Heerkulka Daily Jupiter

Jupiter - mid ka mid ah shan meerayaasha nidaamka qoraxda, taas oo lagu arki karaa cirka habeenkii oo aan wax alaabtii indhaha. Weli ma fikrad ay size, ka cirbixiyeyaasha qadiimiga ah ayaa waxaa lagu qoray magaca ilaah sarreeya Roman.

Kulan Jupiter!

idiinna ee Jupiter ka Sun ee 778 million km. Sannad waxaa socdaa 11,86 sano Earth. wareeg dhamaystiran hareeraha dhidibka u qabata meeraha keliya 9 saacadood iyo 55 daqiiqo, iyo latitudes kala duwan xawaaraha wareeg kala duwan, iyo ku dhowaad dadab iyo in ay diyaarad kastana falagiisuu dhex of dhidibka, ku dheehan yahay ee isbeddel xilliyeedka ma dhacdo ah.

Jupiter heerkulka dusha - 133 Sentigareed (140 K). Gacan ka badan 11 ka weyn, iyo mass 317 jeer ka weyn yahay ee gacan iyo mass ee caalamka. Mugga (1.3 g / cm ³⁾ dhigma Qorraxda iyo cufnaanta waa weyn u wax ka yar cufnaanta ee dhulka. Cuf Jupiter 2.54 jeer, halka duurka ku magnetic waa 12 jeer ka badan ku soo koobin mid ah dhulka. heerkulka maalintii on Jupiter jiro kala duwan iyo habeenka. Tan waxa u sabab masaafada u weyn oo ka Sun iyo geedi socodka awood badan dhacda oo uurkii caalamka.

Xilligii ee barashada cilmiga indhaha ee caalamka shanaad helay in 1610 by Galileo. Waxa uu ahaa kii helay ugu weyn iyo afartii Satellite ee Jupiter. Maanta waannu og nahay of 67 jidhadhka samada, xubno ka mid ah nidaamka Rafaa Planetary.

cilmi taariikhda

Ilaa 1970, meeraha bartay by dhulka, ka dibna hantida orbital ee indhaha iyo radio - safafka iyo gamma. heerkulka Jupiter ayaa markii ugu horaysay la qiyaasay in 1923 by koox ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta ka Louelovskoy Observatory (Flagstaff, United States). Isticmaalka thermocouple vacuum ah, cilmi ogaaday in meeraha waa "hubaal jirka qabow." galku Photoelectric daboolaya Jupiter, xiddigaha iyo spectroscopic falanqaynta keentay in go'aan ay ka ku saabsan ka kooban ee ay jawiga.

duulimaadyo Xiga pride interplanetary safeeyey iyo aad bay u balaariyay macluumaadka ururtay. ergooyinka saarnayn "Pioneer 10, 11" ee 1973-1974. meeraha ugu horeysay wareejiyo images meel dhow (34 kun km.), xogta ku saabsan qaab dhismeedka of jawiga, oo suun shucaaca magnetic. Baabuurta "Voyager" (1979), "Ulysses" (1992, 2000). "Cassini" (2000) iyo "New Horizons" (2007) sameeyey cabbirka hagaagtay argument Jupiter iyo nidaamka Planetary, iyo "Galileo" (1995-2003 GG.) iyo "Juno" (2016) ku biiray madaxda sare ee satalayt macmal Rafaa.

Qaab dhismeedka Gudaha

core Planetary ah oo ku saabsan 20 kun km. dhexroor, oo ka kooban xaddi yar oo dhagax weyn oo bir ah hydrogen waxaa cadaadiyay in 30-100 million atmospheres. heerkulka Jupiter aaga ku saabsan 30000 waa? C. Yaruna Miisaanka - 3 ilaa 15% of mass guud ee caalamka. Heat jiilka muhiimka ah ee Jupiter lagu sharaxay by hab ay Kelvin - Helmholtz. Nuxurka of ugub ku been in xaqiiqda ah in qaboojinta si kadis ah qolof ah barxadda dibadda ah (heerkulka dusha waa -140˚S Jupiter) dhibic cadaadis dhacdaa, taasoo keenta riixo ee jirka iyo kuleylka xiga ee asaasiga ah.

A qoto dheer lakabka dheeraad ah 30 ilaa 50 kun. Km, waa walax bir ah iyo hydrogen dareere ka nijaasta daahiriya ee helium. Iyada oo ka kaxayntu ay of cadaadis asaasiga ah ee ku yaala goobahan waa la dhimay ilaa 2 million atmospheres, heerkulka Jupiter dhaco 6000? C.

jawi Qaabdhismeedka. Lakabyada iyo Halabuurka

xuduud cad u dhaxeeya dusha sare ee caalamka iyo jawiga kajirin. Inta lagu jiro ay lakabka hoose - troposphere - culumadu qaatay gobolka caadiga ah, taas oo cadaadiska dhiganta dhulka. layers dheeraad ah, meel fog ka "dusha", waxay ku yaalaan amarka soo socda:

• ahan (ilaa 320 km).
• thermosphere The (ilaa 1000 km).
• Exosphere.

