Golaha dhulluxyo ah. Riga, Latvia: sharaxaad, taariikhda iyo dib u eegis

Communities oo xiiso ama nooca hawsha waxaa la socda taariikhda aadanaha. Si aad u difaaco iyo ilaalinta group xuquuqda ay u fududahay in ay jeclaan maskax, halkaas oo aad had iyo jeer ka heli kartaa nooc kasta oo taageero ah. Haddii Guild ah, si, iskaashi ayaa si guul ah ula qabsanay hawlaha ay, guusha uu ahaa lama huraan. In mudo ah koritaanka iyo barwaaqo midoobeen bulshada si firfircoon u shaqeeya wanaagga meeshii xarunta of danahooda. Sidaas waxa ennobled, baxda la halyeeyada iyo taariikhda of Malta, si ay Knights of mahad Order of Malta helay horumarka degdeg ah oo dhan of Europe, halkaas oo bulshada loo aqoonsaday.

walaalahana

The horumarinta iyo barwaaqada ee Riga kaalin weyn in Order ee dhulluxyo ah. Inkastoo magaca cajiib ah, xubnaha bulshada la mideeyay danta ganacsiga, kaas oo lagu yaqaan in ay u guuraan oo ka guurto oo dhan. In Riga, Socotada kasta ciday ku dhici doontaa Town Hall Square, halkaas oo dhismaha fooridaa naqshadaha gaar ah - Golaha dhulluxyo ah.

Qarnigii 14aad waxaa hore u ahaa ganacsatada Community ee Riga, mideysan Guild Weyn. Waxay ka koobnayd waday welina uu waqti, ayaa keentay qaab nololeed yah, ganacsiga ahaa ee dhexe: ku hawlanaa iibsiga for jumladlayaasha ballaaran, ka dibna sameeyay tafaariiqda habaysan. Time ahaa duulaan, iyo inay u safraan dalalka kale ee wax soo saarka ma uu ammaan ah muddo dheer, xitaa marka la jirto ballan qaad noloshooda mooyee, in aan ku xuso faa'iido ka alaabta. Laakiin waxaa jira had iyo jeer yihiin kuwa diyaar u yihiin oo ay awoodaan in ay qaataan khataro, maxaa yeelay, faa'iidada ka soo jumlada helay by dhowr jeer ka badan.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waayo ganacsatada yah ku biirtay ganacsatada in uu abaabulo guul, inkastoo ganacsi khatar ah. Waxay ku midoobeen in Order waxay qaateen sokoeye iyo Saint ee Mauritius. Sida laga soo xigtay xeerkii, Quduuska ah taswiiran kiiyoo. Legend ayaa waxaa in dagaalyahan Mauritius ku lahaa asal ahaan ka soo Ethiopia qaatay diinta kiristaanka iyo waxa lagu wacdiyaa, taas oo uu ku soo gaaray. quduusiinta canonized qoray walxood, hanuuniyey by midabka dhabta ah ee uu huwan jiray, images ahaayeen caadi ah indhaha Yurub - image mugdi ah ku saabsan asalka fudud. Tan iyo Order ee ganacsatada Baadi helay magaceeda, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday magaca rasmiga ah ee walaalnimadii - Order ee dhulluxyo ah.

Golaha Amarka

Ikhwaanul marka la eego ay wakhtigaagu wuxuu ahaa sida urur military la qaynuun cad, kala sarraynta iyo hawlgallada halis on marinka ee alaabta. Xubno ka mid ah bahda wuxuu noqon karaa oo keliya nin oo dhallinyaro ah guursan, inta badan dalka dibadda uga dhashay Tartiib tartiib, ay hayeyna bulshada, Riga, isu siiyaa qoysaska iyo guryaha. Si ahaayeen ay raxan u gaar ah, si guul leh caabiyaan kooxaha burcad badeeda, jiido tageen dalalka qalaad fog, keeno badeecadaha dhif ah oo qaali ah. Waayo, ganacsiga, shirkii looga baahan yahay inay meel iyo dhulluxyo ee 1477 kiro ah dabaqa sare ee guryaha cusub oo la dhisay by Guild of farsamo.

Aruursaday bonds, caasimadda iyo isuna saameynta bulshada Blackface maal badan geshay qalabaynta dhismaha, oo tartiib u noqonaysa kiraystayaasha ugu weyn. Waxaa iyaga siiyey badan oo door bidaan iyo xoriyada ay u isticmaalaan goobaha oo dhan. waqti gaaban guriga golaha magaalada Riga Ka dib markii la siiyey magac cusub - Golaha dhulluxyo ee Riga. Maalinta Exchange shaqeeyay ee dabaqyada sare, halka fiidkii diyaarin kubadaha, riwaayado, dabaal, magaalooyinka iyo dhacdooyinka bilad.

dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah

Riga ahaa joogitaanka maamulaha for bahda ah, laakiin hawlaha ganacsi looga baahan matalaad kale. Tusaale ahaan, in 1517 waxaa la furay Golaha Brotherhood of dhulluxyo ee dhiman. In ka badan qarnigii ah jiritaankeeda, dhismahan la dhisay, dib, ku biiro dhismayaasha dariska ah. Laakiin maanta waxa la yidhaahdaa waa in sharaf of milkiilayaasha ugu fiican - House of dhulluxyo ah. Dhiman si taxadar leh qabaneysa naqshadaha taallo. Currently, riwaayada qolkii iyo tours ee dhismaha.

