Ismail Gasprinskii ee taariikhda Crimean

Ismail Gasprinskii, kuwaas oo nolosha iyo shaqada waa tusaale u badan - oo ah bare fiican Crimean, qoraa, publisher iyo tirada dadweynaha. In warqad this, waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa Biography kooban oo qof caan ah. Waxa kale oo aanu kuu sheegi ah oo ku saabsan doorka ka ciyaaray by Ismail Gasprinskii ee taariikhda Crimea.

Asal ahaan, carruurnimada

Ismaaciil waxa uu ku dhashay March 1851. Dhacdadani waxa ka dhacay Avdzhikoy tuulada yaalla meel u dhow Bakhchisaray. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa Sarreeye ah by magaca Mustafa. Waxbarashada aasaasiga ah Ismail Gasprinskii guriga ka helay, ka dib markii taas oo uu ku bartay ee tuulada dugsiga-mektebe (dugsiyada Muslim). Ka dib markii in, uu ka gymnasium Simferopol ka qalin jabiyay waxaa markaas ka diiwaangashan arday Voronezh ku Corps.

In muddo ah ka 1864 si ay u 1867, Ismail Bey Gasprinskii bartay dugsiga Moscow ciidamada. Act ee sida hay'ad qiimaha uu kari maxaa yeelay, aabbihiis ahaa ee adeegga dadweynaha. Waxaa intaa dheer, Mustafa Gasprinskii iska leh panulirus ee Crimean Murza ah, kuwaas oo u dhigantaa halka abtirsan Ruush.

xiriiro muhiim ah, formation of fikradaha

Ismail ee Moscow saaxiibbo bay noqdeen, oo ahaa ina Mihaila Katkova, editor of "Moscow News" iyo Slavophile caan ah. Mararka qaarkood Gasprinskii ku noolaa qoyskiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in uu dhawaan ku soo laabtay dalkiisa. Ismail bilaabay barayay Bakhchisarai (in Zincirli Madrasa) ee 1867. 3 sano ka dib, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Paris, halkaas oo uu ka qeyb galay muxaadaro at Sorbonne oo sidoo kale soo shaqeeyay turjubaanimo oo ahaa xoghayaha of IS Turgenev, qoraa Ruush caanka ah.

Intaas ka dib Gasprinskii ku saabsan sano ah uu ku noolaa Istanbul. From waxaa uu waraaqo u qoray wargeysyada Ruush. Abroad, Ismail qaatay fikradaha iyo aqoonta, kuwaas oo markaas hal-abuur fasiray. Waxa ay ugu cad gelin fikradaha laysku halayn karo, ugu danbeyn galay reformer fiican Gasprinsky jeestay.

xafiiska

Ku soo noqoshada Crimea Ismail muddo noqday macalin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bishii February 1879, wuxuu noqday duqa magaalada Bakhchisarai. In meel this Gasprinskii joogay ilaa March 1884

mirashada Gasprinsky fikradaha uu

In 1881, Ismail qoray maqaalka oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Ruush Islam. Afkaarta, qoraalada iyo indha indheyn ah Muslim ah." Shaqada Tani waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah bayaanka caqliga, oo keliya ma aha ee Gasprinsky. In warqad this, qoraaga la siiyo waxa loogu yeero "su'aalo inkaaran" nolosha. Waa maxay nooca cilaaqaadka waa inuu u dhexeeyo Ruushka iyo Tatar? Maxay noqonayaan Muslimiinta Ruush (tataarka) ee la xiriirta Ruush ah? Maxay ku doonaya masuuliyiinta Ruushka ee la xiriirta tataarka ah, iyo haddii ay ka go'an tahay? All Gasprinsky su'aalaha xiisaha kuwan.

Ismail qadhaadh Hagidda la'aanta ah ee siyaasad isku xidhan in ay dhiiri lahaa faafidda fikradda ah ilbaxnimada reer Russia ka dhanka ah Muslimiinta. Gasprinskii qoray in uu keenay wax badan oo miro qadhaadh Muslimiinta Ruush, iyo guud ahaan dalka. qoraalada The author in Ruush Islam ma dareemaan, ma ogsoona danaha gobolka Ruush. Isagu ma gartaan fikrado, caqiidada, oo aan la garaneyn in uu farxad iyo murug. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyada oo aan aqoon af Ruush insulates Muslim Ruush ka suugaanta Ruush iyo fikirka, iyo sidoo kale dhaqanka universal. Gasprinskii Hagidda in sugan yahay marxad Sixir iyo fikradda hore in laga soocay inta kale ee aadanaha. Sababta oo ah asturi badan, sida uu sheegay Ismaaciil, waa la'aanta ah ee dhamaystiran, siyaasad isku xidhan for inorodcheskogo iyo dadka heterodox.

