Siberian Khan Kuchum: Biography, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada

In 1563, ka dib dagaal dheer oo lagu hoobtay ee dhuleed baaxad been u dhexeeya Siberian weyn webiga Irtysh toos ah sort dhaxla Genghis Khan iyo siyaasaddiisa dagaal bedelka - oo addoommo ah Tobol ah ay, wuxuu amarkiisii Khan Kuchum aasaasay. ciidanka Khan, kuwaas oo ka koobnaa Kazakhs, Uzbek iyo Nogai, kuwa dalka deggan oo ah, taas oo uu indhaha hunguri uu bixiyo ka argagaxay.

Bilow qabsaday dalalkan Siberian

Kuchum Khan, kuwaas oo ka kooban Biography iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan, marka lagu daro xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed, dhacdooyin waxya halyeeyada, in noocyo kala duwan oo duubnaadaan oo arrintan ku saabsan, in ay shakhsiyadda midabo iyo kala gaar ah weligiisba joogi doonaa taariikhda Siberia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadaha hore uu yar yahay la garanayo. Macnaheedu record taariikhda soo sheegto oo kaliya in uu ku dhashay ee sanadka 1510-1520 on xeebta Badda Aral ah, degmada, u dhashay magaca Alti-mudac. Qorna "On qaadashada Land Siberian ah", ka kooban Savvoy Esipovym dhamaadka qarnigii XVI, ayaa sheegay in uu ahaa on dhalashadiisa Karakalpakiya.

Si aad u noqoto sayidkaaga ah gobolka Siberian baaxad weyn, Khan Kuchum keentay kooxaha ka kooban qabiil degaanka hoosaysiiyey isaga of, bilaabay in 1555, tallaabo militari oo ka dhan Khan Edigera dhuujinayso marti dalkii ku xiga si ay Irtysh ah. In this uu ka caawiyey ina adeerkiis, oo ahaa taliyihii Bukhara, Abdullah Khan II. miinshaar shisheeyahan in Siberia qabsadaan danaha dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed, iyo sidoo kale Kuchum Khan. Photos soo bandhigay maqaal ah, fikrad ka bixiyaan aqonsado gobolka Siberian, halkaas oo tallaabo u muuqanayo riwaayadaha taariikhiga ah ee soo socda.

Afgembiyo Khan Edigera

dagaalkan, sida kor ku xusan, ku dhamaaday 1563 guul Kuchum Khan, kuwaas oo la wareegay dhul badan oo noqday taliyaha qabiilooyinka barabintsev, CHAT iyo Ostyaks ku nool hareeraha bangiyada of Irtysh ah. Tan iyo markaas, maalkiisa shakhsi bilaabeen inay soo baxaan iyadoo xawaaraha cajiib ah, sida dadka ka guulaystay ayaa waajib ku ah inay si joogto ah u bixiso canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna - baad ah oo ah qaab dhogorta qiimo leh xayawaanka dhogorta-sita.

Sida Khan Kuchum ahayd farac u Genghis Khan, ka dibna qiiro isaga u dhawray dhaqan ammaan ah, oo, qaadashada Kashlyk magaalada - caasimadda ah ee Khan Edigera, wuxuu bilaabay by isagoo sheegay in uu ku dhintay dambaysta ah si wadajir ah ula walaalaha ah Bedbulatom, aarsatid waayo dhimashada uu awoowe, kuwaas oo ku dhintay dhowr sano ka hor by gacmahooda. Life uu ceshan adeer kaliya Edigera - Seydyaku, laakiin kaliya si ay u, silsiladona bay ku xidheen, si ay u soo dir Bukhara oo hadiyad ahaan u Abdullah Khan taageero military uu.

Isku dayo dadyowga Islaamka Siberian

On maadooyinka uu Kuchum Khan waa Muslim cibaadaysan, ugu horreeya oo dhan is ogow of nafihii uu vassals cusub, laakiin waxa ay ku sameeyeen in noocan oo kale ah si fiican u yaqaan ee la joogo dhaqanka of Islam xagjirka ah - dab iyo seef. Laakiin dadka deegaanka taiga taariikh rujin waxay aaminsan yihiin, iyo Sikh, waxayna u ahayd dhow Mullah ah.

Aan ku biiraan iyaga kula doodo fiqi ahaaneed, Kuchum fudud gooyay madaxooda iyagoo leh, kuwaas oo adkeysiga gaar ah. All qodobada haray sharciga gudniinka Mahomet sameeyey labada iskood ah ama xoog. Waxa ay ahayd mabda 'ah in ay sii wadi doonaan in ay si adag u hoggaansamaan Khan Siberian ee Kuchum. Photos of macbudyo jaahilka ah Siberia loo arki karaa in this article.