Laakiin van ugu weyn, halkaas oo la sameeyay siyaasadda oo dhan ee bulshada, waxay ahayd Riga House ee dhulluxyo (Riga, Latvia). Samaynta darsaday weyn magaalada macbudyo, horumarinta dhaqanka, dhulluxyo kaabayaasha ee magaalada adag shaqeeyay uu deganaansho, xoojinta ay booska bulshada. ilaa jaalka la Guild Big ah, in bartamihii qarnigii 16aad, Order ayaa door muhiim ah nolosha magaalada. isaga oo aan lacag la'aan ah, ma difaaco duulay, ama waqti isbeddel siyaasadeed toobad. In bulshada rag & qarnigii 19aad laga badiyay ay muhiimada, iyo amarka la reformatted koox baayacmushtariga Jarmal, taas oo ay jiraan ilaa 1939.

dagaal burbur

Golaha Brotherhood of dhulluxyo waxaa gabi ahaanba la burburiyay intii uu socday dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. guryaha museum waxaa ku jira dhowr laabkood ah ee 1945, taas oo ay muujinayso halaagnay Riga Town Hall Square. Waxaan ognahay waqtigii saxda kadib markii madfac ku dhacay dhismaha - hadhay dial saacad weyn oo guriga, oo ahaa wakhti uu weli 8:30 istaagay. Subaxnimadii June 29, 1941 oo shaqaale ah ee Golaha isku dayaya inuu badbaadiyo qayb ka mid ah dhaxalkooda taariikhiga ah ee Riga oo waxay dhashay gacmaha ah saacad wejiga oo qaraami ah.

Golaha dhulluxyo ma aha oo kaliya la wada baabbi'iyey, laakiinse qaar badan baa la bililiqeystey boobaya. hantida mar waxaa iska lahaa walaalnimadii, oo hadda Riga, weli kala firdhiyey oo dhan Europe, laakiin qayb ka mid ah ururinta noqday. Sidaas daraaddeed, in matxafka muujiyey a collection of sanduuqyada buuriga, 118 oo gogo 'oo qalab kala duwan oo laga sameeyey dahab, iyo lacag, iyo lafaha. Soo bandhigaa oo waqtiyo kala duwan la sameeyay ee Russia, Germany, England iyo walaaltinimada deeqay.

kabashada

Ka dib markii 1945, House dhulluxyo ma soo kabsado. Waxa aanu hayn macluumaad sax ah, waxa uu u ekaa ka hor socdaa baabba '. Meeshu waa qurux madhan muddo dheer, go'aansadeen in la soo celiyo dhismaha ka dib helitaanka madaxbanaanida Latvia ee 1996. Nasiib wanaag raagayaan qorshayaal gudaha, ma images aad u tegayo, sawiro, injineero iyo fanaaniinta of 19-20 qarniyo. cilmi qaddiimiga ah loo ogol yahay si loo ogaado goobta saxda ah ee dhismaha iyo shaqada dib u soo celinta bilaabay.

Modern House of dhulluxyo ee size ku beegan tahay meelaha taariikhiga ah, xaqiijinta of this waa aasaaskii guriga jir iyo ka dhismaha asalka ah ee dabaqa dhulka hoostiisa sii raagayaan. Markaasaa Ananiyas tegey qolka kulan la noocyo ka mid ah dhagaxa qarnigii 14aad, laga helay soohdinta reer Latvia.

Architecture-gaarka ah ee Aamino

Jawaab-celinta ka dalxiisayaasha booqanaya Riga, House dhulluxyo ka dhigaysa aragti weyn. Halabuurka The oo dhan waa Hall Town ee Square ku nuuxnuuxsaday, soo jiidashada ugu weyn ee magaalada - Golaha walaalnimadii mar wax raadayn kara. dhismaha ayaa mudo dheer mid ka mid ah calaamadaha oo ka mid ah magaalada iyo kibirka Riga. Aamino soo celiyo Golaha yeedhi yeeran naqshadaha hore-Gothic ee Europe. In fiidkii, tolnimo ilkaheeda ka shiday oo ku baaqay in la eego waxyaalaha qarsoon ee taariikhda iyo ceeryaan waqti, iyo sidoo kale yeedhi inaad gudaha u tagaan, si indho la'aan dunida ka mid ah marxalad kale.

