Guud Saarka Dukhonin: Biography, dhimashada, iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Inta lagu guda jiro cas Dagaalkii Sokeeye kala duwan loo yaqaan ciqaabta dilka ka baxsan sharciga, taasoo muujinaysa toogashada. Rasmiga ah lagu xukumay dil ka dhawaajisay sida "gan!". Laakiin waxaa jiray oo kale si qarsoodi ah qaatay weedho sida "dir Aakhiro." In dayrta ee 1917 waxaa jiray weedha "dir xarunta dhexe ee General Dukhonin". Aan u ogaato oo ahaa inta badan guud ahaan, xarunta u ah oo Bolsheviks soo diray dhibanayaasha ay.

sawirka taariikhi ah

In buuqooda of guud ee Ruush qarnigii labaatanaad Dukhonin ka ciyaaraan door aad caadi ahayn. Bishii November 1917, Dukhonin magacaabay Sare Taliyaha ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Dowladda ku meel gaarka ah, kaas oo isaga ku riday boosta, xilligan ahaa jiheysteen. Ay xukuumadda cusub ee la helay Bolshevik doonayay in ay ku soo rogi on fikradda guud ee nabad ku samaynaya la Germany at khasaaro xad ah, iyo xaaladaha lagu raafadiyay ceeb Russia. Tani waxay awoodi kari waayay inay General Dukhonin, kuwaas oo Biography muujiyey dagaalka camal.

Hawlaha Dukhonin dayrta ee 1917 ee heerka Mogilev aqoonsan by taariikhyahan anti-dadka iyo counterrevolutionary. General eedeeyay caasinnimada go'aannada xukuumadda Bolshevik ah, in guud, iyo sidoo kale ciidanka, ma dhaartay.

Xaqiiqada ah in ay sameeyaan xal kuwan, General Dukhonin hore dhab baabbi'in kari waayay, ninna u maleeyay. General helay keligiis hore ee "ciidankii reer adventurers siyaasadeed" oo ay ka faa'iidaystaan burburkii dawladda, loogu talo galay in la burburiyo ciidamada iyo ciidanka iyo indho la'aan dalka gashay fowdada Bolshevism. Fursadaha guud ahaayeen mid aad u liita, laakiin isagu wuxuu sameeyey wax walba oo uu kari waayeen, waayo, wixii la danbeyn dilay. Camal geesinimo iyo dhimasho quus of General Dukhonin siin xaq u leeyihiin inay isaga u yeedhaan oo waddani ah oo run ah Russia.

Childhood iyo Waxbarashada

Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin waxa uu ku dhashay gobolka Smolensk, December 13 (December 1, style jir) ee 1876, ee qoyska ka mid ah kuwii gobta ahaa. In 1894 wuxuu dhamaystay waxbarashada uu dugsiga ciidamada Vladimir magaalada Kiev oo u tegey Moscow inaad wax ka barato dugsiga saddexaad Aleksandrovskoe. Ka dib ka qalin college ee 1896, Dukhonin dhigta hay'ad kale ciidamada waxbarasho - General Shaqaalaha Academy ah. In 1902, uu dhameystirtay tababarka ee Akaademiyadda, heshay darajo kabtanka Guard oo markiiba ku daray in Shaqaalaha Guud.

xirfadiisa Military Dukhonin aad si degdeg ah u horumarsan. Dhiidhiyaan Taliyaha shirkadda isreebreebka iyo guuto, bishii November 1904 uu noqday caawiye sare oo ka mid ah Shaqaalaha lugta Division. In 1906, Nicholas helay Order ee heerka sadexaad ee St. Stanislaus iyo St. Anne, iyo waxa loo magacaabay caawiye sare oo dhan degmada ciidamada Kiev. Marka ee Kiev, Dukhonin guursaday Natale Verner - gabar qurux badan oo waxbarasho, kuwaas oo ahayd gabadhii sharaf ka Kiev.

xirfadiisa Hore

In dayrta ee 1908 Nicholas bilaabay barayay cilmiga dhowr School Kiev ee Militariga. Sannadkii 1911, kii ayaa loo darajo ah kornayl ka hor. In dayrta ee 1912 Dukhonin xarunta, halkaas oo uu ka noqday caawiye sare oo ku soo laabtay.