Koobaya fikradaha ku jira uu maqaalka, Gasprinskii baaqaday in wada ee Muslimiinta Ruush gobolka Ruush hortagtaa Jaahil ah, taasi oo ka tarjumaysa aamin. Waa maxay xalka soo jeediyay by qoraaga xaaladda this? Gasprinskii ayaa aaminsan in koorsada ee quraanka Muslim waa in bandhigo baridda cilmiga kala duwan hoose ee Tatar. Sababo la this ee deegaanka Muslim aqoonta dhex gelin doonaa waxyeello gobolka la'aan. Tani, markeeda, kor loo qaado heerka aqooneed oo ka mid ah wadaadada iyo xubno ka mid ah dabaqadda dhexe. Sidaas waxaa suurtagal ah in kala firdhinta badan oo nacaybka. qiyaas kale soo jeediyay Gasprinsky, - abuurka ah ee xaaladaha wanaagsan loogu talagalay daabaco waxyaabaha daabacan oo Af Tataarka.

Jadidism

Ismail, sida Muslim cibaadaysan, ee Dhigista sawir gudbin abuurista bulsho edeb dadyowga anfici Islam. dibuhabaynta Jadiid noqdo jawaab wax ku ool ah su'aalaha dhibaa baraha. Waa in Ismail mahad waa ka mid ah Muslimiinta ku nool Russia baahsan.

Jadidism soo jeediyay barnaamijka dib u habaynta la xidhiidha waxbarashada. meelaha ay ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda:

• dib u habaynta waxbarashada ee Muslimiinta, waxay keeni waafaqsan heerka Yurub;
• formation of a midaysan loogu talagalay dadka luqada Turkic suugaaneed oo dhan,
• abuuraya bulshada qabeen ah oo rayidka ah,
• kordhin qaybqaadashada bulshada, isbeddel in booska uu ka dumarka Muslim;
• xoojinta xiriirka hadda jira dadka Turkic-Muslim oo ku nool Russia u dhexeeya.

Wargeyska "Terdzhiman"

Gasprinskii soo socda mabaadii'da sharaf leh, ay ku dhawaaqday inay iyaga bilowday ah hawlaha waxbarasho ee firfircoon. Tusaale ahaan, bishii April 1883kii, oo uu ku bilaabay bandhiga in Bakhchisarai wargeyska lagu magacaabo "Terdzhiman" ( "Translator"). Sanado badan, waxa uu noqday jidka keliya ee wargeyska Turkish Russia. In "Terdzhimane" daabacay macluumaad la xiriira arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee hortaala. Wargeyska The u yimaadeen sidii Tatar Crimean iyo luqadaha Ruush.

Marka ugu horeysa, daabacaadda waa todobaadle ah, laakiin markii dambe soo baxay oo saddex jeer todobaadkii, iyo maalin kasta. "Terdzhiman" socday ilaa dhimashadiisii Gasprinsky, yimid in 1914, iyo sidoo kale 4 sano oo kale intaas ka dib. In sannadahan, editor wargeys ahaa wiilkiisii Refat.

wargeysyada iyo majaladaha kale, kuwaas oo la daabacay Gasprinskii

Wargeyska kale, taas oo lagu daabacay Ismail Gasprinskii - todobaadle ah "masago" ( "Nation"). Waxa uu sidoo kale la sii daayay magazine ah haweenka, "Alemi nisvan" ( "World Dumarka"). Shefika Gasprinsky, ina Ismaaciil, wuxuu ahaa tifaftiraha ee magazine this. Laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan publications ku salaysan Gasprinsky. Wuuna sii daayay magazine carruurta on afka Crimean "subyan Alemi" ( "World Carruurta"). Sidoo kale xusid mudan waa qoraal kaftan ah loo yaqaan "Ha-ha-ha!", Kaas oo la aasaasay by Ismail Gasprinskii. Uu Biography, sida aad ka arki kartaa, calaamadeeyay la sii daayo tiro ka mid ah wargeysyada iyo joornaalada.