Rabshado qabiilooyinka degaanka ka mid ah

Jideynta noocan oo kale xoog of Islam ayaa sababay-goosato ah dhawr ka mid ah ay qabsadeen, oo u muuqday in ay u yimaadeen inay la xaaladiisa dadweynaha. magnitude ayaa iska caabin ka qaadeen sida baaxadda ballaaran in Kuchum Khan ayaa lagu qasbay inuu caawimaad aabbihiis ka doondoonaan - Murtaza. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay u diraan xoojiyo uusan ku filnayn, iyo kaliya iyadoo la kaashanayo of fardooley ah ee isku qaraabo Bukhara ah, Abdullah Khan II ahaa awoodaan si ay ula qabsadaan dacwaynin.

Ka dib markii ciidamada soo gaaray ka Bukhara in Siberia iyo wacyigaliyo badan Islamic, waxaa loola jeedaa iimaanka cusub oo kuwa tudhay yataghans steel. falalka noocan oo kale ah oo firfircoon ayaa natiijada, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa ka dib dhimashadii dadka deegaanka Khan ee Siberia ay intooda badan ahaayeen Heathens.

Qaadirka Khanate Siberian ah

In ka sano ee hore ee boqortooyada Khan Kuchum wuxuu ka sameeyey dadaal kasta si loo ballaariyo tirada iyo xoojin ku aasaaseen dawlad. In this, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay gaaraan guul bedelno. Si dhakhso ah, marka lagu daro tataarka iyo Kipchaks ah, waxaan ku jiray gacanta qabiilooyinka Bashkir iyo Khanty-Mansi ah. quruumaha ugu horreeya Free gaartay awood Siberian Khanate, xagga woqooyi u kordhiyay si ay bangiyada of River umuliya ee galbeedka - in Urals ah, iyo xagga koonfureed si steppe Baraba ah. Oo dadkii oo dhammu si wanaagsan u noqon lahaa, canshuurtii in uu waajib ku ah inay bixiso si Tsar Ruush ah haddii aan waayo.

Han Kuchum wuxuu ahaa farcankii si toos ah Genghis Khan, kan ka guulaystay dunida badh in goor hore, iyo qalbigiisa inay Cadha daraadeed, marka uu lahaa hal sano ah si ay wafdi u diri Moscow kumanyaal ah pelts Sable ugu qiimaha badan. Oo haddii khasnaddii Khan awooday in la joogteeyo ka go'dayna waxay noocan oo kale ah, nafta - no. Ugu dambeyntii cadaadiyeen meelo ka mid ah iska caabin ah oo ku saabsan dalalka hoos gacanta, Kuchum aan diiday oo kaliya in ay bixiyaan cashuur booska Russia ee, laakiin sidoo kale doonayeen inay wax ka mid ah in uu Khanate dhulalka ay leeyihiin in ay.

Kuchum Khan iyo Ermak Timofeevich

shayga ugu horeeya ee uu gardarada, waxa uu doortay Perm. Tani waxay ka xanaajiyeen fallaago ah Nogai tataarka, kuwaas oo isku dayay in ay ka faa'idaystaan xaaladda in ay ka go'aan gobolka Ruush. Ka dib Khan in uu qaatay tiro ka mid ah isku day in ay qabsadaan magaalo oo kale oo Ruush, laakiin kaliya kuwa navlok cadhada Ivana Groznogo, kuwaas oo si degdeg ah u soo diray ay u caburiyaan Cossacks uu hoggaaminayo halyeeyga Ermak Timofeevich.

shil Kaliya hal buurta Chuvash ah, kaas oo ka dhacay October 12, 1581 ka yar, ciidamada ay awoodaan in ay siiyaan iska caabin Khan Kuchum Cossacks iyo kada ay weerarka. Laakiin bil ka dib waxay si buuxda loo jebiyey, ka dibna ciidanka, dhawray ka dambeeyaan dadka reer Siberia, carareen. Oo iridda magaalada oo ka mid ah Khanate - Isker City - Ermak ayaa la kulmay iska caabin kasta. La dagaallama isaga la, ilaalinta dadka cusub iyo qof kasta oo la neceb yahay Khan si fudud u ahaa mid ka mid no.