Nikolai Nikolayevich, laga bilaabo wakhtiga uu tababar military, waxay leeyihiin xiriir wanaagsan la General Alexeyev - oo madax ka ah xarunta degmada. Iskaashiga iyo xidhiidhka shaqsi ah la Alekseev hadhay xasuusta of Nikolai Nikolaevich sumadda tirtiri karin. Alekseev, oo ka hadlaya Dukhonin, ogaadaa heerka sare ee xirfadda shaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka.

In xagaagii 1913 Colonel Dukhonin bixiyey safar u dagaaleed oo ka mid ah ciidamada Austro-Hungarian-jooge ah. Waqti uu Europe si degdeg ah ku soo gashay dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, oo waxay ku dhacday Austria-Hungary baxay sida cadowga koowaad ee Russia, safarka oo intaasu waxay ahayd in ka badan oo muhiim ah. Guul leh ku dhammaysanaysid howlgalka, Colonel helay Order ee St. Vladimir oo ahaa darajadii afraad, oo markaas sii Military Kiev ee Circle - Taliyaha qaybta sirdoonka.

Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka

Markii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Dukhonin magacaabay a adjutant Department Quartermaster Shaqaalaha General sare oo ka tirsan ciidamada Saddexaad ee degmada Kiev ciidamada. Army, isagoo xubin ka mid ah Koonfurta Bari ee Front, ka qayb qaatay dagaalka Galicia, kaas oo lagu qabtay ka August 5 ilaa September 8, 1914. In Dukhonin hawlaha ka mid ah kormeerka sirdoonka. Iyadoo waajibaadka Colonel loo xilsaaray uu xaliyay niyad jabka. Intii lagu guda jiray sahan ah in 1914 at qalcadda ee Przemysl of our hadalka ahaa geesiga kooxda ee Order ee St. George heerka afaraad.

kornayl dhallinyarada aan fadhiisan kari ee xarunta, iyo in 1915 uu ku adkeystay on iyada diraya horteeda. Sidaas Dukhonin ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha 165 th ku lugta Ciidankii of Lutsk. Iyada oo hoos amarkiisa, guutada daboolay gurasho ee lugta Division 42aad ee dagaallada meel u dhow tuulada Mokreє (magaca Yukreeniyaan). Waayo, hanuun xirfad iyo geesinimo Dukhonin abaal Order ee St. George, hadda waa heerka saddexaad. Abaalmarinta Tani waxa ay ahayd sharaf weyn, maxaa yeelay, Amarka oo ahaa darajadii labaad, waayo, wakhtigii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka ka heshay afar kaliya.

In May 1916 Dukhonin noqday Quartermaster Shaqaalaha Guud ee Front Koonfur-ka, oo caawiye u dhow General Brusilov - Chief of ciidammadii Front.

February kacaanka

The dhacdooyinka of February Revolution ee Nikolaevich Nikolay Duhonin si degan uga jawaabay. Waxa uu ahaa nin macquul ah, ma uu ogayn inay addeecaan xukuumadda cusub iyo in uu abaabulo-goosato ah oo ku saabsan lagu xirto cas aan micno lahayn oo aan waaqici ah marka la eego talaabo military. Ha ku celin waayo-aragnimo ah ee noqday Guud kale (Miller iyo Keller) Dukhonin ku heshiiyeen in ay iskaashi la Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah, laftiisa Positioning daafaca ee dalka, oo aan ka wakiil ah danaha qof. In erayadii Kerensky, Dukhonin ahaa nin bashaash oo daacad ah kuwaas oo ilaa hadda waa ka machinations siyaasadeed. Waxa uu ahaa, sida ay Kerensky, ayuu mid ka mid ah kuwa saraakiil dhallinyaro ah oo kala wareegay Petra Velikogo iyo farshaxanka Suvorov guusha ahaa, in, iyo waxyaabo kale, loogu tala galay ixtiraamka keceen.

