Ivan Bohun - kornayl Zaporizhia Army. History of Ukraine

Waxaa ka mid ah Jeneraaladii, oo ku hogaamiyay in bartamihii qarnigii XVII ee halganka of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks ka gees ah ku lug lahaanshaha Polish, ugu caansan Colonel Ivan Bohun. Isla mar adag this waayo, hooyo uu cadeeyay ma aha oo kaliya sida waddani run ah, laakiin sidoo kale hoggaamiyaha a military hibada, ay awoodaan in ay fuliyaan hawlgallo duurka iyo difaaca ee ka jira magaalooyinka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah hawlaha ay fuliyeen ay ku soo gashay taariikhda ka mid ah taariikhda iyo noqday nooc ka mid ah buugga a for taliyayaasha mustaqbalka.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka ku qarsoon yihiin taariikhda

Taariikhda ayaa sii raagayaan macluumaad dhab ah oo ku saabsan carruurnimada iyo sannadaha hore ee nolosha. Xitaa taariikhda dhalashada waxaa loo yaqaan qiyaastii kaliya. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay Colonel ee 1618 ee Bratslav. Xitaa magiciisu waa muran ka mid ah cilmi. Qaar ka mid ah waxa ay u arkaan naaneesta ah, tan iyo markii uu erayga "Bohun" ee Ukraine ka dhigan tahay cirif ee qalajinta shabagyadoodii. Qaar badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in qofka dhallinyarada ah ee Ivan in Wild Field maray - Gobolka steppe dhexeeya Dniester iyo Don ah.

Ku bilow adeegga ay u hooyo ah

The caddayn horrayn documentary of dhibic Ivan Bohun in uu ka qayb kacdoonkii looga soo horjeeday Sidukiinta Hetman ah, oo uu hoggaaminayo madaxa Yacquub Zaporozhye Cossacks ka Ostryanina. Magiciisana waxaa sidoo kale lala xiriirinayay in ay dhacdo caanka ah ee halganka madaxbannaanida qaranka - kursiga Azov. Muddo shan sano ah (1637 - 1642) si wadajir ah ula Don Cossacks ka Cossacks caabiyay ciidanka Turkish Suldaan Ibrahim, hareeraynta magaalada Azov. In this difaaca Cossack askartii geesinimada hoos amarka Bohun ilaaliyo cadaawayaashiinna istaraatiiji ah goobta muhiim ah - isgoyska Borevskuyu ah Donets Seversky.

Marka in 1648 caasinimo ah ka qarxay hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, sababa xoojinta of hoos u Polish dhulgoosadka dulmi iyo mudnaan ah Cossack Ivan Bohun ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasheeda ahaa. Sannad ka dib, sida kornayl Vinnitsa, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey dhowr sano ee difaaca ka dhanka ah ciidamada Polish Vinnitsa iyo Bratslav. Halkan, isagoo leh xoog aan caadi ahayn muujiyey tayo uu hoggaanka in isaga la oggol yahay, oo taageero ka dadka rayidka ah ee magaalada, guul u badan.

dagaal Berestetskaya iyo ololaha ee Moldova

dhacdooyinka soo socda jidka military uu cajiib ahaa dagaal u dhaxeeya ciidamada Cossacks Zaporozhye ah iyo ciidamada of Dhexe, ka dhacay bilowgii June 1651 magaalada Berestechko on River Styr ah. In dagaalka this, Cossacks ah, xulafadooda daacad tataarka looga adkaaday, laakiin sababta oo ah Bohun ay awoodaan in ay si ku filan u heli baxay deegaanka iyo in ay sii wadaan dagaalka. Soo xulay wax yar ka hor hetman ah, isagu xaq buu isu kala duwanaayeen sida hoggaamiye caqliga iyo garashada leh.