Abuuritaanka luqad Turkic

Ismail wuxuu damcay inuu hubiyo in dadka Turkic ku nool Russia, ayaa la midoobin ku saleysan abuurka ah ee afka caadi Turkic. Language Gasprinskii tixgeliyo saleysan jiritaanka midnimada Turkic. Ismail horreeya oo dhan isku dayeen si ay u fuliyaan dib u habaynta luqadeed. Waxa uu aaminsan yahay in "midnimada afka" shaqayn kuma soo baxo keligeed, sida haddii ay bulshada oo dhan ka mid ah luqadda iyo la mid ah nooca ka mid ah luqadaha oo ka mid ah dadyowga Turkic uga duwanaayeen. tallaabo muhim ah u wada quruumaha oo dhan, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay horumariyaan nooc ka mid ah Turkish Isberento. Tani luqadda waxaa la abuuray oo ku salaysan Tatar Crimean ah (ay version la casriyeeyay).

Reform Waxbarashada

nidaamka waxbarashada ayaa loo arkaa Gasprinskii, waxa ay sidoo kale ahayd meel muhiim ah in loo baahan yahay dib u habayn weyn. Ismail ayaa soo saartay hab gaar ah oo waxbarasho. Waxaa markii ugu horaysay la tijaabiyey in dugsiga Bakhchsarai ee 1884. Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee habkan ahaa waxbarasho macno leh maadooyinka halkii qoraalka dahsoon waxbarashada caksiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, in nidaamka waxbarashada si firfircoon u isticmaalaan afkooda hooyo, laakiin taasi meesha kama saarayso daraasadda of Ruush, Carabi iyo kuwa kala afka Yurub.

Thanks to dugsiyada si ay u isticmaalaan hababka Gasprinsky, in 15kii sano ee hore ee qarnigii 20-aad, jiil cusub oo ka mid ah waxgaradka Crimean Tatar. Waxay la sameeyey sida reer Yurub, laakiin aan laga badinin aqoonsiga Muslim.

Aqoonsiga, miyi ah Muslimiinta Ruush

In 1903, sannad-guuradii 20aad ee wargeyska "Terdzhiman" waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah gole qaran. Waxaa Gasprinskii loo aqoonsaday "aabbihiis ee Qaranka Ruush Muslimiinta." Muslim Congress hore waxaa lagu fuliyaa by hirgelinta fikradaha is garab-istaaga Turkic-Islamic ay.

Ismail Gasprinskii ee 1905 noqday guddoomiyaha Congress koowaad ee dadka Muslimiinta ah ee Russia. Shirweynaha Tani waxa ay calaamad bilowgii ay midoobeen dhammaan tataarka Ruush. Shirweynaha labaad ee lagu qabtay January 1906 ee St. Petersburg. Ismail Gasprinskii ahaa gudoomiyaha iyo waxa on. At dhacdadan, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay sameeyaan Ururka Muslimiinta ee Russia. Bishii August, 1906 meel u dhow Nizhny Novgorod kulmay Congress Saddexaad. Waxaa la go'aansaday inay u beddesho Midowga aasaasay Muslimiinta (Ittifaq al-Muslimiin) in xisbi siyaasadeed oo gaar ah. Its barnaamij ku salaysan yahay fikirka ah ee Pan-Turkism.

Ismail Gasprinskii: gabayada tix iyo tiraab

I.Gasprinskiy yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya sida tirada dadweynaha, laakiin sidoo kale sida qoraa tayo ah. Waxa uu ku qoray qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii cajiib ah tahay. sheekooyin Gasprinsky iyo tixaha ( "Arslan kyz", "Molla Abbas", "Mid ka mid ah Boqol sano kadib") lagu daabacay wargeyska "Terdzhiman".

Oo sida gabayaa ee loo yaqaan I.Gasprinskiy. gabayo uu ku saabsan Crimea iyo Crimeans hadda loo yaqaan in ay dad badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee dhaxal ahaan gabay qoraaga this waa yar yahay. gabayo uu (oo ku saabsan Crimea -. "Crimea", iwm) waxaa sidoo kale lama yaqaan sabab u ah uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dadweynaha iyo suugaanta.