In May 1917, General Nikolai Dukhonin madax xarunta Front Koonfur-Galbeed ee. Horraantii August ee isla sanadkaas wuxuu noqday a-guud Sarreeye oo ah madaxa shaqaalaha ee Front Galbeed. 10 September, ka dib markii General Alexeyev casilay Dukhonin keentay Xarunta Sare ee Kerensky.

Halkan waxa uu ku qoray Lieutenant General Denikin on Dukhonin "Kerensky iyo wakiillo ka socda dimuqraadiyadda kacaan helay isku aragtida, ay la sugayay muddo dheer. Waxa uu ahaa askari geesi ah iyo sarkaal ka tirsan xirfad diiday wax kasta oo nacayb siyaasadeed. " Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin ku heshiiyeen in ay door, sida iska cad naftiisa wadankiisa uu badbaadiyo halis sumcadiisa, iyo ugu danbeyn, ayaa sheegay in Denikin.

October Revolution The

Horraantii Oktoobar, General Dukhonin si daacad ah door ah "taliye farsamo", taas ayaa laftiisa ka go'an in ay ilaalinta Dawladda Ku-meelgaarka ah. By amar of Kerenskogo Nikolay Nikolaevich uu tarjumay dhowr cutub military xooggan ee goobta stress ugu badnaan. Later, Bolsheviks ku guulaysteen razagitirovat qaybaha oo dhan.

Marka in Petrograd bilaabay kacdoonkii October, Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin abuuray koox gaar ah Mogilev ah isuduwidda ee dhacdooyinka ku hor gudaha. Laakiin hortago burburkii ciidanka, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas gaadhay jiro boosaska, waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn.

October 25, 1917 Dukhonin ka codsaday in ay ciidanka, isku dayayaan in ay iyada xusuusiyo waajib in Fatherland iyada u baahan tahay si ay u dhamaystiraan is-xakamaynta iyo nabadda ee maskaxda, boos adag on jagooyinka iyo caawiyaan dowladda. Wuxuu dhambaal uu si Petrograd diray dalbanayaan Bolsheviks si degdeg ah u joojiyaan falalka ay ku, laabtiissu u qabashada hubka leh ee xoog iyo inuu adeeco Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah. Haddii kale, ayuu yiri, ciidanka taageeri lahaa baahida this by xoog. Isla mar marka ciidanka la gebi ahaanba burburay iyo Jarmalka ee West ah, ka faa'iidaystaan this, dhan waxaan samayn karin, General, - diraya telegrams halis.

Inta lagu jiro Habeenka of November 26-27, si ay u bartaan in si Kerensky diray a "xulka lugta xoog leh" Dukhonin guud jeediyay si ay u waajahaan "laba baabuur gaashaaman lagu kalsoonaan karo." Sidaas darteed, ciidamada Bolshevik si fudud oo dhaqso guulaystay Palace Winter ah. Subaxnimadii 27-kii ee Nikolai Nikolaevich waxaan isaga u diray dhambaal uu uga dalbanaysid inay joojiyaan howlaha ay rabshad, iyo in ay soo gudbiyaan in Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah. dhowr saacadood iyadoo heerka ka dib markii guddi ciidanka go'aansadeen in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin si ay u caawiyaan Moscow. Isagoo ku guuldareystay inuu heshiis la aroor guddiyada ciidanka Dukhonin by telegraam codsaday on 29 October si A. Kaledin, oo isaga wax laga weydiiyay suurtogalnimada in ay u diraan si ay caasimadda ka mid ah xulka Don Cossacks si ay ula dagaallamaan kacdoonkii ee Moscow iyo sii March on Petrograd gaaraan. jawaab General Dukhonin ma ay sugin.

jagada Taliyaha Sare

Marka March on Petrograd guuldareystay, on November 1, Kerensky habeenkii Dukhonin magacaabay Taliyaha Sare, sababta oo ah bixitaankii in Petrograd. General war ciidamada uu ballan, iyaga oo ku boorriyay in ay sii jagooyinka ay. November 1 Dukhonin warqad ka Kornilov, taas oo Laurel G. Guud yeeri kakanaanta ee hawsha in dhacay garbihiisa helay, iyo baahida loo qabo in tallaabo dhiso in uu abaabulo dagaalka ka dhanka ah fowdo soo socda.

Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin fahamsan yahay in khatarta ugu weyn ee aan ka filan karto gadaal halkii hore. Wuxuu u fiirsaday waajib inuu si ay u taageeraan dowladda ku meelgaarka sida mid amar kaliya ee sharciga ah. Cabsanaya sumcad sida mujrim ugu muhiimsan ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye, uu ku koobnayn in falalkiisa. Taliska Sare ayaa lagu muujiyey in uu ka aaminsan tahay Dagaalkii Sokeeye, markii la soo saaray amar ah in ay joojiyaan ciidamada dhaqaaqin Petrograd. Bet Dukhonin soo horjeeda dowladda Bolshevik ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii uu keligiis ahaa.

November 7 guud oo boqorka ciidankiisana waxaa Dukhonin helay amar ka Golaha Commissars Dadka, sida uu sheegay wixii uu lahaa oo ka codsaday madaxda ciidammada cadowga iyo ku bixiyaan in la joojiyo dagaalka oo fadhiiso fadhiyo miiska wada xaajoodka. Xaaladdan oo kale, macluumaadka oo dhan ka wada xaajoodka uu lahaa si ay u gudbiyaan si Smolny ah. Marka Bolsheviks siiyey amarka, waxay ahaayeen lid ku ah aragtida guud. Haddii la raaci waayo amarka ka dhigan tahay in ay leeyihiin sabab ah in la aqoonsado Dukhonin cadowgiisa, oo sidaas daraaddeed cadow dadka.

Ogyahay kakanaanta xaaladda, 8 Saarka guud November Dukhonin maalintii oo dhan fakaro wax ku saabsan. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u ciyaaro mar, iyadoo la isticmaalayo xaqiiqada ah in fariin radio by xeerarka la soo saaray amarka. Dukhonin telegraphed Wasiirka War ah in view of radiogram gaarka ah muhiimadda uu ma samayn karaan go'aannadooda ku saabsan ay ka kooban tahay, tan iyo markii ay ma leedahay taariikhda iyo tirada.

call khaas ah

Bolshevik kacdoon General Dukhonin ma iman ay u dhadhamiyaan. Habeen 8 ilaa 9 November, Golaha Commissars Dadka in qofka of Lenin, Stalin iyo Krylenko yeedhay Duhonininu si ay u caddeeyaan in ay meel ku saabsan amarka fulinta. guud ayaa bilaabay inuu jawaab by isagoo sheegay in Commissars Shacabka waxa uu ka codsaday in xulafada ku heshiiyaan in ay wadahadal nabadeed. Ka dibna wuxuu ka hadlay sida uu malo in Bolsheviks si toos ah aysan la gorgortami karin Xulafada, oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay u baahan tahay wakiil ah dowladda dhexe. Commissars ma faallo on weedhaha of General iyo si fudud isagii weyddiistay bal inuu ahaa in la siiyo jawaab qeexan amarrada iyo fuliyaan amar uu diyaar u yahay.

Gen. Nikolai Dukhonin diiday si ay u fuliyaan amarada Bolsheviks ah. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu la ceyriyay. Tan iyo markii ugu horeysay ee uu u bedelo Taliyaha Sare ka mid ahaa ma, ayuu ku hadhay booskiisa ilaa raadinta ahaa musharax ku haboon. Si dhakhso ah, oo meeshiisiina waxaa iman calan Krylenko.

Ka dib wada hadalka telefoonka habeen ee la madaxda Bolsheviks ah, General Nikolai Nikolaevich Dukhonin soo gabagabeeyey in Dadka Commissars, taas oo aan la si gaar ah la aqoonsado go'aansaday in ay isku dayaan in ay ka doodaan iyada oo madax ahaa, cilmiga la siiyey awood militari.