On su'aasha ah ee waxa heerkulka on Jupiter, jawaabta cad ma jiraan. In jawi is dal geedi socodka convection qasan sababa kulaylka gudaha ee caalamka. disc fiirsanayo leedahay qaab xariijimaha fahmayaan. The guutooyin cad (goobaha) tacsida hawada kor kici ee mugdiga (suumanka) - hoos dhici, la xirrira siddo convective. In lakabyada sare heerkulka Thermosphere gaadho 1000? C, iyo horumarinta si qoto dheer iyo cadaadis sii kordhaya si tartiib tartiib ah ku dhacaa, in qiimaha xun. Iyada oo gaaritaanka troposphere heerkulka Jupiter bilaabaa in uu soo sara kaco.

The sare layers of jawiga waa isku dar ah hydrogen (90%) iyo helium. Halabuurka ee ugu hooseysa, halkaas oo dhismaha weyn ee daruur sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah methane, ammonia, sulfate ammonium iyo biyo. Falanqaynta Spectral muujinaysaa joogitaanka raad ethane, propane iyo alxamaad, cyanide hydrogen iyo carbon monoxide, xeryahooda baaruud iyo fosfooraska.

daruur heerarka

kala duwan oo ka mid ah midabo kala daruur Jovian muujinaysaa joogitaanka in ay ka kooban of kiimiko ah oo adag. Qaab dhismeedka ayaa daruurtii si fudud loo arki karaa saddex xidhka:

• Upper - cokan kiristaalo oledenevshego ammonia.
• fiirsashada Celceliska hydrosulfide ammonium aad buu u badiyey.
• In hoose ee - biyo baraf iyo laga yaabee ku dhibco biyo yar.

model Qaar ka mid ah Hawada horumariyo by saynisyahano iyo cilmi ma saarayso joogitaanka daruur tier kale ka kooban ammonia dareere ah. shucaaca qoraxda iyo kartida tamarta awood Jupiter ayaa bilaabay socodka oo ka mid ah geedi socodka badan oo kiimikada iyo jireed ee jawiga of caalamka.

ifafaale Hawada

goobaha Xuduudaha iyo goobaha on Jupiter waxaa lagu gartaa dabaylo xoog badan (ilaa 200 m / sec). From dhulbaraha inay ulaha xilliyo talantaalli ah tilmaamaha socodka. xawaaraha dabaysha ayaa hoos u sii kordhaya iyada oo loolka iyo pole waa ficil ahaan maqan. baaxadda ifafaale Hawada caalamka (duufaanada, hillaac, aurora) amar ah magnitude ka xoogbadan, dhulka. Loo yaqaan Great Red Spot wax kale ma aha sida duufaan oo kale Rafaa, aad iyo aad u size of laba saxannada aagga jidhadhka dhulka. Miidda ah waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah oo saarnaa dhinac ilaa dhinac. In ka badan boqol sano indhaynta ay size muuqata kala qaaran yihiin.

mission kale oo ka mid ah "Voyager" waxaa la aasaasay, in xarumaha of qaababka Uubo jawi gaad la hillaac, dhinacyada toosan ka sii badan tahay kun kiilomitir.

Ma jiraa nolosha on Jupiter?

badan oo su'aal ka dhigi doonaa wareer. Jupiter - meeraha, heerkulka dusha kuwaas oo (iyo sidoo kale jiritaanka dusha) waa mugdi - lagama yaabo in uu noqdo "u ishaartay xaggiisa of maanka." Laakiin jiritaanka noolaha noolaha in jawiga Rafaa ah ee 70-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, saynisyahano aan meesha ka saaray. Xaqiiqada ah in cadaadiska sare iyo heerkulka waa mid aad u wanaagsan, waayo muuqaalka iyo falgalka kiimikada ku lug ammonia ama Consort. Astronomer Carl Sagan iyo astrophysicist E. Salpeter (USA), hanuuniyey by sharciyada jirka iyo kiimikada, dhigay male geesi ah noocyada nolosha, jiritaanka taas oo aan la saaray in xaaladahan:

• Sinker - sheyga in si degdeg ah oo tiro badan u badin karaa, jidaynayey dadweynaha si ay u noolaadaan jawi beddelo of socodka convective ah.
• Floaters - shimbiraha Rafaa sida buufinta. Sii daynta helium culus, fakadaan ee layers sare.

Anyway, ama ayan "Galileo" ama "Juno" waxba nooca laga helay.