In 1653 ciidan Cossack ee ka yar amarka Ivana Boguna iyo Timofeya Hmelnitskogo - ina Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, ka dhigay safarka Moldova. Howlgalkan waxuu ku dhamaaday dhimashadii ina hetman ciidamada Zaporizhzhya Cossack iyo guuldaradii. Marka xaalad aad u adag, Bohun ku filan u suurtagashay in ay ciidamadeeda kala baxdo deegaanka, iyo qaadan jirka ah ee Timothy. Ilaa dhamaadka xiga, 1654, wuxuu ka qaybgalay olole badan oo ka dhan ah ciidamada Dawlada Dhexe, oo waxay galeen iyaga la galay Midowgii Tatar ciidamada. Meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqdhaqaaqyadooda milatari ee muddada in ay ahaayeen Bratslavshchina iyo Uman.

taageere ka mid ah madax-bannaanida oo ka mid ah ciidamada Zaporizhzhya

Waxaa la og yahay in Ivan Bohun ahaa koox kulul oo isku day kasta oo ay dhib u keeneyso xuquuqda xoriyada Cossack. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta ay dabeecad aad u xun dhinaca Bogdanom Hmelnitskim la saxiixay September 1651 dunida Belotserkovskii. By gelaynaa heshiiskan la polish ah, Cossacks Yukreeniyaan hetman diiday oo dhan mudnaanta, soo saaray iyaga by in koorsada ee kacdoonka hubaysan ee 1648.

Isla sababtaas Bohun ahaa soo horjeeda oo isku daya in la Moscow. Marka in 1654 in Pereyaslavl waxaa caan ku go'aansaday ururka territory, kuwaas oo ay gacanta ku marti Zaporozhian ah, iyadoo Russia, Vinnytsia kornayl aanan ka qayb baarlamaanka oo ma keenaan oo ay la socdaan dhaartii of Ruush Tsar oo dhan. Marka Bogdan Khmelnitsky dhintay Bohun dhiiri kasta oo Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo iyo Yuriya Hmelnitskogo dadaalka ay in la dhiso xornimada ee Cossacks ee arrimaha siyaasadda gudaha iyo dibadda. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah, ayuu ku cambaareeyey isku dayga ay isku daya in colka dhaqanka ee Cossacks la - Poland iyo Turkey.

March on Poland iyo Jidka failure

In 1656 formation weyn Cossack ka yar amarka hetman Anton Zhdanovicha go'an bilood badan oo weerar gayiga Poland. Ujeeddadiisu waxay ahayd inuu caawiyo Wallachian iyo ciidamada Swedish, taasoo keentay dagaalka ka dhanka ah cutub oo ahaa boqorkii reer Poland. Ka mid ah taliyayaasha kale ahaa Ivan Bohun. Xaareysa jidkooda dabka iyo seef, Cossacks gaadhay Krakow, Warsaw iyo Brest. Laakiin markaas wax aan la filayn dhacay: Cossacks ah, markaan ogaaday in ololaha qaadataa meel aan ogolaansho ka mid ah Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, taas oo ay ugu dhaartay, ay diideen in ay sii wadaan dagaalka. Sidaas darteed, kun oo askari xagaaga ee 1657 ku soo laabtay Hetman.

Heshiiska ayaa cadowga Vygovskogo

Laba sano ka dib waxaa jiray xaflad si qoto dheer caayay dareenka waddani ah Ivana Boguna. Bishii September 1658 magaalada heshiiska Gadyach la saxiixay dhexeeya hetman ku Ivanom Vygovskim iyo Poland. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumentigan, dhulka oo dhan Zaporizhia Army loo moodayay in ay qayb ka mid ah Commonwealth ee ku saabsan xuquuqda xubin saddexaad ee urur-geesoodka ah ee Poland iyo Lithuania noqon. Tani waxay fal ceeb ma ahayn si aad u hesho xoog, sida aan la bixinin by Sejm Polish ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ka dhigay kacdoonkii ka soo kiciyey Bohun iyo taageerayaashooda, isagoo ka hor Vygovskogo. Sidaas darteed, tage danaha qaranka waxaa laga adkaaday oo lagu qasbay in ay si Poland carari. Sidoo kale, Vinnytsia Colonel ahaa in ay iska caabin awood iyo Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu, saxiixay 1660 khuseeya Slaboschensky, xad gudbo xuquuqda Cossacks ah.