Qaraarka ku biiro xabad

November 10 waxaa la sheegay in Mogilev Bolsheviks ogol yahay ciidamada si ay u galaan in ay xabad joojin u gaar ah ay kula jireen cadowga, ma diiwaan on ansixinta Tartannada. Wadahadalada ayaa la ogol yahay inay soo galaan golayaasha la soo doortay, laga bilaabo guddiyada regimental. Oo kaliya in saxiixa heshiiska heshiis xabbad joojin khasab ah waxay ahayd inay xukuumadda qaado. Waxa ay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda dunida, marka gudniinka waxaa loo isticmaalay xabad. Barashada of this, Dukhonin la yaabay. Oo wuxuu arkay in guushii siyaasadda this of fowdo iyo burbur guud ee qarannimada. Guud ahaan ma aan addeecin go'aanka SNK, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ay aqoonsadaan ka mid ah ciidanka kale ka dib markii.

November 13 cusub Sare Taliyaha Krylenko gaaray Dvinsk, halkaas oo ciidanka xarun u ahaan jiray shanaad ee Northern Front ah. Maalintii xigtay, wakiiladiisa wadahadalo kula galeen amarka Germany, ku xad waajibaadka sida xulafo la ah Ruushka. November 15 Dukhonin si cad u sheegay in ka hor inta guusha kama dambaysta badan unit Jarmalka uu sameyn doonaa wax kasta si ay u Russia rumoobay amarkeedii in xulafada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, General Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin ogaa Tartannada maalmood la tiriyey. In wada hadal kula General Shcherbachov wuxuu weyddiiyey dambaysta ah in lagu xidho by Taliyaha Sare, haddii isu wax dhacaan. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo talinaynaa Shcherbachev Dukhonin guurto GHQ in Kiev. Oo wakhtigaas waxaa halkaas oolli jiray awood, Central Rada ah, oo ma aqoonsana dowladda Soviet. Isla Nikolai Nikolaevich talinayaa Lt. Gen. Lukomsky.

In dhamaadka, 18 November shaqaalaha Tartannada bilaabay inuu ka tegin, laakiin guud isdhex. Markaan ogaaday in qabriga waa in ay ahaataa tareen gaashaaman la kacaan ah, wuxuu ogaaday in qaddar ee Tartannada horay loo dejiyay. Maalinta ku xigta, markii saraakiishii oo ka mid ah guuto soo baxay, waayo, bet a taagan, Dukhonin ku qasbay in uu ka tago magaalada. Ma uusan dooneyn isku kacsanayd. Inta lagu jiro Habeenka of November 20, guud ahaan waxay u cid direen Bykhov wakiiladooda si ay u sii daayaan General Kornilov iyo kuwii la jiray. All si fiican u tegey, oo habeenkaas ay magaalada ku hadhay. The isla General Nikolai Dukhonin ma doonayaan in ay ka cararaan. Waxa uu qirtay inuu la xiri lahaa ama xataa toogtay, laakiin waxa dhacay uu ahaa ka baxsan xataa saadaasha ugu xumaa.

dhimashadii General Dukhonin

November 20 General Krylenko gaaray Mogilev in ay qaataan on post ee Taliyaha Sare Dukhonin. Nikolai Krylenko go'aansaday in aanay sugin in dhismaha Tartannada madhan, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa waqti kasta ayaa noqon kara dhibbane lynching askari ee. Waxayna xidhan dhar rayid ah, oo wuxuu aaday inuu saldhiga gacanta-to-gacanta kiiska wareejiyo si uu "bedelka", laakiin ugu dambaysta waxay tageen magaalada. Markaas Nicholas baxay inuu taliyaha ah ee tareenka si ay u sugaan Krilenko isaga. Half saacad ka dib, news in Dukhonin fadhiya tareen si deg deg ah ka iibiyey oo dhan saldhigga. oo ku saabsan baabuur ugu dhakhsaha badan dad ka mid ah rag hubeysan, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan in ay qaboojiso taarkan ee kaliya muuqaalka kore ee Krylenko. Laakiin ma aha, waayo muddo dheer.

