Qarax Intercontinental Supersonic T 4MS ( "wax soo saarka 200"): sifo ugu weyn

Mashaariicda in ku guuldareystay inuu noqdo mid dhab ah, laakiin ka mid ah sheekada ... Sidee badan oo iyaga ka mid ah, u qalmeen illoobay oo aan aad u badan. Mid ka mid ah mashruuca sida - Xafiiska istiraatiiji Intercontinental supersonic qarxiyay-gantaal design horumarinta hogaaminayo Sukhoi.

DULUCDA OF THE

Sida inta badan u dhacdaa, baahida loo qabo ciidamo hawada istiraatiiji ah, taas oo uu horey u kacay ee la soo dhaafay, ciidamada sara kiciyey 1967, marka go'aan in la dhiso a diyaaradaha muddo dheer la duuliyo istiraatiiji ah (Advanced duuliyo Strategic Diyaaradaha) waxaa loo sameeyey in Maraykanka. Iyada oo mashruuca AMSA ka billaabay abuuridda of B-1,-sare sare qarxiyay istiraatiiji duulaankii caanka ah oo qoto dheer.
Oo January 1969 by si ah wasiirka duulista bilaabay tartanka u dhexeeya xafiisyada design VM Myasishcheva, A. N. Tupoleva iyo Sukhoi. Iyadoo la tixraacayo si this, shirkadaha u baahan tahay si ay u qabtaan cilmi-baarista ee diyaaradaha istiraatiiji ah dual-hab, abuuro nidaam propulsion ah, hubka gantaalaha iyo nidaamyada saarnaa. abuurista adag radio-elektaroonik ah oo keliya ayaa waxaa ay maamusho Wasaaradda warshadaha elektarooniga ah. Uu si yimid guga ee isla sanadkaas.

xogta bilowga ah

amar Dowladda dayrta dabayaaqadii 1967 aqoonsaday sifooyinka of diyaaradaha mustaqbalka.

Waa in uu ku lahaa meel ugu horeysay sifooyinka diyaarad gaar ah.

At sare ah 1.8 km la dhigay xawaaraha 3,2-3,5 kun. Km / h. Waxaa la fahamsan yahay in wakhtiga noocan oo kale ah iyo xawaare subsonic dhow diyaarad dhulka waa duuli ugu yaraan 11-13 kun oo kiiloomitir, laakiin in diyaarad-sare sare ee kala duwan duulimaadka subsonic waa in ay ahaataa 16-18 kun km.

Waxaa la oggolaaday hawsha iyo Halabuurka hubka. Waxa ay ahayd in ay ka kooban of bambooyin saari karo iyo svobodnopadayuschih iyo saxo nooca iyo caga, iyo gantaalaha hawada, hypersonic afar X-45 "hillaac", iyo ilaa 24 aerobalisticheskih X-2000. Waxaan weydiiyay iyo mass guud ee hubka - 45 tons.

Start horumarka

OKB Sukhoi P. O. tan iyo 1961, ayaa sidoo kale ku salaysan tartan, ku hawlan horumarinta a supersonic qarxiyay-gantaal T-4, waayo mass ee 100t helay magaca "jare" labaad. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa si ay u gaaraan xawaare 3,000 km / h, in ay ka gudbaan caqabad ku kaamerada, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayaa si xooga hagaagtay aerodynamics. Waayo, waxaa si gaar ah loogu gantaal "air-dalka", propulsion iyo qalabka navigation. Approved ahaa qabyo saddexaad ee diyaarad cusub kaliya soddon.

At salkeeda, iyo in la horumariyo cusub istiraatiiji jet dual-hab T-4MS leh ilaalinta joogtada ugu badnaan la model asalka ah. design cusub ee lahaa inuu sii joogo: warshad koronto, horay qalabka cusub, kuwaas oo u noqday design caadiga ah iyo xal farsamada horumariyo oo maray tijaabada nidaamyada iyo qalabka on-guddiga, iyo in muhiim in geeddi-socodka lagu soo saarka mass, geedi socodka qashinka noqon lahaa. Xitaa mashiinka cipher helay by socoshada la "jare". miisaanka duushay Its xisaabinta ee samaynta dhawaaday laba boqol oo tan, oo sidaas daraaddeed noqday kuwa loo yaqaan T-diyaarad 4MS - "article 200".

Solutions cusub

Waxaa hoogtay, annagu kala ma fulin karo fikrad cajiib ah sida a. Haddii aad badbaadin nidaamka khariidad, xajmiga iyo miisaanka ah waxyaabaha cusub ee loo xadaa, laakiin mugga guud ee hubka Post weli ku guuldareystay.

Sidaa darteed, ka Sukhoi Design Bureau PO xirfadlayaasha ha diiradda saaraan horumarinta nidaamka khariidad cusub, taas oo u dhali lahaa mugga ugu sareeya leh dusha yar ka dheregtay by iyo siiyaan hoy hub loo baahan yahay in qol xamuul ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, design waa in ay ahaataa sida dhagan in diyaaradda duuli kari waayeen meel u dhow dhulka xawaare sare.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa la go'aamiyay in laga saaro ka propulsion diyaaradaha circuit xoogga. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jiray fursad ah in la abuuro versions cusub ee matoorada kale. Heshiiskaasi cusub ay ahayd in loo ilaalin lahaa suurtogalnimada horumar joogto ah sifooyinka duulimaadka iyo farsamada khaaska ah ee wax soo saarka cusub.

