East iyo West Germany: deciphering xuruufta. Waxbarashada iyo ururka reer Germany iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Jarmal

1945-1948 sano jiray diyaarinta dhamaystiran, taasoo keentay inay kala qeybinta Germany iyo muuqaalka kore ee map of Europe ee u dhexeeya labada dal la aasaasay halkii - West iyo East Germany. Deciphering magacyada waddamada xiiso leh laftiisa in oo u adeegta sida sawir wanaagsan oo ay dulinka bulshada kala duwan.

guudahaan Germany

Dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ka dib markii, Germany waxaa loo kala qaybiyay laba kooxood oo ah shaqo. qaybta bari ee dalka degan Army Soofiyeeti, qaybta galbeed heystey Xulafada. qaybta galbeedka waxaa si tartiib ah xididaysan, dhulka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey dalalkan oo taariikhi ah, maamula dawladaha hoose. Bishii December 1946 waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay ku milmaan meelaha shaqo British iyo American - aasaasay waxa loogu yeero .. Buffalo. Waxa uu noqday suurtagal ah in la abuuro hay'ad maamulka dalka keli ah. Sayidka waxaa la abuuray Guddiga Dhaqaalaha - xubnaha la xushay oggol yahay go'aanada dhanka dhaqaalaha iyo maaliyadda.

kala DULUCDA

First of kuwaas oo dhammaan go'aamada ku saabsan hirgelinta "Qorshaha Marshall" - a oo baaxad weyn oo mashruuca dhaqaale loogu talagalay soo celinta dhaqaalaha ee dalalka Yurub in la burburiyey intii uu socdey dagaalka Mareykanka. "Qorshaha Marshall" qeyb ka kala aagga bari ee shaqo, sida dowladda Soviet Ma aqbali doono dalabka ee caawimo. In mustaqbalka, riyooyinka kala duwan ee mustaqbalka Xulafada iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti ee Germany keentay in kala ah ee dalka iyo ka go'an formation of the FRG oo GDR ah.

Waxbarashada Jarmal

goobaha reer Galbeedka ay u baahan yihiin ururka buuxa iyo xaaladda rasmiga ah ee waddanka. In 1948, wada tashi lagu qabtay sokeeye Western. Kulanka ayaa keentay in fikradda ah gobolka West Jarmal. In la mid ah sannad Bizonia biiray Faransiis shaqo zone - sidaas waxa loogu yeero Trizoniya waxaa la aasaasay. In Western dalalkan oo lacagta dib u habaynta la hordhac ah oo u gaar ah lacagta unit isbeddelkaas badatay. taliyayaasha Ciidanka weheliso mabaadiida iyo xaaladaha dalka ka naadiyey abuurista dawlad cusub, culays gaar ah la dhigayaa waxa ku saabsan xiriirka. In May 1949, in ka badan diyaarinta iyo wada hadal ah ay Dastuurka. gobolka ayaa u yeedhay Germany. Kelmadaha magaca u muuqataa sidii Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ah ee Germany. Sidaas darteed, soo jeedinta ayaa loo tixgeliyaa iyo Dawladaha Länder, iyo calaamadeeyay mabaadi'da Jamhuuriga ee maamul.

Juqraafi ahaan, dalka cusub waxaa ku taal 3/4 ee dalka, kuwaas oo degan Germany hore. Germany lahaa caasimadda - magaalada Bonn. Dawladaha reer Galbeedka, Xulafada dhex taliyayaashii ay dhaqmaa gacanta loogu dhaqmayo xuquuqdda aadanaha iyo xeerarka amarka dastuurka, xakameeyo ay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, lahaa xaq in ay soo fara dhammaan dhinacyada hawlaha dhaqaale iyo sayniska ee gobolka. Waqti ka, xaaladda dalka ayaa lagu burburinayo ay guushu ku madaxbannaani weyn, waayo, dalka Jarmalka.