qorrax mustaqbalkiisa military

Sannad ka dib, inuu noqdo kornayl Bohun Duchy of Lithuania, iyo in 1661, ayuu uu dalkiisa ku noqday, wuxuu si wadajir ah ula Yuriem Hmelnitskim ka qeyb dagaalka lagula jiro labadii sirkaal Ruush - Gregory iyo Gregory Kosagova Ramodanovskogo. In dagaalo kuwaas guusha ciidamada isagii way ka jeedsada. Si taasi ka sii daran, ee waqti gaaban uu la xiray oo polish ah.

Ka dib markii in muddo ah xabsiga ku, ayuu la sii daayay by King, laakiin shardi ah in uu ka qayb ololaha ka dhanka ah Baanka Bidixda qaadan lahaa. In Yana Kazimira qorshaha ahaa in dab iyo seeftiisa u furid oo dhan dadka deegaanka ka soo Kiev in Novgorod Seversky. Qalbi culus oo galay xilli ciyaareedkan ee Ivan Bohun, laakiin doorashada isagu ma uu samayn.

Mucaaradka oo u polish ah, iyo dhimashada naxdinta

Taariikhda waxay muujinaysaa in tan iyo wakhtigii hore ee kornayl Cossack bilaabmin u geysan karaan dhib in polish ah, oo ka dhigaysa dadaal kasta si ay faragelin qorshayaashooda. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay ka difaacdaa ka dhanka ah burburinta magaalada, qabsadeen hoos unugyada Amarkiisa. Sida ciidankii reer Yana Kazimira ma lahayn ciidamada ku filan si ay u abuuraan rugo askareed dhulka degan, natiijo ah oo kacdoonkii deggan degsiimooyinka badan haray ka danbeeya regiments horumarinta noqday.

Marka ciidamada Commonwealth Glukhov hareereeyey, Ivan Bohun sameeyey dadaal kasta si ay gargaar u fidiyaan dadka deegaanka ay. Tan iyo markii uu xubin ka ahaa golaha military ciidanka Polish, isaga qudhiisu waa yiqiin oo dhan faahfaahinta duufaan soo socda, taas oo uu ku siiyey daafacyada ka mid ah magaalada. Waxa intaa dheer in warbixin hawl muhiim ah, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa awoodin in ay sharci darro ah kaydka go'doomiyey ee Baaruud iyo nuclei. qorshaha uu ka mid ahaa xataa weerar lama filaan ah ka dambaysa oo polish ah, marka ay waxa loo isticmaali doonaa si ay u weeraraan magaalada ah.

Laakiin, nasiib daro, on this hawlaha uu noqday mid ku ogeysiiyey, boqor, kuwaas oo amar ku bixiyay in la xiro si degdeg ah Bohun. Soon kulan maxkamadda millatariga beerta, taas oo ku xukuntay kornayl Cossack iyo dhowr ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa si uu u dhinto. isla markiiba xukunka waxaa la dilay. Waxaa dhacay on February 17, 1664. Sayidka dhintay ciidamada geesi Zaporizhzhya Ivan Bohun, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa kala saari Karin xidhiidh si halganka ka dhanka ah Hetman ee soo duulay Polish.

Ukraine ayaa la ilaashaa, xusuusta reer wiilkiisa oo xoog leh. Ka dib markii kacaanka, guutada, amray by Nikolai Shchors, ayaa loo magacaabay Bogunovskim. Waxaa la magacaabay ka dib markii Kiev Military Lyceum. Magaalooyinka qaar badan oo Ukraine Ivan Bohun la odhan jiray jidadka, iyo sanadkii 2007, bangiga Yukreeniyaan Qaranka saaray qadaadiic ah oo uu image. xusuusta ee geesiga iyo dhawrayay ah duubnaadaan in uu sharaf by song dad Yukreeniyaan caan ah.