In hawlgalka, ka naqshadeeye iyo abuuray qaabeynta aerodynamic, circuit ku midaysan oo lagu sameeyaa nooca "duulaya garabka" ay ishu Console aagga yar (yar, dabcan) horyaalka bedeli kartaa howlgal.

Qarax khariidad

Aasaas ahaan qaabka cusub ee diyaaradaha ee T-4MS, heshiiyeen dhamaadka xagaagii 1970, waxaa u adeegay sidii aasaas u ah horumarka design hordhaca ah.

Lagu daydo ee nidaamka this ayaa afuufo sugnan dabaysha iyo ayaa muujisay natiijada gaarka ah iyo xawaare duulimaadka subsonic, iyo xawaare supersonic.

Maaddaama ay meesha yar ee jirka hubka pivot iyo side adag ee xarunta waayay lahayo ku laastikada garabka marka duulaya garoonka.

Xaaladdan oo ah howlgal hub pivot waxaa kala duwan ee kala duwan ee 30 ° ilaa 72 °.

Nasiib ahaa oo muuqda, laakiin sanadka soo socda waxaa la soocay in dhammeystirka design ee hordhaca ah.

dhumucdiisuna kala duwan iyo qaabka airfoil ah, in ay sii kor u qaadista heerka aerodynamic. Codsiga of profiles supercritical waa in la kordhiyo xawaaraha safar subsonic. Research sameeyey bevels garabka saamayn ku yeelan kara hawlgalka geedka xoogga iyo stabilizer toosan. Work sii doorashada ee qaab garabka, si loo hagaajiyo xasilloonida iyo controllability gaariga.

Doorteen Bannaanka dhismaha iyo airframe awood fiicnayn si kor loogu qaado shidaalka saamaynta cufka.

Shaqo on cayayaanka ah

All horumarka tijaabiyey in sugnan dabayl TsAGI. Sidaas darteed, khubarada ayaa go'aamisay in diyaaradda si xun dheeli tiran, waxaa jira xasillooni ee ma ka yar 5%. Waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhameystiro qaabka dheeraad ah.

Sidaas darteed, in embodiments ah, ku-T 4MS muuqday dabada siman iyo sanka dheer. In mid ka mid ah version, sanka, iyo dhammaan lahaa qaab cirbad oo kale ah. Weliba, waxaa la qaatay in uu sii horumariyo heshiis kaas oo sanka la yara kordhiyey, isaga mooyee siday sooctey ahaayeen nacelles kaliya dareemi, iyo badhidii toosan leh laba keels, guddi garabka Rotary. fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray dhibaatada of yaraynta aragti ku radar ee cadowga.

Qarax Description T-4MS

Diyaaradan ayaa waxaa ka shaqeeya shaqaale ah oo saddex qof, taas oo la saaray in siraad slabovystupayuschem. Isla mar ahaantaana Taliyaha markabka, ka pilot iyo Navigator-operator lahaa inuu u duulo in dacwana bannaan, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in qol ka mid ah laba compartments lagu shaabadeeyey. qol hore waxaa loogu talagalay duuliye ah, iyo gadaal - si Navigator ah. Tan iyo ilayska si dhib soo fiiqan, si loo hagaajiyo aragtida inta lagu guda jiro duushay oo soo degtey bixisaa-xidh gaar ah.

kuraasta Ejection bixiyaan geeddiga degdegga ah ee diyaaradda oo dhan heerar iyo xawaaraha, oo ay ku jiraan degtey iyo duushay ammaan ah.

qalabka Electronic on board ka koobnaa navigation, nidaamyada duulimaadka, hababka isgaarsiinta iyo difaaca, Kombuyuutarada, nidaamka arkidda difaaca, nidaamyada taranta iyo Hanuun gantaal.

cabbir Guud ee airship ah, kaas oo lagu qeexay sida qarxiyay Intercontinental supersonic, waxay ahaayeen sida soo socota:

- dhererka - 41.2 m,

- height - 8 m,

- xarunta-taako - 14.4 m,

- The Raven xagal howlgal 30 ° - 40,8 m,

- aagga of garabka xagal howlgal of 30 ° - 97,5kv.m.

miisaanka qaadataan-off ayaa lagu qiyaasay waa 170 tons.

Qarax Powerplant

In qaybta dabada, in laba nacelles kullan gooni, diyaarin nooc oo afar DTRD NK-101. riixdaan mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid qaad-off ahaa 20,000 kg. Waxaa loo maleeyey in matoorada ku dari doona faa'iidooyinka engine ku turbofan horyaalka safar xawaare subsonic iyo inta lagu jiro dardargelinta ee jet ee duulimaadka xawaare supersonic.