Sababaha sarreeyaan ciidamada Cossacks ka

Tani guul fudud, sida ay taariikhyahanadu, ay sabab u tahay dhawr arrimood. First of dhan, waa in la ogaadaa in Khan Kuchum keentay ciidan wakiilada quruumaha kala duwan, xiriirka mana diimeed ama dhaqan aan la xidhiidhin, iyo inta badan cadowga ku ah midba midka kale.

Waxay door iyo khiyaanay ee qabqableyaasha dagaalka ee deegaanka, kuwaas oo loo arko waxa ay faa'iido in ay Moscow si ay u bixiso canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna waxay boqorkii ugu badan khan dibada ayaa sidoo kale ugu tiirsan taageerada ciidamada Bukharian. Intaa waxaa dheer, ogaaday in rajada ah booli la xisaabtan la'aanta magaalada Ruush soo baxday in la haleeli, waxay si dhakhso ah ilaa dhinaca reer Cossacks ah.

Ugu dambeyntii, waa in aan iloobin in faraha kala bar-waxashnimo khan lahaa in la si fiican loo soo abaabulay, lagu sameeyay tababarka dagaalka unugyada Cossack joogta ah lahaa ee ay qubo hub ka qaban, waxaa gabi ahaanba aan markaas loo yaqaan cidlada ku Siberian. Duruufaha noocaas ah loo ogol yahay askartii of Ermak, waxaa jiray in ka yar kun oo qof oo waqti gaaban si loo xakameeyo iska caabin ah ee cadowga, aad bay u dhaafa xoog tirooyinka.

Marxaladda cusub ee qabsashadii of Khanate Siberian ah

Laakiin maxaabiista dagaalka, sida aynu ognahay, waa guul isbedel iyo u fududahay inta badan dhiiri iskibrin aan loo baahnayn. Niyad, kuwaas oo laga badiyay ciidankiisii oo dhan, oo si dirqi ah kaga baxsadeen cararay Kuchum Khan qaaday magan galay deel Ishim iskala in qaybta koonfureed ee Siberian West Bannaankii. Waxaa uu ahaa awoodaan si ay u ururiyaan kala firdhiyey oo dhan ciidamada steppe iyo shisheeyaha, waxay iyaga ugu ballanqaadaan Qanimaysataan oo hodan ah, soo qaado on Cossacks dagaal on dhaqdhaqaaqa sheegay by dadka deegaanka in ay. Si dhakhso ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo la joogo ku haboon, Kuchum iyaga weeraray iyo suurtagashay in ay weli ku guuleysan.

news ee fashilka ciidamada gaaray Moscow iyo sameeyey Ivana Groznogo soo diray in ay xoojiso Urals hogaaminayo laba taliyayaal khibrad leh - Vasily iyo Ivan hilib jawaan. Sannad ka dib, iyadoo askartii ka mid ah qaansoleydii aan iyaga iyo Daniel Chulkov biiray. Dabcan, waxaa la go'aansaday natiijada kiiska iyo faqiirsan Khan ayaa rajeynaya in laga aarguto. Tan iyo waqti in, ay hawlaha military ayaa waxaa hoos u dhigay Gelitaankii oo kaliya, had iyo jeer ma, si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwaas oo lahaa natiijo lagu guuleysto isaga for.

Guuldaradii iyo duulimaadka Khan Kuchum

Sidaas daraaddeed, in July 1591, ka dib markii mid ka mid ah weerarrada, xerada khan Ishim River ayaa la hareereeyey, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan qabtay qaansoleydii hoos amarka Prince Vladimir Koltsov-Mosalsk. Kuchum mar kale isaga qudhiisu ka carareen, taasoo ka dhigeysa ku guuleysatay sida koob uu laba naagood oo wiilkiisii Abdul-Khair. Saddex sano ka dib, xaaladda la mid ah jasiiradda of Black, oo ku yaalla qeybaha sare ee wabigga ee Irtysh ah. Waxaa, in rajada baxsado boqorka ee ciidamada, Tartars magaalada ayaa waxaa la aasaasay. Weerarka ka dib, ayaa isku dayay askartii Eletski Prince Andrew, wuxuu la qaatay, oo mar kale Khan Kuchum la waayay, taasoo ka dhigeysa Musketeers boolidii.

