Geeddi socodka Biospheric. wareegga nitrogen ee dabiiciga ah

element A kiimikada tirada qaaradda toddoba waxaa muujinaysaa by N (Nitrogenium). Its magaca - "Zot" - ka ee Giriigga macnaheedu yahay "Noolayn". Eraygan, mid ka mid ah aragtida ah in ay asal ahaan, waxaa la soo jeediyay in 1787 sano Antuanom Lavuaze, halkii ay ka horaysa "phlogisticated", "la dhacay" iyo "mefitichesky" hawada. Waxay ahayd markaa in koox ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta Faransiis, taas oo Lavoisier ahaa firfircoon uga qayb qaataan, ku hawlan horumarinta mabaadi'da kiimikada waydaarsanayeen. hantida nitrogen Xataa markaas, waxaa la ogaaday ma taageeri sari kasta ama Neefta.

Sida laga soo xigtay version kale ereyga "nitrogen" ma soo hindiseen Lavoisier iyo saaxiibtiis. Waxay dhacdaa ka badan suugaanta ku alchemical marka waagu ee qarniyadii dhexe in lagu qeexo "wax hoose bir" waxa loogu yeero, oo waxaa loo aaneeyey inay u hana ka badan toona yar, iyo hantida "Alfa iyo Oomeega" wax kasta.

In dabiiciga ah, nitrogen waxaa laga yaabaa in la joogo sida walax fudud ee N2 formula ah, waxa ku filan gaaska inert waa aan dhadhan, midab iyo ur. Saddex afar ka mid ah jawi dhulka ee ka kooban nitrogen. element Tani waxay door aad u muhiim ah in nolosha dhirta iyo xayawaanka. In ka kooban borotiinada, boqolkiiba waa 16-18% by miisaanka. Sidoo kale waa qayb ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka acids nucleic, nucleoproteins, acids amino, chlorophyll, unugga. In unugyada nool by tirada atamka nitrogen waa ilaa 2%, iyo jajab mass of this qayb kordhay 2.5%. Cunsurka N kaalinta afaraad ee muhiimadda ay leedahay in waxyaabaha asaasiga ah ee kiimikada organic - hydrogen, carbon iyo oksijiin.

Asal ahaan wareegga nitrogen ee dabiiciga ah oo ku salaysan falgalka kiimikada hawada. iyaga ka mid ah waxaa inta badan ku qayilo. Sidoo kale tiro la taaban karo ee isdhexgalka nitrogen qaadan falgalka kiimikada ee biosphere ah. N2 Main ee dabiiciga ah - waa jawiga. Oo dhirta ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah, dhab ahaantii, waxay bilaabaan wareegga nitrogen ah ee dabiiciga ah. The flora hawlaha caalamka sida Avv protein ah. Sida qalabka loo isticmaalo Nitrate in ay yihiin ciidda. Isha of nitrogen amooniyam dabiiciga ah waa aspirated iyo ammonium cusbada. hab ay diinta walax fudud oo ah qaab loo heli karo dhexgalkooda by dhirta, loo yaqaan qardarin nitrogen.

Waxaa jira laba hab percolation nitrogen lagala kulmo. In muuqashadii ugu horeysay, tiro cayiman inta lagu guda jiro siideeyn Hillaac ee oxides nitrogen. Qasi jiray biyo, ay ka cadhaysiiyaan muuqaalka kore ee acid nitric, taas oo ku siinayaa asaasmeen muuqaalka kore ee Nitrate ciidda. In muuqashadii labaad, waxaa jira formation of ammonia. bakteeriyada Its baaraandegi galay Nitrate, waxay inta badan ku yaal qanjira xididka dhirta tuberous ah. More, hab tani waxaa la yiraahdaa nitrification.

Warshad dhimasho keenta in formation of xeryahooda ammonium. korkooda shaqeeyaan bakteeriyada, iyaga ekaysiinaya nitrogen amooniyam iyo soo laabtay jawiga. Qardarin, nitrification iyo denitrification of nitrogen - qaybood ee farsamo adag, siday wareegga nitrogen ah ee dabiiciga ah. Wadista geedi socodkan waxa weeye in ay jirto is-dhaafsiga u dhexeeya u qardarin nitrogen iyo denitrification.

qardarin nitrogen dhacdaa marka warshad metabolize xeryahooda nitrogen ka soo hawada, in nidaamka this lug bakteeriyada badan iyo cyanobacteria. The alaabta of nitrogen qamaar waa ammonia, Nitrate ama nitrites.

wareegga nitrogen ee dabiiciga ah oo la kala guurka ah si ay tallaabada xigta fuliya nitrification ee u qardarin. Haddaba ammonia galaa Nitrate iyo nitrites. Inta lagu guda jiro denitrification dhamaado wareegga nitrogen ee dabiiciga ah, Nitrate ee cawisa in nitrogen. ka qaybqaadashada firfircoon ee geedi socodka of qaadashada Pseudomonas, bakteeriyada Bacillus iyo sheyga kale.

Inta lagu guda jiro denitrification dhici kara dhowr intermediates. Ugu muhiimsan ee iyaga ka mid ah - xabagta nitrus, gaaska lagu koriyo ah waa mid deggan.

Ballaarinta theme ah, waxaa haboon fahamka macnaha fikradaha dhexgalkooda iyo mineralization. Milmaan waa hab of kala guurka ah ee nitrogen ka imanba ee ay foomka organic. Under mineralization waxaa loogu tala galay xarunta nitrogen organic si loogu badalo ka imanba. Doodeen dhexgalkooda iyo mineralization yihiin walxaha qaab beddelidda muhiim ah taas oo dhacda inta lagu jiro wareegga nitrogen ah ee dabiiciga ah.

Soo bandhigidda warbixinta ku saabsan arrintan ugu guul leh loo fuliyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo miisaska iyo gooldhalinta.