviet uma aan iman inaan rasaas la joojiyo. About toddobaatan kun oo askari, askari iyo ragga baxriyiinta ah ayaa la qabtay, maxaa yeelay, iyagu ma ay guuraan ayaa laga yaabaa.

difaaca Sevastopol lahaa muhiimadda siyaasadeed iyo ciidan la dafiri karin intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. Maxaa laga qabtay si ay dagaalyahanada geesinimada? Waxay hor istaagay tiro badan oo ciidamada Romania iyo Jarmal, keenaayo qorshayaasha of amarka faashistihii. The "weerarkii guga" caanka ah ee Jarmalka ayaa la carqaladeeyey, oo ay ku jiraan in ay sii dhiirranaaday ee Sevastopol mahad. gaadhista birta ay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Jarmalka khasaare aadanaha iyo wax cajiib ah (siddeeddii bilood ee ugu horreeya ee la hareereeyo la burburiyay afar taangiyada cadowga, sagaal diyaaradaha, qaar badan oo ka mid ah qoryaha dagaalka, iyo saddex boqol oo kun oo askari oo ku dhaawacmay ama ku dhintay). Intaa waxaa dheer, cadaawayaashaada adkaaday ee xawaaraha iyo waqtiga.

Bishii Abriil, afar iyo afartan bilaabay socodka ah ee xoreynta Sevastopol. April shan iyo qaybta sare ee Yukreeniyaan ee Front 4aad suurtagashay in ay hesho si ay ugu khadadka daafaca ee magaalada. Sapun Mountain, kaas oo noqday meel jagooyinka muhiimka ah ee difaaca Jarmalka, waa la qaatay May askartii toddobaad badda iyo ciidammadoodii 51th. Ninth May 1944 ayaa waxaa ugu dambeyntii sii daayay magaalada. At Cape Chersonese, askari Soviet qabteen haraadiga ciidamada Nazi.

Tan iyo May 1965 Sevastopol - Hero City. Taariikhda ayaa muujiyay in uusan waxba xaaladda qalcado weyn oo wax dalka.

kabashada

Dagaalka dhamaaday, laakiin waxa aan ahaa oo dhan imtixaanka la soo maray iyada oo dadweynaha ee magaalada. Sevastopol lahaa in dib loo soo celiyo. Tani baahan yahay kun oo shaqaalaha. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalada ka ahaa ku dhawaad gabi ahaanba la burburiyay Sevastopol. Photos magaalada wakhtigaas aan xusno naxdin ah: jiifay meeshii ugu quruxda badan burbur ah. Khubarada ayaa ku qiyaasay in dhibaatada ay keento naasiga ah, waxay ahayd laba iyo badh billion rubles! Magaaladu waxay si buuxda u lumo isgaarsiinta, gaadiidka, hababka isgaarsiinta. Waxaa intaa dheer, iyo sagaashan boqolkiiba blocks guri ayaa la burburiyay. Waxa ay ahayd mid xanuun badan in ay eegaan Sevastopol. Photos of magaalada ku sii jiri doontaa taallo weligiis quus in xasuuqii dagaalka.

Ka dib guushii ay ka gaareen cadowga bilaabay ma stage yar adag ee dib u soo kabashada. Magaaladu waxay wakhtigaas ka badbaaday oo rayid ah saddex keliya kun. Sarraysayna waxaa la falanqeeyey sababta xaaladda gaarka ah ee Sevastopol. Marka la eego macluumaadkan, waxa uu noqonayaa go'aan cad ee dowladda Soviet dib u dhiska magaalada kowaad.

In ka konton konton goor dambe, shaqo ka bilowdey on formation of nuclear-gantaal Navy. horumar New gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah gantaalada tijaabiyey ee Badda Madow. Tan iyo markaas, Badda Madow Fleet iyo hawlgelinta ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee United ee USSR in ay si guul leh u waajahaan gardarraloowna kasta, iyo ma aha oo kaliya xeebta Turkish, laakiin sidoo kale ee Bariga Dhexe, iyo Badda Mediterranean-ka.

Maxaad xaaladda gaarka ah ee Sevastopol? Dagaalka ka dib, magaalada ayaa sidoo kale noqday xarunta ugu weyn ee warshadaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaa si firfircoon horumarinta kalluumaysiga iyo kalluunka-nidaaminta. On ku salaysan "Monsoon" warshad qalab-samaynta ayaa soo saarta tiro balaadhan oo ah idaacadaha iyo qalabka navigation. takhasusay badda ee warshadda dhisay iyo cusboonaysiiyey maraakiibta rayidka iyo ciidankaba.

warbixin guud

Twin Cities Sevastopol - Kronstadt, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Moscow, Kerch, Istanbul iyo Minsk. Liiska Tani waa la cusboonaysiiyaa waqti ka waqti. June la xusaa sannad walba afar iyo tobnaad , maalintii ee magaalada. Sevastopol waxaa ka buuxsamay music, marti kala duwan ciidaha, bandhigyo iyo riwaayada. Xafladaha waxaa lagu qabtaa muddo laba toddobaad ah.

Magaalada ayaa u go'ay abuurkiisa Fanaanada caanka Alexander Marshall. "Magaalada Great Ruush ee Sevastopol" - song waa heesta aan rasmi ahayn. Waxaa inta badan la maqli karaa dabaal-dagga Maalinta City.

Sevastopol - magaalo u xiran yihiin ka 1939 in sanadka 1959-th. Waayo, intii labaatan sannadood, iridda ka Yalta iyo Simferopol lahaa jagooyinka adeegga taliyaha gaarka ah ee.

Bishii Agoosto 1991, Crimean iyo Sevastopol (magaalada badmaax) u dhaqaaqay Jamhuuriyadda cusub naadiyey madax banaan - Ukraine. Maraakiibtan ayaa Ruush uu karin inuu sii joogo magaalada kaliya ee heshiiska saldhig ciidamada badda.

In March 2014 Republic madaxa banaan ee Crimean wacdiyey xaaladda gaar ah ee dabin in Sevastopol. Arrintaasi waxay ahayd suurtagal afti qaran lagu qabtay maalintii hore. Ka dib markii racfaan in Ruushka on goysiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda heshiis gobolada Crimea Crimean Xildhibaanada la qoray galay Ruushka. maalin iyo labaatan koowaad ee March, dokumentiga la ansixiyay Madaxweynaha Ruushka.

Sida aad arki karto, xitaa taariikh kooban oo ku saabsan Sevastopol si ay u qiimeeyaan muhiimadda taariikhiga ah ee magaalada.