GDR

Geedi socodka ah ee abuurista ee gobolka ahaa in dalalka Jarmalka Bari qabsadeen ciidamada Midowga Soofiyeeti. Kormeerka Authority bari jiray SMAD - Maamulka Military Soviet. Waxaa la abuuray iyada oo ay kormeerayaan SMAD dawladaha hoose lantdagi -. SMAD-in-Chief, iyo in xaqiiqda - milkiilaha East Germany, ayaa loo magacaabay sirkaalka wax qora Zhukov. Doorashooyinka in maamulka cusub ay soo qaadeen sida uu qabo sharciga ee USSR ah, E. ie. Dhinacyada khadadka fasalka. Gaarka ah si ay of February 25, 1947 ayaa lagu liquidated ku Prussian gobolka. Its territory waxaa loo kala qaybiyey dhexeeya dalalka oo cusub. Qayb ka mid ah ka degay gobolka Kaliningrad cusub ee la sameeyey, dhammaan degsiimooyinka ah Prussia hore ahaayeen Russified iyo baxshay, iyo degaanka ayaa ku soo idlaaday by waddanka u soo guurey Ruush.

Si rasmi ah SMAD keentay gacanta ciidamada dhulka ee East Germany. maamulka Maamulka Guddiga Dhexe ee SED ah, kuwaas oo si buuxda ay gacanta ku hayaan ciidamada. Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee ahaa qaramayn ee shirkadaha iyo dhulka, lala wareego hantida iyo qaybinta waxaa ka mid ah oo ku salaysan hantiwadaag. In geeddi-socodka of qaybin of unit maamulka hadda jira, isagoo la wareegay hawlaha gacanta dawladda. Bishii December ee 1947 waxay bilaabeen inay shaqeeyaan Jarmal Dadka Congress ka. In aragtida, ee Congress lahaa in ay midoobaan danaha reer galbeedka iyo Bariga Jarmalka, laakiin dhab ahaantii ee galbeedka dalalkii uu saamayn ahaa dayac. Ka dib markii go'doomin ka mid ah dalalkan galbeedka GOS bilaabeen inay qabtaan hawlo Baarlamaanka kaliya ee dhulalka bariga. Second National Congress, la aasaasay bishii March 1948, lagu qabtay howl qabadka dhabta ah ee la xiriira Dastuurka uu isku diyaarinayo dalalka soo baxaya. Caddadka si gaar ah ay calaamaddu ku taal dalka Jarmalka ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay - sidaas, shan waddan Jarmal ee aagga ahaa Soviet, waxay u wareegeen lacagta hal. In May 1949, Dastuurka SF ee gobolka dimuqraadi ah la ansixiyay iyo aasaasay xisbiga Inter hore ee qaranka bulshada iyo siyaasadda. Diyaarinta bariga dalalkii u formation of a cusub ee gobolka ayaa la dhameeyey. October 7, 1949 at shir Golaha Sare German ku dhawaaqday abuurka ah ee jidhka cusub oo awoodda dawladda ugu sarreeya, loo yaqaan Chamber Dadka Ku-meelgaarka ah ee. Dhab ahaantii, maantadan la joogo la oran karo waa sida taariikhda dhalashada ee gobolka cusub, abuuray miisaan Germany. Deciphering magacyada gobolka cusub ee East Germany - Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Jarmal ah, caasimadda ah ee GDR noqday East Berlin. Xaaladda of West Berlin ayaa waxaa si gaar ah isku raacay. Sanado badan, ee qadiimiga ah ee caasimadda Germany waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba qaybood derbiga Berlin ah.

horumarinta Germany

Horumarinta ee dalalka sida Germany iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Jarmal ah, qaadeen by nidaamka dhaqaale oo kala duwan. "Qorshaha Marshall" iyo wax ku oolnimada dhaqaale Politika Lyudviga Erhrada ogol yahay in ay si deg deg ah kor ugu dhaqaalaha ee West Germany. koritaanka GDP Large waxaa ku dhawaaqay mucjiso dhaqaale Jarmal. shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ka yimaada Bariga Dhexe, loogasoo ee shaqada raqiis ah. In 50s ee xisbiga CDU talada haya ansixiyay tiro sharciyo muhiim ah. iyaga ka mid ah - ganaax ah xisbiga shuuciga ah, tirtiridda dhan cawaaqibka hawlaha Nazi, oo ganaax ah oo ku saabsan xirfadaha qaarkood. In 1955, Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ah ee Germany ayaa ku biiray NATO.