Gondola lahaa on motor kasta kala ah qaadashada hawada hagaajin diyaarad Risaalo ilaaliyo midda iyo ingress ee walxaha shisheeye.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer matoorada, oo ka kooban nidaamyo powerplant ayaa shidaal kaga diyaarad on dhulka iyo hawada, awood engine, dheecaanku shil of pressurization shidaalka, daminta qaboojinta ah.

Haamaha Shiidaalka Main ku yaal dhigan xarunta.

xogta duulimaadka Qiyaasta

Diyaaradan ayaa waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu duuli at masaafo aad u dheer. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabinta, laga yaabaa uu dibadda ee horyaalka laga gami inuu u duulo la load dagaalka caadiga ah ee 9 t xawaare ka saaciday inay 900 km / h (subsonic) 14 000 km oo 3000 km / h (supersonic) a - 9000 km.

At height of Qarax ka duuli kara xawaare 3.2 kun km / h heerka badda - 1.1 kun km / h ..

Xaaladdan oo kale, sare ugu badan ee diyaaradaha ka kori karo xisaabaha ahaa 24,000 m.

Iyada oo sida tiro badan oo dhererkiisu wuxuu orodka 100 m a, iyo dhererka jidka ka dib markii touchdown - 950 m.

hub ciidan The on board

load qarax xisaabiyaa ahaa 9 m iyo isuduwaha bambooyin svobodnopadayuschih.

gujis balanqaaday T-4MS lahaa si ay u fuliyaan labo ilaa afar gantaalaha dareere long-range X-45 "hillaac", kuwaas oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay mashruuca T-4, iyadoo ARLGSN nidaamka hanuun iyo wadareed warhead sare-qarxa. Ay feature ahaa radome ah. dhererka gantaalaha ee ku saabsan 10 m, miisaanka bilaabo - 5 m, 0.5T payload ah. kala duwan oo loogu talo galay 1.5 kun oo km, xawaaraha diyaarad ilaa 9000 km / h ah.

Sidoo kale in diyaarad hub ahaa 24 Kh-2000 nidaamka hanuun INS, la kala duwan oo 300 km, xawaaraha duulimaadka ah oo ku saabsan 2 M, oo miisaankii oo laga bilaabo 1 ton.

noocyada kala duwan ee hubka, gantaallo, bambooyin, miinooyinka iyo torpedoes, qarax cajalad la tuuro, la saaray in labada dhigan gudaha qalabaysan hawo iyo ilaalinta kaamerada, gaadiidka iyo nidaamka qashin.

Natiijooyinka tartanka

Tartanka ayaa la soo bandhigay, marka laga reebo farcankaaga Sukhoi qarxiyay supersonic Tu-160M OKB horumarinta A. N. Tupoleva iyo M-20 ka Myasishcheva VM ah.
Mashaariicda ayaa la soo bandhigay in MAP ku talo cilmiyeed iyo farsamo ee dayrta ee 1972.
ciidamada tu-160 markii ugu horaysay la diiday sababtoo ah isku mid aad u badan iyadoo diyaarad rakaab. M-20 ayaa ku qanacsanaa ciidamada, laakiin Bureau cusub ee abuuray lahayn goobaha wax soo saarka ee wax soo saarka ballaaran ee mishiino.

T-4MS soo jiidatay dareenka guud oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay sida ugu fiican ee, laakiin ... Wakhtigan la mid ah dagaal cusub waxaa la abuuray OKB hogaaminayo Sukhoi, kaas oo la sii daayey ka yar tirada SU-27, shuqullada on Abuuridda Su-24 diyaaradaha dagaalka ee ka hawlgala beddelka iyo Su-17M. Wasaaradda Duulista Industry dareemay in shaqada ee duulista "iftiin" ka muhiimsan, oo laba jiho kala duwan KB ma shaqeyn karaan.

Oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay noqotay in tartanka ku guuleystay mashruuca Sukhoi PO, iyo shaqo dheeraad ah lagu qaaday Tupolev Design Bureau. Iyo Taliyaha reer Force Hawada P. S. Kutahov bixiyeen iyo qalabka oo dhan mari Tupolev, laakiin waxa ay diideen oo sii waday in loo hagaajiyo ay horumarinta u gaar ah.

Sidaa darteed, adeegga ee diyaarada Air Force ahaa oo ku saabsan payload la mid ah oo kala duwan oo xawaare subsonic, laakiin duulimaadkii mass ka sii badan tahay 35%, iyo ka yar kala bar kala duwan ee sverhzuke duulimaadka ka badan noqon lahaa haddii mashruuca la aqbali lahaa P. About . qallalan.

Isla markii dhamaadka tartanka ahaayeen mashruuca shaqada laga joojiyo lacagtii T 4MS. Diyaaradan ma aanan arkin samada, laakiin fikrado waxaa ku dhashay inta lagu jiro dhinaca horumarinta, waxaa la soo bixitaankii isla Tu-160 iyo Su-27 iyo mig-29.Mozhet ahaan, iyo xitaa turjumi diyaaradaha qarnigii this.