Halabuurka sculptural on hore waxaa ka mid ah afar tirooyin: Neptune - taliyihii badaha, Mercury - baayacmushtariyaal iyo Socdaalba, midnimada iyo nabad weli Sokeeye. At sare ee dhayal ku jirto saacad ah, waxay, sidoo kale farshaxan, una qurxinay ayna Aamino ilaa 1941. Haddaba, saacad elektaroonik ah, laakiin waxa aanu detract ka qiimaha jacayl soo celiyey taallo naqshadda. Farshaxan on Aamino dhismaha matalaan ma aha oo kaliya ka sokow - waxay ku xidhmaan waqti iyo qiyamka, saacad weyn waa sax ma aha oo kaliya daqiiqo, ay cilada ee caalamka iyo calaamooyin Burji iyo fariimihii lagu hayaa macnaha qarsoon, in la ogaado in khubaro awoodo luqada keliya ee Hermetic Kabbalah. qarsoon badan oo qarsoon calaamadaha on farshaxan, jubbado hubka ee Aamino, dhammaan dukaamada House of dhulluxyo ay. Magaalada Riga yeedhi aragti dhaw iyo xalinta mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah.

rakiban gudaha

Tixgeli tolnimo raaxo Golaha iyo in aan gudaha u tagaan waa wax aan macquul aheyn, hadalka ku saabsan oo dhan martida. Waxaa, gudaha, furitaanka aqoon cusub: wada-xidhkii hore iyo tan imika, siin fikrad dhamaystiran oo waxa Golaha dhulluxyo, doorka Brotherhood ee horumarinta Riga ee. decoration ee qol kasta waa mid gaar ah oo soo celiyey usii ugu badnaan.

On dhulka waxaa jira qol ka mid ah maamulka, iyo labaad - qolal badan waasac. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - ee Hall of Lübeck, waa magaca qolka helay inta lagu jiro dabaal-guuradii 800aad ee Riga. Halkan waxa aad u bogi karaa shiraac afar mitir meeleeyey Panorama ah Lübeck, kaliya isaga qolka ku leedahay magaceeda. Waxaa, dabaqa labaad, waxaad booqan kartaa Cijo Yar, Latvia Hall la soo bandhigaa qowmiyadaha, jaranjarada isku Xidhka ololeeya iyo dabaqa labaad la helaan Hall Golaha socdaan. Jawaab-celinta ka soo booqda oo dhan uu jiidayo dib mar kale in ay Golaha dhulluxyo ee Riga. Taariikhda dhismaha waa mid gaar ah oo soo jiidata si halkan loogu qarsoon Midab iman.

hall Assembly

Meelaha ugu badan ee guriga - Golaha Hall. Waxaa marti kubadaha cayaaray, guests Madaxdii Gaalowday oo aqbalay, amiirradii reer Europe oo dhan. Markaas Butros ayaa waxaan booqday isagoo degan Sarreeyayaal Prince Aleksandrom Menshikovym, heer Carnival ah la siiyey in sharaf of Catherine II. hall martiqaad sharaf qaaday King William III ee Prussia iyo xaaskiisa Louise.

decoration ee qolka dhammaataan iyo maanta, una soo celin gudaha taariikhiga ah. chandeliers crystal culus siin iid iyo sharooto filiqsanaa ee dhimbiiluhu on darbiyada hoolka weyn. On derbiga koonfureed waa wax aan macquul aheyn in aan aragto jubbad badan oo hub ah Order oo ka mid ah dhulluxyo, oo sidoo kale XIDGTA oo saqafka ka kooban. saqafka rinji, loogu talagalay in ruuxa Rococo ah, waxaa ka mid ah calaamadaha walaaltinimo, image ee St. Mauritius, qaata boqorradu a of ammaanta weligeeda. items Furniture waa nuqul saxda ah ee lagu daydo ee qarniyo soo dhaafay, marka guriga diyaafadda, in la siiyo riwaayada ee caanka ah ee dunida oo uu waqti.

meesha quduuska ah Art

Waqtiyo kala duwan, composers caan ahaayeen in derbiyadii Golaha dhulluxyo, kuwaas oo riwaayada guulo weyn oo dadweynaha ku mahadisaan. Rihar Wagner sameeyay orchestra iyo House ku orday ka 1837 ilaa 1839, waxaa marka hore la sameeyey qaar ka mid ah shuqulladiisa. Sida kaari ah, in muddo ah ka dib, waxa uu u muuqday laxamiistaha kale qudbad - Hector Berlioz.

darbiyada waxaa lagu qurxiyey Wehbe oo ka mid ah guriga martida Festival Hall kala duwanaayeen. Wehbe Original rinji by Vigilius Eriksen iyo Aleksandra Roslina, Wehbe hore ee artist qoray ee Dugsiga Swedish ah 17-18 qarniyo. Dhimasho kuwa asalka ah ayaa la bedelay replicas, on taas oo artist ka shaqeeyay Andris Zachests. Sideeda busts of composers weyn jiidaan jaranjarada oo iidaya Hall. Waxay si kuraasta ay ku soo laabtay ka dib markii uu dib u soo celinta decoration Gudaha ee Golaha dhulluxyo.

Magaalada Riga waa hagaagsan faani muuqaalka soo celiyey of Town Hall Square, halkaas oo ah meesha taariikhiga ahaa tiir ka mid ah taariikhda iyo naqshadaha - Order ee House dhulluxyo ah.