Horumarinta ee GDR ah

Maydadka dowladda GDR ah, taas oo mas'uul ka ah maamulka oo ka mid ah dalalkan oo Jarmal, iska daayeen inay ka jira 1956, marka waxaa la go'aamiyay in liquidate dawladda hoose. Earth noqday kuwa loo yaqaan gobollada, fulinta waxay bilaabeen inay matalaan maamulka gobolka ee caafimaadka. At isla waqtiga ay bilaabeen inay laydinku tallaalay shakhsiyadda nidaam horumarsan communist fikirka. siyaasadaha Sovietization iyo qarameynta keentay in geeddi-socodka dib u soo kabashada ee post-dagaal ee dalka si xoog leh loo adkeeyay, gaar ahaan ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo ah guul dhaqaale Jarmal.

Dejinta oo ka mid ah xiriirka GDR, Germany

Deciphering burinaya u dhexeeya labada jajabkii ka mid gobolka si tartiib tartiib ah caadi xiriirka ka dhaxeeya labada dal. In 1973, Treaty ee dhaqan galay. Waxaa nidaaminaya xiriirka ka dhexeeya FRG oo GDR ah. Bishii November ee isla sannadkaas, Germany ayaa aqoonsan GDR sida dal madaxbanaan, dalka aasaasay xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed. In dastuurka GDR ah fikrad la soo bandhigay in la abuuro quruun Jarmal midaysan.

dhamaadka GDR ah

In 1989, waxaa jira dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo xoog leh "New Forum" ee GDR, kaas oo kiciyay taxane ah oo rabshooyin iyo dibad in dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee East Germany. Sidaas darteed of is casilay gudoomiye ee dowladda SED wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa ee "New Norum" Mr. Gysi. dibad-bax ballaaran oo lagu qabtay November 4, 1989 ee Berlin, halkaas oo dalabka xoriyadda hadalka, shirka oo hadal, mar hore ayaa la isku raacay in maamulka. Jawaabta ugu jiray sharci oggolaanaya muwaadiniinta GDR gudbaya xadka gobolka oo aan sabab macquul ah. Go'aankan ka dhigay dayrta ee Wall Berlin ah, oo sannado badan loo kala qaybiyey magaalada Jarmal.

Midaynta Germany iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Jarmal ah

In 1990, awoodda ee GDR yimaado Christian Democratic Union, kaas oo isla markiiba waxay bilaabeen inay dowladda Jarmalka tashadaan arrinta of midoobidda dalalka iyo abuurista dawlad kaliya. September 12 ee Moscow saxiixday heshiis ku saabsan dejinta ugu dambeeya oo ka mid ah wakiilada su'aal Jarmal ee Sokeeyaha hore ee isbahaysiga anti-Hitler.

Midaynta Germany iyo East Germany ay noqon lahaayeen kuwa aan macquul ahayn oo aan hordhaca ah ee lacagta hal. talaabo muhiim ah in geeddi-socodka oo intaasu waxay ahayd aqoonsiga DM Jarmalka sida lacagta caadi ah oo dhan ee Germany. August 23, 1990 Rugta Dadka ayaa go'aansaday in ay ku biiraan Dullaysto Bariga Dhulka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ah ee Germany. Ka dib waxaa lagu fuliyay tiro ka mid ah dib u habaynta in ay reebtay ah hay'adaha dawladda hantiwadaag iyo dib u dhiska jirkooda gobolka on model ah West Jarmal. October 3, baabiiyo ciidanka iyo raxan ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Jarmal ah, iyo halkii iyaga ka mid ah ee dhulalka bariga la dhigay bundesmarine iyo Jarmalka ah - ciidamada qalabka sida Jarmal. Deciphering magacyada ku saleysan ereyga "Bundes", taas oo macnaheedu yahay "federaali ah". Aqoonsiga rasmiga ah ee dalalkan Bariga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ah ee Germany waxaa xaqiijiyay ansaxinta oo ka mid ah hay'adaha cusub ee dastuurka sharciga dadweynaha.