Ogyahay waxba tarayn ee halganka dheeraad ah, in 1597 Kuchum bixiyey inuu nabadda ka shaqeeya. Markaasuu wuxuu soo kaxaystay waajib ku ah in ay joojiyaan weerarrada, laakiin aan u dalbaday in soo celinta maxaabiista iyo hantida qabsaday. Jawaabta waxa ay ka heshay Moscow, ayaa sheegay in dunida oo dhan waa suuragal ah keliya haddii uu u dhaqaaqo si ay hawsha Tsar Ruushka. Laakiinse innagoo ah Genghis Khan waxa uu ahaa aan la aqbali karin Kuchum diiday oo waxay bilaabeen inay isku uruursadaan xoog dharbaaxo cusub.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee nolosha Khan Kuchum

Tan iyo waqti in, maamulka Moscow, ka dhaadhiciyay ee ay adagtahay in ay gaaraan heshiis la Khan, qaadashada tallaabooyin ugu firfircoon in la dilo. Bishii Agoosto 1598, Koltsov Mosalsk amiirka u maamulaan si ay digniin xereyn ah ee Irmen Khan River. Waxaa la og yahay in dagaalka ku dileen wiilkii, walaalkiis iyo laba ay dhaleen Khan, laakiin isagu wuxuu u suurtagashay in mar kale ay ka baxsadaan. Qaansoleydii lahaa maxaabiista qaar badan oo gob la diray horeysay ee Tobolsk, ka dibna Moscow, halkaas oo, oo ku beegnaa adeegga mahadnaqid guul lagu qabtay qabsaday.

Mar dambe waxaa la sameeyey isku day kale inay ka dhaadhiciso Khan adeegga Ruush, balse ma aysan ku guulaysan. Si taas loo gaaro, in October 1598 oo ahaa taliyihii Prince Voeikov on amar kor uguma carshiga waqtiga Borisa Godunova soo diray in Kuchum ku kalsoon tahay qofka, laakiin mar dambe ayaa la diiday. Waxa aan ahaa guul iyo raaceen hawlgalka, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in lagu soo qabto Khan ka dib, iyadoo la isticmaalayo macluumaadka laga helay dadka deegaanka.

Dhimashadii waxaa naga qarsoon by taariikhda

Dhimashadiisii 1601., hareereysan la hubin la mid ah sida dhalashada. Waxaa jira warar is khilaafsan oo ku saabsan aad u duruufaha Khan naftiisa ku dhamaatay Kuchum. Uu Biography waxaa hoos u dhacay meel u deel badan deggan yahay qabiil semi-guuraaga ah. Laga soo bilaabo ilo qaar ka mid ah waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in ay ahayd meel u dhow isaga ugu dhiig Karakalpak, laakiin in iyaga xanaajiyeen dilka hal mar oo dhan-awooda badan, iyo waqtiga oo dhan cidlo oo ka baxay Khan - waa aan la aqoon.

Siberian Khan Kuchum, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo boqornimadiisa (1563-1568) beegantay muddada qabsashadii of Siberia iyo horumarinta sahamiyayaal ay Ruush, waxay noqdeen qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah taariikhda. Wuxuu galay iyada, oo ay la socdaan iyo wiilashiisii iyo Ablaykerimom Kira dhimasho aabbihiis oo isku dayey wax yar ka badan labaatan sano ay u hayn awood gacmahooda ku qarkiisa ah taiga iyo, kaliya isaga oo kale ah, lagu qasbay in ay ku wareejin xaq in Tsar Ruush ka dib.

taliyaha qoyska of Khanate Siberian ah

Gebogebadii, dhawr eray oo ku saabsan qoys oo ku nool deegaanka ay Khan Kuchum. Biography, dhalasho, dhinacyada siyaasadda iyo marxaladaha kala duwan ee jidka military - macluumaadka, kaas oo ugu horayn barbaro aannu ogaanno in markii la tixgelinayo ama tiradaasi in taariikhiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay noqon doontaa dhamaystirnayn haddii aadan tixgeliyaan agagaarka kuwa iyada jeclaa.

Qoyska Khan Kuchum si buuxda u la xaalka. In ka badan Meyeydaan, oo wuxuu lahaa oo kow iyo toban naagood (oo naagood oo addoommo ah, oo addoommo ma tirin), kuwaas oo intooda badan waxaa iska lahaa sharaf leh dhalashada. Waxay dhashay sagaal gabdhood iyo toddoba iyo wiilashiisii, sidoo kale door ka ciyaaray taariikhda this dadka reer guuraaga ah ee qadiimiga ah. Warkii ku saabsan isla Kuchumov Khan, guulayste of Siberia, ka badbaaday Sanooyin ka badbaaday abuuray ay.