General Dukhonin, sawiro aan ku kala duwan yihiin oo tayo fiican leh, isaga qudhiisa soo bandhigay oo isku dayay in uu la hadlo uu, laakiin waxa uu ahaa ma dhageysto. Krylenko dareenka oo dhan waxaa diiradda lagu saaray dadkii badnaa caasiyiinta, kuwaas oo doonayay in ay ka aar gudan Dukhonin. baxriyiintii Qaar ka mid ah xitaa helay gaariga galay iyo brotokoolka riixay Krylenko, isku dayo inuu xakameyso kooxda. Marka xaaladda gebi ahaanba ka maqan yahay gacanta, Dukhonin dadkii badnaa u yimaadeen, waxay ku yidhaahdeen, "Waxaad doonay inay arkaan General Dukhonin? Waxaan ahay idinka soo hor jeedda. Waxaan u tegey ... ". Guud si ay u dhammeystiraan lama siiyo. Waxa uu ku dhuftay in dib la soor ah iska tuuray baabuur ah. Si waxashnimo ah dillacshay by jidhka guud, ayaa baxriyiintii tageen magaaladii si ay naagtiisii u dilaan. Markii dadkii badnaa oo jabsaday guri guud ah, naagtiisa ma ahaa guriga. Natalia jiray kiniisaddii, halkaas oo ay ka heleen saaxiib. Isagoo ka hadlayay ku saabsan sida guud lagu dilay Dukhonin gabar Natalia qariyey guriga.

Later, AI Denikin, oo aan ahaa taageere ee damacyadii kacaan Dukhonin, laakiin wuxuu ahaa inuu naftiisa ku leedahay, ayaa sheegay in Nicholas ahaa nin daacad ah, kuwaas oo ka war nuxurka hubka ee daynta in wajiga cadowga. "Laakiinse kuwaas oo dhan is burinaya ee kacaan Nikolai rajo qasan" - ayuu kor u soo koobay Denikin.

By November 21 xaaladda ahaa caadi in Mogilev. Krylenko ahaa awoodaan si ay u joojiyaan lynchings iyo rakibi ammaanka shayga ugu muhiimsan. On amar uu Dukhonin meydkiisiina waxaa lagu riday sanduuq oo ku qaadeen dhismaha xarunta. Oo aroorta waxaa ilaalinaya tegey Natalia. Wakiilka of Taliyaha cusub ee Sare iyada guursaday rabrabtii oo ka Krylenko wejiga keenay tacsi. General qudhiisa ayaa u muuqday on indhaha naag carmal ah. Waxaa jira version kale sida laga soo xigtay oo jirka Dukhonin soo iibsaday by naagtiisii badmaax oo caasiyoobay, samatabbixiyey ee Kiev oo ka mid ah oo qabuuraha degaanka lagu aasay. Taasi uu story dhameystirtay General Dukhonin. qabrigii Nikolai Nikolaevich 1934 waa on xabaalo Lukyanovka magaalada Kiev.

Waxaa weli kaliya in aad ku darto in on 21 November magaalada Brest-Litovsk, Bolsheviks bilaabay wadahadalo on gabagabeeyo nabad Brest ah, taas oo aan loo qaadan Karin ku tilmaamay ceeb. Last qiimeeyo, laakiin caqabad aad u xanibayo in General Dukhonin wejigana jidh reebay.

gunaanad

General Dukhonin, kuwaas oo Biography ahaa mawduuca of our hadalka, mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu naxdinta buuqooda Ruush ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Waxa ay muujinaysaa sida ay u adag tahay in ay daafac dhabta ah ee waddankooda - daacad ah iyo kuwa Samra. Odhaahda, "gudbiyo xarunta dhexe ee General Dukhonin" la xidhiidha dhimashada ceeb ka soo gaartay goobasho hirarkii qanciyay Avengers ah. Laakiin ha naftaada qudhiisu khasaarahanaga Dukhonin dareemay, tegaya inuu safar la soo dhaafay?